This document provides a style guide for writing SAE technical papers. It outlines the general guidelines papers should follow, including using clear professional language and proper units of measurement. It also details the typical sections of an SAE paper like the introduction, body, and references. The style guide indicates what template styles should be applied to each section and element, such as figures and equations. It provides examples and instructions for formatting various parts of the paper according to SAE standards. The goal is to help authors write high quality, consistently structured papers that will be easily reviewed and published.
Mechanical engineering applies principles of physics and materials science to design, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems. It involves production and use of heat and mechanical power. Some foundations include mathematics, physics, thermodynamics, materials science, gears and systems, fluid mechanics, and structural analysis. Mechanical engineering finds application in many industries like automotive, power, manufacturing, aerospace, and more. Skills useful for mechanical engineering include strong math and science skills, communication, teamwork, and a desire to apply ideas.
The document discusses stopping distance and braking efficiency. Stopping distance can be divided into three parts: reaction time, time for brakes to engage, and net stopping distance depending on deceleration. Braking efficiency is measured by the minimum distance needed to stop a vehicle from its speed after brakes are applied. Stopping distance depends on tire tread, inflation, and road surface conditions as well as the vehicle's velocity. Stopping distance can be calculated using the equation D=kV^2, where k depends on the braking system. Braking efficiency can be calculated as η=V^2/3D and is rated from perfect to very bad depending on the percentage.
This document discusses tolerance stack up analysis which determines the maximum possible variation between components in an assembly. It describes the merits of tolerance stack up analysis such as optimizing part tolerances. The key steps are identified including labeling dimensions, creating a sketch, adding dimensions, finding nominal and total variation. An example problem is provided to find the maximum and minimum distance between parts using a tolerance stack up report and sketch. Dimensional chain analysis and synthesis are also overviewed. Equivalent tolerance and standard tolerance grade methods are explained for solving tolerance allocation problems.
The document describes the different layouts of automobiles, including where the engine and drive wheels are located. It discusses the main types - front engine rear wheel drive, rear engine rear wheel drive, and front engine front wheel drive. For each type, it provides details on their characteristics such as noise isolation, drive train loss, weight distribution, and handling. The document aims to explain the different configurations and their respective advantages and limitations.
This document discusses vehicle dynamics and tools used to assess vehicle dynamics. It begins with an introduction defining vehicle dynamics as the study of how a vehicle reacts to driver inputs based on classical mechanics. It then outlines several key aspects of vehicle dynamics including body flex, roll, bump steer, stability, and understeer/oversteer. The document also discusses engine power output metrics like indicated power and brake power. It concludes by examining automotive resistances like rolling resistance, frictional resistance, gradient resistance, and air resistance that reduce the propulsive power of a vehicle.
General steps of the finite element methodmahesh gaikwad
General Steps used to solve FEA/ FEM Problems. Steps Involves involves dividing the body into a finite elements with associated nodes and choosing the most appropriate element type for the model.
This document discusses the design evaluation of a flywheel used in a petrol engine. It begins with introductions to internal combustion engines, flywheels, ProEngineer modeling software, and ANSYS finite element analysis software. It then describes the design process which included calculating flywheel dimensions, creating a 2D drawing in ProEngineer, conducting structural, modal, and fatigue analysis in ANSYS on models of the flywheel constructed from cast iron and aluminum alloy A360 materials. The analyses showed both materials would withstand operating stresses but aluminum alloy had lower stresses. Fatigue analysis also evaluated stress at nodes over the flywheel's lifespan. The flywheel was determined to be a valid design, with aluminum alloy A360 the better material.
Mechanical engineering applies principles of physics and materials science to design, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems. It involves production and use of heat and mechanical power. Some foundations include mathematics, physics, thermodynamics, materials science, gears and systems, fluid mechanics, and structural analysis. Mechanical engineering finds application in many industries like automotive, power, manufacturing, aerospace, and more. Skills useful for mechanical engineering include strong math and science skills, communication, teamwork, and a desire to apply ideas.
The document discusses stopping distance and braking efficiency. Stopping distance can be divided into three parts: reaction time, time for brakes to engage, and net stopping distance depending on deceleration. Braking efficiency is measured by the minimum distance needed to stop a vehicle from its speed after brakes are applied. Stopping distance depends on tire tread, inflation, and road surface conditions as well as the vehicle's velocity. Stopping distance can be calculated using the equation D=kV^2, where k depends on the braking system. Braking efficiency can be calculated as η=V^2/3D and is rated from perfect to very bad depending on the percentage.
This document discusses tolerance stack up analysis which determines the maximum possible variation between components in an assembly. It describes the merits of tolerance stack up analysis such as optimizing part tolerances. The key steps are identified including labeling dimensions, creating a sketch, adding dimensions, finding nominal and total variation. An example problem is provided to find the maximum and minimum distance between parts using a tolerance stack up report and sketch. Dimensional chain analysis and synthesis are also overviewed. Equivalent tolerance and standard tolerance grade methods are explained for solving tolerance allocation problems.
The document describes the different layouts of automobiles, including where the engine and drive wheels are located. It discusses the main types - front engine rear wheel drive, rear engine rear wheel drive, and front engine front wheel drive. For each type, it provides details on their characteristics such as noise isolation, drive train loss, weight distribution, and handling. The document aims to explain the different configurations and their respective advantages and limitations.
