Ppe grc

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WORKPLACE SAFETY
&
PERSONAL PROTECTION
EQUIPMENT (PPE)

Every work that men undertake have associated
risks
Unmitigated exposure to risks at workplace yearly
results in injuries, accidents and ill-health in
workers (est. 340million accidents, 160million
illnesses and 2.3million deaths – ILO, 2011)
Many of these injuries, ill-health and accidents
which end in permanent disabilities, terminal
diseases and sometimes death are preventable
Different strategies exists to protect workers from
deleterious effects of uncontrolled exposure to
INTRODUCTION

Presentation Outline
• Concept of Safety
• Safety in the workplace
• Strategies to keep workers safe and PPE
• Meaning of PPE
• Necessity of PPE
• Protection by PPE
• Responsibility for PPE
• Maintenance of PPE

Contd
• Storage of PPE
• Benefits of Compliance with PPE regulations
• Dangers and Costs of Non- compliance
• Motivation for Effective use of PPE
• Summary
• Conclusion

Concept of Safety
• Safety is freedom from
harm or injury
• It is a state in which hazards
and conditions leading to
physical, psychological or
material harm are
eliminated or controlled in
order to preserve the health
and well-being of
individuals.
• The word “Safety” refers to
and it is connected with all
measures and precautions
taken to prevent accidents,

Safety in the Workplace
• Safety is necessary everywhere and at all times, in
homes, on roads, in offices, public places and much
more importantly in the workplace
• Safety in the workplace correlates positively with
workers health and productivity
• An unsafe work environment undermines workers’
morale, efficiency and productivity
• All efforts geared towards ensuring safe working
environment will promote organizational
excellence, image and public rating

Strategies to keep workers safe and PPE
Several strategies exists to promote safety in the
workplace, they include
• Engineering
• Environmental monitoring and inspection
• Health Education
• Medical Examination, care and surveillance
• Legislation and Enforcement
• Motivation and Enthusiasm
• Evaluation
• Administrative Control
• Personal Protection Equipment – is the only
individualized component of these strategies and

Meaning of PPE
• Personal Protection
Equipment otherwise
abbreviated as “PPE” are
gargets and outfits that
workers wear to protect
their bodies against harmful
substances
• They offer protection for
the head, face and eyes,
hands, feet and the entire
body
• Specifications and types of
protection devices depend

Necessity of Personal Protection
Equipment
• The use of personal Protection
Equipment becomes necessary
when and where it is
impossible to avoid or get rid
of hazards from the working
environment or where risks or
hazard exists as part of normal
working experience
• In such instance, a consistent
habit of PPE use will
determine how safe and
effective the work process can

Protection by PPE
• Eye protection should always
be worn where there is
potential for injury to the eyes
or face from small particles,
toxic chemicals, flying
particles, large objects,
thermal or radiation hazards,
and lasers.
• Selection should be according
to the types and extent of
hazards,
• These must always remain
clean and free of
Sun protective sunglasses
Look for ultraviolet (UV)-protection on
product
labels. Larger lenses protects better than
smaller lenses —
better yet, the wraparound variety to
protects from all sides.
Safety glasses
Safety glasses should be impact resistant
with wrap-around lenses for the
most complete protection.
1. Eye Protection

Contd
Goggles
Goggles offer good protection
against front and side impact.
Unvented
or indirect vented chemical
splash goggles provide protection
from chemical vapors and
liquids.
Full face shields (FFS)
FFS protect against splashing or
dust but have
varying degrees of impact
resistance.
It may be necessary to wear
safety glasses or goggles
underneath a face shield for
complete protection.
Protective measures
Machine guards, eye wash stations,
warning signs, proper lighting, work
barriers, adequate ventilation.

2. Ear Protection
• Thirty-three percent of all
workers experiencing
hazardous noise at work
will develop noise-
induced hearing loss.
• Exposure to high levels of
noise may result in
hearing loss.
• PPE should be worn
when the noise level is 85
decibels or greater
averaged over an eight-
hour period
• Most hearing protection
devices have a noise
reduction rating (NRR)
that indicates the amount
of protection provided.
Formable earplugs
Useful for short wearing
periods or
infrequent use.
Inexpensive and can
be discarded when job is
completed.
Degree of protection is
dependent on
correct insertion; practice
is needed.
Not effective if hearing
protection is
required on a regular
basis.

Contd
Banded ear plugs
Hang around neck when
not needed and can be
quickly inserted. Most
have replacement tips;
no need to replace
whole
band.
Earmuffs
More comfortable to
wear and offers better
long
term protection to
loud noise than earplugs.
However, noise reduction
is not superior to properly
inserted earplugs.
Cap mount earmuffs
Have attaches to slotted safety helmet
and, with the addition of a
safety shield, allows simultaneous
head, face, and hearing protection.

