1. First aid is immediate assistance given for minor injuries until medical treatment can be received. It should be administered for cuts, bruises, burns, foreign objects in the eyes, nose bleeds, insect bites, and other minor incidents. 2. Proper first aid procedures are outlined for various minor injuries and situations. For cuts and wounds, the area should be cleaned with water and an antiseptic applied before covering with a bandage. Cold water or compresses are recommended for bruises and minor burns. 3. Seeking prompt medical attention is important for deep wounds, large burns, objects embedded in the skin, suspected fractures, snake or animal bites, and bites from potentially rabid animals. First aid

1. SAFETY AND FIRST AID
There are occasions when you and others need help. The help is given to you
or other immediately after some injury is called first aid. First aid is given in case of
minor injuries. If it is a major one, you will have to see a doctor, or take the injured
person to hospital for treatment.
When do you need first aid? When should you give first aid to others? There
are occasions in our life when something unwanted happens to us. Something might
get into your eyes, you may have a cut or a bruise, you may have a burn, your nose
may bleed, some insects may bite you, etc. these are occasions when you need to
help other or yourself. In the serious cases, you may call in the doctor, but while
waiting for the doctor you can do something to help the patient by yourself.
We all need to know what should be done in such cases.
Have you come across with some accidents in your home or in the street?
Have you seen some person badly injured? The same thing can happen to you if you
are not careful. Look at the picture below. They show how accidents can happen.
Think how accidents have happened in the pictures. Write a line about each
accidents. Accidents happen in many ways when we are not careful.
Here are ten golden rules to prevent accidents.
1. Store kerosene or petrol and matches in safe place. Do not play with matches
or cigarette lighters.
2. Check electric wirings in home for the leakage regularly. Do not touch bare
wires. Do not put off and on switches with wet hands.
3. Wipe off any spilled water on smooth surfaces.
4. Do not throw banana or mango skins around the home or streets.
5. Put cutleries in a safe place in the kitchen.
6. Do not play with sharp instruments.
7. Store medicines in safe place out of reach of small children.
8. Obey street rules while crossing streets.
9. Do not tease stray animals or walk near them.
10.Do not walk barefooted outside your home.
What to do if you see someone in accident?
1. Do not allow too many persons to crowd around the victim.
2. Wash your hands with clean water.
3. Apply clean cloth over the cuts and bruises.
4. Do not move the fractured parts.
5. Inform the concerned persons, parents, teacher, police, health worker and
relatives of the victim.
Here are some ways to administer first aid.
1. Cuts and wounds

2. Wash your hands and also the cut part with clean water. Apply iodine
solution. Put the cut part high up if possible. This will help stop bleeding.
When bleeding stops, apply tape or wrap the wound around with a clean
cloth.
2. Bruises
If it is just a simple bruise, wash with cold water. If the upper layer of the
skin is removed, apply iodine solution gently. Allow it to dry and apply mild
antiseptic like Burnol or Iodex.
3. Minor burns
Apply cold water on the burnt part. If there are large blisters, see a doctor
at once. Do not apply oil.
4. When something gets into your eyes
Do not rub eyes. Sometimes tears will wash away the dirt. Otherwise the
dirt may be removed with a folded piece of cloth. Ask your friend or
someone nearby to do so.
5. Nose bleeding
Lie down with head and shoulders raised above the body. Apply cold wet
towel to the face and back of neck. Do not blow nose hard. Nose may be
pinched with fingers if bleeding continues. This helps stop bleeding.
6. Insect bites and stings
For bites of wasps, apply ice cold water. Also apply cold cream mixed with
diluted vinegar of lemon juice and cover with a clean piece of cloth. For
bites, apply cold cream mixed with baking soda or washing soda and
cover with a piece of clean cloth.
7. Nails and deep cuts.
In case you happen to tread on a nail, or you have a deep cut by some
instruments, you should wash the wound with water, apply iodine solution
and see a doctor at once. You may have to get anti-tetanus injection within
12 hours of the cut.
8. Leech bite
Leech can be found usually in damp places in the jungle or lawn. Leech
sucks blood from the skin and remains stuck in the belly is filled up with
blood. If we pull out leech forcibly bleeding continues for some time.
Instead of pulling out it is better to apply salt over its body; the leech will
then withdraw itself. It is better to apply sodium bicarbonate or avil powder
on the spot bitten by the leech.
9. Mad dog bite

3. Usually dogs get mad when they are infected by the rabies virus. If a
person is bitten by a mad dog,
- The spot should be cleaned with soap water and medicines should be
applied.
- The wound should be dressed and bandaged after cleaning.
- The person should be taken to a nearby hospital for anti-rabies
vaccination.