This document discusses vehicle dynamics and tools used to assess vehicle dynamics. It begins with an introduction defining vehicle dynamics as the study of how a vehicle reacts to driver inputs based on classical mechanics. It then outlines several key aspects of vehicle dynamics including body flex, roll, bump steer, stability, and understeer/oversteer. The document also discusses engine power output metrics like indicated power and brake power. It concludes by examining automotive resistances like rolling resistance, frictional resistance, gradient resistance, and air resistance that reduce the propulsive power of a vehicle.
General steps of the finite element methodmahesh gaikwad
General Steps used to solve FEA/ FEM Problems. Steps Involves involves dividing the body into a finite elements with associated nodes and choosing the most appropriate element type for the model.
This document discusses the design evaluation of a flywheel used in a petrol engine. It begins with introductions to internal combustion engines, flywheels, ProEngineer modeling software, and ANSYS finite element analysis software. It then describes the design process which included calculating flywheel dimensions, creating a 2D drawing in ProEngineer, conducting structural, modal, and fatigue analysis in ANSYS on models of the flywheel constructed from cast iron and aluminum alloy A360 materials. The analyses showed both materials would withstand operating stresses but aluminum alloy had lower stresses. Fatigue analysis also evaluated stress at nodes over the flywheel's lifespan. The flywheel was determined to be a valid design, with aluminum alloy A360 the better material.
This document is a project report submitted by 6 students for their Bachelor of Engineering degree. It describes the design and fabrication of a hydraulic sheet metal punching machine using leverage principles. The report contains 4 chapters that introduce hydraulics systems and components, describe punching machines, present the design of the machine parts, and include drawings of the machine assembly. It was guided by a professor and submitted to fulfill degree requirements.
25 best mechanical engineering interview questions and answers pdf free downloadTanveer Hussain
This document contains 25 interview questions and answers related to mechanical engineering. Some key topics covered include safety precautions in workshops, thermodynamics vs heat transfer, stress vs strain, Newton's laws of motion, and definitions of concepts like torque, power, and fuel ratio. The questions aim to assess a candidate's knowledge of fundamental mechanical engineering concepts as well as their project experience and safety awareness.
This Presentation has been presented in the Choice 2010 counseling event for IIT/NIT aspirants. In this presentation, Mr.P.Venugopal ( Director, Defence Research and Development Laboratories, India) explains the potential of Mechanical Engineering and various career opportunities that are available for students.
The document discusses stress concentration and fatigue failure in machine elements. It defines stress concentration as irregular stress distribution caused by abrupt changes in cross-section shape. Stress concentration factors are introduced to quantify the maximum stress compared to nominal stress. The document also discusses endurance limit and fatigue strength testing methods. Factors that affect fatigue strength like material properties, surface finish, size and temperature are summarized. Methods to evaluate and reduce stress concentration in designs are provided.
This presentation is an examination of structural repair of aircraft. It details the goals, regulations and classification of repairs for different types of aircraft damage.
The paper that this presentation is based on was presented by Dr. Kishore Brahma of the AXISCADES Engineering Core Group at the International Conference & Exhibition on Fatigue, Durability & Fracture Mechanics (FatigueDurabilityIndia2015) in Bangalore from 28-30th May 2015.
Evolution of CAD/CAM and CIM, computers and workstation, elements of interactive
graphics, input/ out put display, storage devices in CAD, – networking of CAD systems -
2D Graphics: line drawing algorithms, DDA line algorithm – circle drawing,
bressnham`s circle drawing algorithm– 2D Transformation: translation, rotation, scaling,
reflection – clipping -3D Graphics (basic only).
Machine design possible interview questionsDr. Ramesh B
The document discusses ISO quality standards and their applications. ISO-9001 applies to design, development, production and servicing. ISO-9002 is for production and servicing, and ISO-9003 is for final inspection and testing. It also provides definitions and applications of various mechanical engineering terms related to machine elements, materials, design, analysis and computer-aided design.
Fatigue Analysis of Structures (Aerospace Application)Mahdi Damghani
This document provides an introduction to fatigue analysis of aerospace structures. It discusses key topics including stress-life analysis methods, S-N curves, stress concentration factors, notch sensitivity, and fatigue failure locations. Examples of fatigue critical locations in aircraft components like flaps, struts, and baffle panels are also shown. The document concludes with examples calculating stresses, stress ratios, and fatigue life based on the stress-life approach.
The document contains 38 questions related to machine design. The questions cover topics such as standardization of sizes, tolerances, fits, design of joints, shafts, levers, frames and other machine elements. Design calculations are required to determine dimensions that satisfy given loading and stress criteria. Materials, their properties and appropriate factors of safety are provided. References for solutions and examples are given from standard machine design textbooks.
The document discusses reliability centered maintenance of an electric motor powering a water pump station. It provides information on the motor components and common failure modes. Bearings experience over 40% of failures mostly due to improper lubrication. Statos and rotors also commonly fail due to overheating, corrosion, or contamination. The document analyzes the risks of each component using an RPN analysis. It recommends monitoring components using vibration analysis and infrared thermography to detect issues early and lower maintenance costs. Implementing preventative maintenance and inspections was expected to reduce the total risk by 60%.
Morphing of Aircraft Wings
This document discusses morphing technology for aircraft wings. Morphing allows wings to change shape to better match flight conditions. It can improve performance, efficiency, and adaptability. Wing morphing technologies include folding, sweeping, extending wings, and changing camber. This allows control of wing area, aspect ratio, and sweep angle. Shape memory alloys are used for actuation components. Advantages of morphing wings include improved performance, control, stealth, reduced drag and weight. Challenges remain in developing morphing wing technologies that can withstand flight conditions.