3. Nose Protection
The risk of
contracting severe lung
disease or death can
be significantly
decreased by using
respiratory protection.
Respirators are used
to prevent the exposure
to air contaminated
with harmful dusts,
fumes, mists, gases,
smokes, sprays, or
vapors
 All respirator usage,
Air purifying disposable particulate
masks with
exhalation valve
Offers protection against non-toxic solid
and
liquid aerosols (e.g., oil mists). Exhalation
valve makes breathing easier and reduces
hot
air build up. Product must be discarded
when
clogged.

contd
Chemical cartridge respirators
Provide a higher level of
protection
than dust masks. Covers nose
and mouth with valve to control
air
movement. Replaceable activated
carbon cartridges filter incoming
air.
Requires fit test for proper fit and
Gas masks with cartridge
A full-face air purifying device with
larger cartridge than chemical cartridge
respirators that provides protection
against pesticides and toxic
airborne materials. They require sufficient
levels of oxygen in the air to be
filtered. Requires fit test for proper fit.

4. Hand Protection
• Selecting proper gloves is
very important since the
hands are used to handle
hazardous materials.
• In addition, traumatic injuries
such as cuts, sprains, and
punctures may occur
• With the wide range of
hazards, there are also a wide
range of gloves that may be
used as PPE.
• Chemical-resistant gloves are
always recommended when
working with pesticides and
chemicals. Chemical-
Padded cloth gloves
Protects hands from
sharp edges, slivers,
dirt, and vibration. Not
acceptable for handling
hazardous materials.
Heat-resistant
gloves
Offers protection
from heat and
flames.

Contd
Vinyl/neoprene gloves
Protects hands against
toxic chemicals. Selecting
the right glove is
critical in handling the
varying level of chemical
toxicity.
Nitrile protective gloves
Provides good protection
when using many different
pesticides.
Barrier laminate
gloves
Offer the best
chemical resistance
in gloves designed
to handle hazardous
chemicals.
Avoid cotton-lined
or rubber gloves
that absorb chemicals
that result in
continued absorption

5. Head Protection
• Head protection designed to
reduce the force of impact
from falling objects
• It can mean the difference
between suffering a mild
concussion or having
permanent brain damage.
• Head injuries are commonly
caused by impact from falling
or flying objects and walking
into hard objects.
• PPE devices such as hard hats
may protect one from objects
contacting the head and, in a
limited way, from electrical
HARD HAT
(with shock absorbing suspension
system)
Offers protection from falling objects
but
not from electrical shocks or corrosive
substances.

contd
Bump caps
Designed to protect bumping
head on protruding objects.
Normally does not have a
suspension system inside the
cap that acts as a shock
absorber
Chemical-resistant hats with
added wide brim
Offers protection when applying
pesticides but may not be
compatible with certain types
of respiratory PPE.

6. Foot Protection
Proper footwear protects
feet from injuries and
reduces the pain and
fatigue that can lead to
injuries.
Injuries that may occur
when proper footwear is
not worn are chemical and
heat burns from spills of
certain chemicals,
compression injuries,
electrical shocks, and
slipping.
Steel toe footwear
Protects toes from falling
objects
and from being crushed
Latex/rubber footwear
Resists chemicals and
provides
extra traction on slippery
surfaces.

• Lab coats must be
appropriately sized for the
individual and be fastened
(snap buttons are
recommended) to their full
length.
• Lab coat sleeves must be of a
sufficient length to prevent
skin exposure while wearing
gloves.
• Flame resistant lab coats must
be worn when using
pyrophoric materials or
flammable
7. Body Protection

Responsibilities for Protection
1. Employers, managers and
supervisors
 Review/audit of workplace
risks and hazards including
available control measures
available
 Provision of PPE
 Training of workers on safety
and PPE use
 Delegation of responsibility for
monitoring compliance to ensure
that workers wear PPE
throughout their period of
exposure to hazards

Contd
 Listen to and resolve
workers complaints on PPE
 Provision of disinfecting ,
laundering, cleaning
facilities
 Initiating an immediate
investigation into incidents
 Provision of adequate first
aid

contd
2. . Employees and workers
Using the equipment provided
throughout the time they may be
exposed to the risk that requires
the use of PPE for protection.
 keeping Personal PPE issued to
them in good condition
 Inspection of protective clothing
and equipment before each use
Report known defective
equipment or protective devices
that may be hazardous
Report all accidents and injuries
to employer or supervisor no
matter how minor –