This document provides a basic introduction to the fundamentals of flight, including the four forces of flight and explanations of lift. It discusses Newton's Laws of Motion and Bernoulli's Principle and how they relate to the generation of lift on airplane wings. It also describes basic airplane control surfaces like the elevator, ailerons, and rudder and how they control pitch, roll, and yaw. Interactive elements demonstrate wing shapes and how aircraft can fly inverted. Overall, the document covers aerodynamic concepts and forces essential to understanding how airplanes are able to fly.
1) A scramjet engine is a type of air-breathing jet engine that uses supersonic combustion of air and fuel. Unlike ramjets, the airflow inside a scramjet remains supersonic during the entire combustion process.
2) Scramjets have no moving parts and rely solely on the high speed of flight to compress incoming air before combustion. They are designed to operate at hypersonic speeds above Mach 5.
3) The key components of a scramjet are a converging inlet, combustor where fuel burns supersonically, and diverging nozzle to accelerate the exhaust. Scramjets offer higher specific impulse than rockets but are difficult and expensive to develop and test due to
This document provides an overview of ANSYS Workbench software for structural and thermal analysis. It describes the user interface, types of analysis available including linear static, modal, heat transfer and buckling. It outlines the steps to set up a static structural analysis including importing geometry, applying materials, meshing, boundary conditions and solving. License types are also summarized. The goal is to teach the basics of using simulation capabilities in ANSYS Workbench.
This document discusses applications of the finite element method (FEM) in three categories: equilibrium problems, eigenvalue problems, and propagation problems. It provides examples of how FEM is used across various engineering disciplines, including civil engineering structures, aircraft structures, heat conduction, geotechnics, fluid mechanics, nuclear engineering, biomechanics, mechanical design, and electromagnetics. Specific applications mentioned include static structural analysis, modal analysis, heat transfer problems, soil-structure interaction, fluid flow modeling, reactor component analysis, implant design, fracture mechanics, and electric machine modeling.
The document discusses stress concentration and fatigue failure in machine elements. It defines stress concentration as the localization of high stresses due to irregularities or abrupt changes in cross-section. Stress concentration can be reduced by avoiding sharp changes in cross-section and providing fillets and chamfers. Fatigue failure occurs when fluctuating stresses cause cracks over numerous load cycles. The endurance limit is the maximum stress amplitude that causes failure after an infinite number of cycles. Factors like stress concentration, surface finish, size, and mean stress affect the endurance limit. Designs should minimize stress raisers and protect against corrosion to prevent fatigue failures.
Ix instructions for using the templatecomment by gcu remove tRIYAN43
This document provides instructions for using the Grand Canyon University dissertation template. It outlines general formatting guidelines including using 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and 1-inch margins. It emphasizes following all template styles and directions. The document describes features of the template like comment bubbles, styles, and footers. It provides recommendations for successfully using the template such as carefully reading sections, following APA guidelines, and properly naming and versioning files. Finally, it includes a section on the template's ten strategic points for defining the research focus.
The document provides guidelines for preparing an industrial internship report for the B.Tech Computer Science program at VIT University. It specifies the required report structure and formatting guidelines. The report should include sections like the cover page, declaration, bonafide certificate, acknowledgements, abstract, table of contents, chapters on the existing system, proposed work, implementation, results and conclusion. It provides examples of the cover page, declaration and bonafide certificate. Formatting details like font type, size, spacing and page margins are also defined.
This document is a project report submitted by 6 students for their Bachelor of Engineering degree. It describes the design and fabrication of a hydraulic sheet metal punching machine using leverage principles. The report contains 4 chapters that introduce hydraulics systems and components, describe punching machines, present the design of the machine parts, and include drawings of the machine assembly. It was guided by a professor and submitted to fulfill degree requirements.
25 best mechanical engineering interview questions and answers pdf free downloadTanveer Hussain
This document contains 25 interview questions and answers related to mechanical engineering. Some key topics covered include safety precautions in workshops, thermodynamics vs heat transfer, stress vs strain, Newton's laws of motion, and definitions of concepts like torque, power, and fuel ratio. The questions aim to assess a candidate's knowledge of fundamental mechanical engineering concepts as well as their project experience and safety awareness.
This Presentation has been presented in the Choice 2010 counseling event for IIT/NIT aspirants. In this presentation, Mr.P.Venugopal ( Director, Defence Research and Development Laboratories, India) explains the potential of Mechanical Engineering and various career opportunities that are available for students.
The document discusses stress concentration and fatigue failure in machine elements. It defines stress concentration as irregular stress distribution caused by abrupt changes in cross-section shape. Stress concentration factors are introduced to quantify the maximum stress compared to nominal stress. The document also discusses endurance limit and fatigue strength testing methods. Factors that affect fatigue strength like material properties, surface finish, size and temperature are summarized. Methods to evaluate and reduce stress concentration in designs are provided.
This presentation is an examination of structural repair of aircraft. It details the goals, regulations and classification of repairs for different types of aircraft damage.
The paper that this presentation is based on was presented by Dr. Kishore Brahma of the AXISCADES Engineering Core Group at the International Conference & Exhibition on Fatigue, Durability & Fracture Mechanics (FatigueDurabilityIndia2015) in Bangalore from 28-30th May 2015.
Evolution of CAD/CAM and CIM, computers and workstation, elements of interactive
graphics, input/ out put display, storage devices in CAD, – networking of CAD systems -
2D Graphics: line drawing algorithms, DDA line algorithm – circle drawing,
bressnham`s circle drawing algorithm– 2D Transformation: translation, rotation, scaling,
reflection – clipping -3D Graphics (basic only).
Machine design possible interview questionsDr. Ramesh B
The document discusses ISO quality standards and their applications. ISO-9001 applies to design, development, production and servicing. ISO-9002 is for production and servicing, and ISO-9003 is for final inspection and testing. It also provides definitions and applications of various mechanical engineering terms related to machine elements, materials, design, analysis and computer-aided design.
Fatigue Analysis of Structures (Aerospace Application)Mahdi Damghani
This document provides an introduction to fatigue analysis of aerospace structures. It discusses key topics including stress-life analysis methods, S-N curves, stress concentration factors, notch sensitivity, and fatigue failure locations. Examples of fatigue critical locations in aircraft components like flaps, struts, and baffle panels are also shown. The document concludes with examples calculating stresses, stress ratios, and fatigue life based on the stress-life approach.
The document contains 38 questions related to machine design. The questions cover topics such as standardization of sizes, tolerances, fits, design of joints, shafts, levers, frames and other machine elements. Design calculations are required to determine dimensions that satisfy given loading and stress criteria. Materials, their properties and appropriate factors of safety are provided. References for solutions and examples are given from standard machine design textbooks.
The document discusses reliability centered maintenance of an electric motor powering a water pump station. It provides information on the motor components and common failure modes. Bearings experience over 40% of failures mostly due to improper lubrication. Statos and rotors also commonly fail due to overheating, corrosion, or contamination. The document analyzes the risks of each component using an RPN analysis. It recommends monitoring components using vibration analysis and infrared thermography to detect issues early and lower maintenance costs. Implementing preventative maintenance and inspections was expected to reduce the total risk by 60%.
Morphing of Aircraft Wings
This document discusses morphing technology for aircraft wings. Morphing allows wings to change shape to better match flight conditions. It can improve performance, efficiency, and adaptability. Wing morphing technologies include folding, sweeping, extending wings, and changing camber. This allows control of wing area, aspect ratio, and sweep angle. Shape memory alloys are used for actuation components. Advantages of morphing wings include improved performance, control, stealth, reduced drag and weight. Challenges remain in developing morphing wing technologies that can withstand flight conditions.
This document provides a basic introduction to the fundamentals of flight, including the four forces of flight and explanations of lift. It discusses Newton's Laws of Motion and Bernoulli's Principle and how they relate to the generation of lift on airplane wings. It also describes basic airplane control surfaces like the elevator, ailerons, and rudder and how they control pitch, roll, and yaw. Interactive elements demonstrate wing shapes and how aircraft can fly inverted. Overall, the document covers aerodynamic concepts and forces essential to understanding how airplanes are able to fly.
1) A scramjet engine is a type of air-breathing jet engine that uses supersonic combustion of air and fuel. Unlike ramjets, the airflow inside a scramjet remains supersonic during the entire combustion process.
2) Scramjets have no moving parts and rely solely on the high speed of flight to compress incoming air before combustion. They are designed to operate at hypersonic speeds above Mach 5.
3) The key components of a scramjet are a converging inlet, combustor where fuel burns supersonically, and diverging nozzle to accelerate the exhaust. Scramjets offer higher specific impulse than rockets but are difficult and expensive to develop and test due to
This document provides an overview of ANSYS Workbench software for structural and thermal analysis. It describes the user interface, types of analysis available including linear static, modal, heat transfer and buckling. It outlines the steps to set up a static structural analysis including importing geometry, applying materials, meshing, boundary conditions and solving. License types are also summarized. The goal is to teach the basics of using simulation capabilities in ANSYS Workbench.
This document discusses applications of the finite element method (FEM) in three categories: equilibrium problems, eigenvalue problems, and propagation problems. It provides examples of how FEM is used across various engineering disciplines, including civil engineering structures, aircraft structures, heat conduction, geotechnics, fluid mechanics, nuclear engineering, biomechanics, mechanical design, and electromagnetics. Specific applications mentioned include static structural analysis, modal analysis, heat transfer problems, soil-structure interaction, fluid flow modeling, reactor component analysis, implant design, fracture mechanics, and electric machine modeling.
The document discusses stress concentration and fatigue failure in machine elements. It defines stress concentration as the localization of high stresses due to irregularities or abrupt changes in cross-section. Stress concentration can be reduced by avoiding sharp changes in cross-section and providing fillets and chamfers. Fatigue failure occurs when fluctuating stresses cause cracks over numerous load cycles. The endurance limit is the maximum stress amplitude that causes failure after an infinite number of cycles. Factors like stress concentration, surface finish, size, and mean stress affect the endurance limit. Designs should minimize stress raisers and protect against corrosion to prevent fatigue failures.
Ix instructions for using the templatecomment by gcu remove tRIYAN43
This document provides instructions for using the Grand Canyon University dissertation template. It outlines general formatting guidelines including using 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and 1-inch margins. It emphasizes following all template styles and directions. The document describes features of the template like comment bubbles, styles, and footers. It provides recommendations for successfully using the template such as carefully reading sections, following APA guidelines, and properly naming and versioning files. Finally, it includes a section on the template's ten strategic points for defining the research focus.
The document provides guidelines for preparing an industrial internship report for the B.Tech Computer Science program at VIT University. It specifies the required report structure and formatting guidelines. The report should include sections like the cover page, declaration, bonafide certificate, acknowledgements, abstract, table of contents, chapters on the existing system, proposed work, implementation, results and conclusion. It provides examples of the cover page, declaration and bonafide certificate. Formatting details like font type, size, spacing and page margins are also defined.