Contd
Comply with company rules and
Use machinery, equipment, tools, etc.,
only as authorized and in a safe manner
Follow job procedures
Cooperate with health and safety
committee members
Use or wear personal protective
equipment as required
 PPE should be assessed regularly to
ensure it is not being used beyond its
capability and where appropriate,
manufacturers’ instructions might provide

Maintenance of PPE
An effective system of maintenance of PPE is essential
to make sure the equipment continues to provide the
degree of protection for which it is designed.
• Manufacturer’s sometimes supplies manual with
maintenance schedule (including recommended
replacement periods and shelf lives. This must always
be followed
Where not possible or applicable, maintenance guidelines
for PPE include –
• Proper storage
• Inspection before each use
• Testing
• Cleaning
• Repair

Storage of PPE
• Adequate storage facilities for PPE must be made
available when it is not in use, unless the employee by
permission or regulation takes PPE away from the
workplace, e.g., footwear or clothing.
• All PPE must be stored in a clean and sanitary
conditions; ready for use.
• Accommodation may be simple, e.g., pegs for
waterproof clothing or safety helmets, a case may be
provided for safety glasses, a container in a vehicle, or
zip-lock bags on a designated shelf.
• Storage should be adequate to protect the PPE from
contamination, loss, damage, water or sunlight.
• Proper storage often requires a dry and clean place that
is not subject to temperature extremes.

Benefits of Compliance with PPE
Regulation
• Good safety reputation
• Reduced workplace injuries and
accidents
• Reduced medical bills
• Better health of workers
• Longer working life and usefulness
• Increased productivity
• Attraction of high level workforce
and professionals
• Enhanced organization’s public
image

ONE UNSAFE ACT BY JUST ONE INDIVIDUAL COULD AFFECT MANY PEOPLE,
LEADING TO IRREVERSIBLE AND OVERWHELMING DESTRUCTION!
Dangers and Cost of non-compliance

UNASFE ACTS IN THE LABORATORY

• The economic costs of occupational and work-related
injuries and diseases are rapidly increasing, While it is
impossible to place a value on human life,
compensation figures indicate that approximately four
per cent of the world's Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
disappears with the cost of diseases through absences
from work, sickness treatment, disability and survivor
benefits. (A ILO 2002 Report on Decent Work)
• "Let us not forget the impact that these accidents and
diseases have on the families of the worker who has
become injured, disabled or may have died as a result of
work. The emotional distress, the personal adjustment
and even the financial survival of the family are also
factors that must be considered; at the ILO, we believe
that the world has a moral obligation to act” said the

• Increased workplace accidents and injuries
• Loss of life or limbs
• Loss of efficiency, skills and ability
• Increased sick leave and workers absence
• Sense of insecurity
• Lowered workers morale
• Increased medical bill
• Reduced productivity and loss of earning power
• Increased dependence on others
• Social liabilities such as strain in relationship
• Cost and/or inconvenience of rehabilitation or re-

Cost of injuries and illnesses to
employers
Payment for work not performed
Increased Medical payments and its effect on
annual budgets
Reduction or interruption of services
Administrative costs
Cost of replacing injured or ill worker
Cost of training new workers
Poor public relations
Increased labour conflict

Motivation for effective use of PPE
• Leadership example
• Humorous posters
• Worker-friendly working environment and
relationship
• Regular training and retraining
• Excellence in Safety recognition Award for work
areas/team in a unit
• Accident/injury free bonus
• PPE compliance reward
• Positive remarks (nice talks) about safety
regulations and regulators

Summary
• Concept of Safety
• Safety in the workplace
• Strategies to keep workers safe
• Meaning of PPE
• Necessity of PPE
• Protection by PPE
• Responsibility for PPE
• Maintenance of PPE
• Storage of PPE
• Benefits of Compliance with PPE regulations
• Dangers and Costs of Non- compliance
• Motivation for Effective use of PPE

CONCLUSION
•Safety at work means safety in life
•Unsafe work put life on the edge of a
knife
•“We must remain alive to be able to
work” – Dr. Gueye Badara
•All measures that promotes safe work,
including the use of Personal Protection
Equipment (PPE) sustains life and
promotes the dignity, beauty and quality

Thanks for listening !

References
1. International Labour Organization (ILO), 2011.
Safety and health in agriculture. ILO code of
practice. Geneva Switzerland pp 52-59
2. International Labour Organization (ILO),2011.
ILO Introductory Report: Global Trends and
Challenges in Occupational Safety and Health,
XIX World Congress on Safety and Health at
Work, Istanbul 11-15 September 2011
3. Jain R.K, Rao S.S. 2011, Industrial safety, Health
and Environment management Systems. Khanna
publishers, Delhi, India pp 26, 110
4. Mishra R.K, 2013, Safety Management. AITBS
Publishers, Delhi, India pp 13-14,360

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