THIS PAPER IS TO BE USED AS YOUR GUIDE TO HELP YOU PUT TOGETHER THTakishaPeck109
THIS PAPER IS TO BE USED AS YOUR GUIDE TO HELP YOU PUT TOGETHER THE DISCUSSION FOR THIS WEEKS LESSON PLEASE LOOK BACK AT YOUR INSTRUCTION AND READING MATERIAL TO HELP YOU……THANKS
Week 6 Discussion 1 Ethics
Human experimentation is an ethical issue that exists in criminal justice research. It was
not uncommon for the military to use its own crew members as volunteers for experiments
regarding chemical warfare. In 1944, there was a young Navy man that was subjected to rigorous
testing of chemical agents that yield adverse reactions to his body both internally and externally,
(pcrm.org, n. d.).
The ACJS Code of Ethics would have prevented such brutal treatment of a test subject.
First, full disclosure between the subject and researcher should be completely understood and
full permission must be given prior to experimenting. Minimal harm to the subject is also an
ethical aim when it comes to subjecting people to experimentation. Researchers should inform
participants about any aspects of the research that might change a person’s mind about
participating, such as physical risks, discomfort, and/or unpleasant emotional experiences.
Those found in violation of the ACJS Code of Ethics could result in sanctions all the way
to termination of membership. Basically, all you must do is be a decent human being when
conducting research like one should in everyday life. If decency is a guiding force, ethical issues
won’t be an issue.
References
Pcrm.org staffers, (n. d.). Human experimentation: an introduction to the ethical issues.
Retrieved from http://www.pcrm.org/research/healthcare-professionals/researchcompendium/human-experimentation-an-introduction-to-the
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING THE TEMPLATE
General Information
The GCU dissertation template is designed to make the task of writing your dissertation as straightforward as possible. The basic guidelines for completing the proposal/dissertation manuscript are contained in this template. Please note that dissertation requirements may change over time as new designs, types of analyses and research paradigms enter the research literature. As such, it is possible that the template contains omissions, inconsistencies, or minor errors. In service to addressing these potential issues, the dissertation template is updated on a regular basis. As an independent doctoral level researcher, it is your responsibility to check regularly for template updates and to use the most current version of the template. If you need clarification or have questions, please contact your chair.
All template formatting directions must be followed, and all rubric requirements must be satisfied or addressed. There are many important instructions in the text that describes most sections. The template includes many “bubble comments” that appear in a special margin on the far right of the document. To make sure you can see these comments, choose the Review menu tab from the Word ribbon (top of the page), and in the Tracking group ma ...
This document provides an overview and introduction to the 5th edition of the AIAA Aerospace Design Engineers Guide. It discusses the guide's purpose of providing commonly used engineering reference data and general reference information for aerospace design disciplines. It also outlines some key systems engineering concepts for design engineers to consider, including understanding customer needs, developing a concept of operations, reviewing requirements for completeness, and using trade study methods to develop the product design.
This document provides an overview of technical editing. It discusses the general procedure for editing technical documents, which involves analyzing the purpose, audience, and format of the materials; evaluating if they are appropriate; setting objectives and planning; reviewing with the author; making edits; and evaluating the outcome. It also discusses editor-client contracts, different levels of edit (consistency and correctness, visual readability, and content and structure), and the importance of using style guides and creating a style sheet when editing technical materials.
According to an article published in Forbes in 2010, the 10 essent.docxnettletondevon
The document discusses the requirements for a project that involves analyzing the layout and effectiveness of websites for different product types based on 10 essential elements of an effective website. It provides 4 questions to evaluate the overall effectiveness of the websites visited, requiring a minimum 2-page double-spaced response referencing additional sources in APA style.
This document provides guidelines for writing and submitting the final year project report for the Department of Mechanical Engineering at NED University of Engineering & Technology. It outlines the requirements for report length, paper, printing, grammar, and formatting. A Microsoft Word template is available to assist with formatting requirements for the title page, certificate page, table of contents, references, and other sections. The guidelines specify how to use styles and fields in the template to automatically generate these sections. The report must be submitted in a box file with binding and spine labeling following the specified format.
1 mime 1650 materials science & engineering spring 2abhi353063
This document provides guidelines for laboratory reports for a Materials Science and Engineering course. It outlines the required sections and content for the report, including an objective, abstract, introduction, methodology, procedure, data, results, discussion and conclusion, and references. The report should concisely document the experiment in a clear, well-organized manner so that readers understand what was done and the outcomes. Tables, graphs and other visuals must be professionally presented and labeled for clarity. The report allows engineers to communicate their work to others.
Guidelines for making project...........viggy vanshi
This document provides guidelines for preparing a project report for a BBA/CAM program, including:
1) The required sections and their order;
2) Page dimensions and binding specifications;
3) Formatting requirements for sections like the cover page, table of contents, references, etc.
It specifies the font, spacing, and formatting for each section, and provides examples of content for sections like the abstract, objectives, methodology, conclusions. Overall, the guidelines aim to standardize the structure, formatting, and presentation of information in project reports.
For the recipe below adjust the recipe from 17 gallons to 70 gal.docxmecklenburgstrelitzh
For the recipe below adjust the recipe from 17 gallons to 70 gallons. Convert all ingredients to pounds (show work) before applying the percentage. Report the percentage; you can do this in decimals. Report the adjusted ingredients in pounds and oz. Example 1.5 pounds = 1 pound and 8 oz.
There are 111 oz in a 10# can of tomato paste
Yield: 17 gallons (one gallon = 42 3 oz servings)
Ground Beef, fine 85/15
8, 10 pounds chubs
Flour
9 1/2 C
Corn Starch
5 pounds
Chili Powder, ground
7 C
Cumin, ground
1 1/2 C
Black Pepper, ground
3/4 C
Onion Poser
7 C
Salt
1 C
Garlic Powder
2 1/2 C
Tomato Paste
3, 10# Can
Water
8 gal
MN610Virtual Private NetworksPage 3 of total pages
Assessment Details and Submission Guidelines
Trimester
T2, 2018
Unit Code
MN610
Unit Title
Virtual Private Networks
Assessment Author
Dr Ammar Alazab
Assessment Type
Individual (Assignment 1)
Assessment Title
Assignment 1 – VPN Technologies and Security issues
Unit Learning Outcomes covered in this assessment
Students should be able to demonstrate their achievements in the following unit learning outcomes:
a. Analyse and discuss the significance of VPN for contemporary organisations and how it addresses their concerns and security issues.
b.Explain the role of VPN, its limitations and works done to address these limitations as well as to supporting the security of businesses and corporations
Weight
15% of Total Assessment
Total Marks
100
Word limit
See instructions
Due Date
6:00 PM, Wednesday 29 August 2018 (Week 7)
Submission Guidelines
· All work must be submitted on Moodle by the due date along with a completed Assignment Cover Page.
· The assignment must be in MS Word format, 1.5 spacing, 11-pt Calibri (Body) font and 2 cm margins on all four sides of your page with appropriate section headings.
· Reference sources must be cited in the text of the report, and listed appropriately at the end in a reference list using APA or IEEE referencing style for School of Business and School of Information Technology and Engineering respectively.
Extension
· If an extension of time to submit work is required, a Special Consideration Application must be submitted directly to the School's Administration Officer, in Melbourne on Level 6 or in Sydney on Level 7. You must submit this application three working days prior to the due date of the assignment. Further information is available at:
http://www.mit.edu.au/about-mit/institute-publications/policies-procedures-and-guidelines/specialconsiderationdeferment
Academic Misconduct
· Academic Misconduct is a serious offence. Depending on the seriousness of the case, penalties can vary from a written warning or zero marks to exclusion from the course or rescinding the degree. Students should make themselves familiar with the full policy and procedure available at:http://www.mit.edu.au/about-mit/institute-publications/policies-procedures-and-guidelines/Plagiarism-Academic-Misconduct-Policy-Procedure.For further information, please r.
The document discusses assessing technical and user documentation for a web development and database administration course. It defines documentation and its purposes, and describes the types of documentation including user documentation and technical documentation. User documentation aims to assist end-users, while technical documentation provides details for development teams. The document also covers reviewing documentation for accuracy, completeness, conciseness and quality; types of documentation reviews; and the documentation review process.
Technical writing focuses on providing information to users to help them complete tasks and operate products. Technical writers work with other professionals to ensure documentation meets user needs. They produce various types of documents, including user manuals, reports, websites, and training materials. The training program covers principles of technical writing like structuring documents and using tools. It teaches writing, editing, graphics, and advanced concepts over 40 hours through online and classroom sessions. The syllabus includes topics like the writing process, editing, graphics, tools, and writing for different industries. The program provides a certificate upon completion and resume and placement assistance.
The document provides a comprehensive checklist for documentation development that includes gathering requirements, analysis and planning, documentation, and review stages. It details important questions to ask stakeholders like subject matter experts, project managers, development and QA teams, and clients. These include understanding the product, target audience, documentation scope and format, and establishing deadlines. The checklist also covers documentation best practices like writing style, formatting elements, and review processes to ensure quality.
This document provides a template for a project proposal abstract that must be followed. The abstract will guide the student and professor throughout the semester and be reviewed during weekly meetings. It includes sections for an introduction establishing the research problem and objectives, a technical description of the proposed solution, a project plan with milestones and deliverables for each week of the semester, and references. The current version of the abstract should be brought to weekly meetings for review and potential revision.
This document provides a template for documenting a software architecture according to the SEI "Views and Beyond" method. The template includes placeholders and instructions for documenting the purpose, organization, viewpoints, views, relationships between views, and other typical sections of an architecture description. It aims to help users create consistent and readable architecture documentation for their system.
This document provides a template and instructions for creating a requirements document for a software project. It outlines a typical structure, including an introduction with the purpose and scope, a general description of the product and users, specific requirements divided into user, system and interface sections, and appendices for additional reference materials. The template is meant to guide development of the project requirements through draft, proposed, validated and approved stages.
AssignmentYou are employed by a consulting company. Your company.docxnormanibarber20063
Assignment
You are employed by a consulting company. Your company has recently been approached by a European company that is looking for new business opportunities overseas. One option that has been suggested to the board of directors is the mobile telecomindustry in South Africa. Your task is to evaluate the attractiveness of this industry. You are required therefore to carry out the necessary research to construct an analysis of the overall competitiveness and investment attractiveness of South African mobile telecom industry. You should use a range of published sources of information in this task, such as books, academic journals, periodicals, web resources and relevant databases.
Part 1: Porter’s National Diamond Analysis (2160 words)
Apply the extended version of Porter’s National Diamond (PND) model to the of South African mobile telecom industry
· Insert diagram with summary of analysis; stating clear the (+) and (-)
· DO NOT change the diagram/arrows
· Use each condition of the model as a header, use sub-headers when necessary
· Analyse each condition with relevance to the industry
· Ensure points are relevant.
· Use table, charts, diagrams when necessary.
· State your sources clearly.
Part 2: Market Entry Strategy (720 words)
Based on your research and analysis of the country’s institutional environment, discuss the advantages and limitations of using Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as an entry strategy for South African mobile telecom industry. You need to evaluate at least two relevant market entry modes and provide a clear recommendation.
· Discuss 2 Foreign Direct Investment (FDIs) on its advantages & limitations.
· Select & recommend 1 FDI based on your analysis in Part 1.
· If Joint Venture or Acquisition -> recommend a South African company & justify why
· If Greenfield -> recommend location & justify why
Part 3: Contemporary Management Issues (720 words)
Discuss TWO key management issues identified from your analysis (Part 1 and Part 2) that should be taken into account before starting operations in South African mobile telecom industry.
· Problem faced when operating in South Africa,
· Regulation
· Culture
PrintProgram Evaluation Proposal Scoring Guide
Program Evaluation Proposal Scoring Guide
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SAE Paper Style Guide
1. SAE Technical Paper Style Guide
Version: 3.0-July 3, 2013
Introduction
The purpose of this Style Guide is to facilitate the writing of high quality SAE technical papers. In general, the
guidelines presented here follow the advice of the Chicago Manual of Style, and in the case of missing or
unclear guidelines, defer to that manual.
A companion document, the SAE Technical Paper Template1 provides a starting point for writing SAE papers.
The SAE Technical Paper Template is to be used for submission of your draft and final manuscripts. The
purpose of the template is to guide authors in applying styles to identify or tag each of the document’s
elements (an element is defined as anything that needs a style tag applied such as a heading, figure, equation,
table title, etc.) as required for electronic publishing. In addition, correctly applying the style tags creates a
document suitably formatted for the paper review process.
With SAE’s electronic publishing process, final formatting of technical papers is the exclusive responsibility of
the publisher (SAE). SAE will publish all papers in the classic two column format. SAE’s electronic publishing
strategy reflects the dominant popularity of Microsoft Word software.
This Style Guide is divided into the following sections:
• Section 1, General Guidelines, presents instructions that apply to the entire technical paper.
• Section 2, Sections of an SAE Technical Paper, identifies the mandatory and optional sections that make
up an SAE technical paper and provides instructions for each.
• Section 3, Other Elements of an SAE Technical Paper, covers figures, equations, and more.
• Section 4, Styles of the SAE Technical Paper Template, lists the Template styles that are used to tag and
format each of the technical paper sections.
• Appendix A, Sample References, contains a table of sample references for a range of source types.
• Appendix A, Color Guidelines.
This Style Guide primarily covers the writing process. Details concerning the next step—the submission and
approval process—can be found at http://volunteers.sae.org/#authors. The site includes an author checklist
and tutorial, a list of Frequently Asked Questions, the Technical Paper Template, and this Style Guide. Frequent
updates are likely, so please always check for new versions of these files when beginning a new technical
paper. Questions and comments can be emailed to techpaper@sae.org.
1
Two versions of the Template are provided: one is a Word 2003 file and the other is a Word 2007 file. Both
versions are Word for Windows files, but they also can be opened on Macintosh machines for those using
Word 2004 or Word 2008. Find the Templates at http://volunteers.sae.org/#authors.
2. SAE Technical Paper Style Guide
1 General Guidelines
1.1 Quality Standards
All SAE papers should be in review-ready form at the time of
submission. The formal review process will determine paper
publishability based on the following six Judgment Bases (further
details at
http://volunteers.sae.org/volunteers/judgmentbases.htm):
•
•
•
•
•
•
Quality of data and validity of analytical techniques;
Long-term reference value;
Technically new, innovative, or a constructive review;
Professional integrity;
Clear presentation;
Soundness of conclusions.
Papers should be written in an objective, formal, and impersonal
style. The body of the text should be organized to reflect natural
groupings of information into categories which flow from one to
the other. Good headings will naturally evolve from a good
technical paper outline.
SAE does not restrict the number of pages for a technical paper,
although the average technical paper has fewer than 12 pages in
two-column format. The length of any technical paper should be
sufficient to explain the methodology used to obtain the
supporting evidence, and sufficient to prove all stated
conclusions. The organizer has the authority to instruct the
author on the content and quantity of information needed.
1.2 Language
Considerations
Page 2 of 16
Standard rules for written English should be followed in the text
of the paper. U.S. or UK rules are acceptable, but either must be
applied consistently, not mixed. Standard grammar will ensure
that the paper is easily understood by a wide audience including
those who do not use English as a primary language. Spell-check
and grammar-check software can be used to inspect the written
text but is not a substitute for a thorough review. Reviews by
non-authors fluent in English is one way to check the grammar
in the paper, but must be completed prior to the SAE peerreview process. (Official reviewers and organizers cannot be
expected to provide this service.) The complexity of the
technical subject is never an excuse to avoid following these
guidelines. Also, an author’s difficulty with technical writing
should not be a reason to relax these standards. A good
question to ask is, “Would a person unfamiliar with this subject
be able to read the paper and understand the general theme?”.
3. SAE Technical Paper Style Guide
1.3 Examples of
Unacceptable Text
Editorial comments, such as: “The jet aircraft costs $5,500,000.
This is a substantial sum of money despite the casualness with
which million-dollar sums are bandied about these days.”
Personal history: “The first military pre-stressing problem that
came to my desk was in 1938 in connection with a request from
the Army that we increase the displacement of its truck
engines.”
Unsubstantiated sweeping statements: “I believe I can safely say
that practically every failure of a new or retreaded jet tire,
where the cause could be ascertained, has proved to be the
result of a manufacturing error.”
Commercialism or advertising: “Tests on XYZ Corporation’s
SuperProduct 1000 have demonstrated the superior quality of
our product.”
1.4 Units of Measure
The long-term goal for SAE is international communication with
minimal effort and confusion. Therefore, the use of S.I. units in
all technical publications and presentations is preferred. SAE
International will strive toward universal usage of S.I. units and
will encourage their use whenever appropriate.
However, SAE International also recognizes that sectors of the
mobility market do not yet use S.I. units because of tradition,
regulatory language, or other reasons. Mandating the use of S.I.
units in these cases will impede rather than facilitate technical
communication. Therefore, it is the policy to allow non-S.I. units
and dual dimensioning where communication will be enhanced.
This shall not be viewed as an avenue to circumvent the longterm goal of 100 percent S.I. usage.
1.5 Tagging/Formatting
As mentioned in the Introduction, the SAE Technical Paper
Template provides styles to be applied to each element of the
technical paper. Applying a style both tags (electronically
identifies) and formats the element. Although authors may wish
to adjust font and layout characteristics to their liking, this will
have no effect on the appearance of the final published paper
since final formatting is controlled by SAE’s electronic publishing
process. SAE will publish all papers in the classic two-column
format.
Details of which SAE Technical Paper Template style to apply to
which paper element are presented in the Style Guide, Section
3. Throughout this Guide, square brackets are used to identify
Template styles, e.g., [Head1] and [Normal]. For more
information about using Microsoft Word styles, please refer to
instructions available within the application or at Microsoft
Page 3 of 16
4. SAE Technical Paper Style Guide
internet sites: http://www.microsoft.com/mac/videos.mspx for
Macintosh Word 2008 and http://office.microsoft.com/enus/word/HA102308821033.aspx for Windows Word 2007.
Instructions for older Word versions are available as well at
Microsoft sites. The use of style tags is useful for two primary
reasons. First, a manuscript with style tags applied is easier for a
reviewer to follow the flow of the paper during the review
process. Second, style tags also assist during the publishing
process.
1.6 Review Process
1.7 Copyright Permission
The review process is a critical part of the SAE technical paper
approval process. Reviewers provide constructive feedback to
the author so that the paper will have greater acceptance when
published. Authors are required to respond to reviewer
comments and/or modify the paper as necessary to address
reviewer concerns. The final acceptance of the paper is at the
discretion of the session organizers, who take into account
reviewer recommendations both before and after revisions.
Further details of the review process are available in the Author
Orientation Module at http://volunteers.sae.org/#authors.
Authors must request permission to use copyrighted material in
their SAE papers. If the author uses material from another
source in an SAE paper he is required to obtain permission to use
the material in his paper. The author must also ask the copyright
holder how they wish to be referenced in the paper and include
that attribution. A Copyright Permission Form for this purpose is
located at http://volunteers.sae.org/#authors
2 Sections of an SAE Technical Paper
SAE Technical Papers contain the mandatory and optional sections listed in Table 1. The order in the table is
the same as the order of sections in the paper. For each section, the table indicates whether it is mandatory,
and what Template style should be applied to text in that section. Also included are additional instructions for
each section. Further information about the use of Template styles is presented in the Style Guide, Section 5.
Note that all sections except the first 3 include both a heading plus text. For example, the 5th section begins
with the heading Introduction followed by the introductory text. To tag (and format) the section headings,
apply the [Head1] style. Certain sections (Introduction, Body, Summary/Conclusions, and Appendices) may be
structured with subsections—for those, apply [Head2] through [Head4] styles as appropriate. Note also that
the Body section does not use the term Body as a top-level heading, but rather uses appropriate topical titles
for all levels of headings. Finally, it is important to note that the styles to be applied to section text vary from
section to section—Table 1 specifies the proper text styles to use. For a visual example of the proper layout of
paper sections, examine the SAE Template document.
Please note this important detail concerning the paper submission process: Do not add author and affiliation
areas when submitting your final manuscripts as this information will be pulled from MyTechZone during the
Page 4 of 16
5. SAE Technical Paper Style Guide
publishing process. Therefore it is important that the information on the participant tab in MyTechZone be
correct when submitting the final manuscript. For purposes of final publication, MyTechZone is considered the
authoritative source for the author/co-authors, affiliations, and author order. In contrast, the submitted paper
is the authoritative source for the title and abstract.
Table 1 – Technical Paper Sections, Text Style and Instructions
Order
Section Name
Mandatory
Text Style
Instructions
1
Paper Number
Yes
[Paper
Number]
Papers reviewed and accepted are assigned a paper
number, e.g. 2013-01-0661. This final paper number
can be retrieved from MyTechZone once the paper
has been officially approved for publication by the
session organizer. The website will also send an
automated email that includes the final paper
number. Affix this number to the top of the first
page of the paper and apply the [Paper Number]
style.
2
Title
Yes
[Title]
The paper title should accurately but briefly describe
the focus of the work presented. Capitalize major
words including nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs,
adverbs, and conjunctions (except those
conjunctions listed below). Also capitalize each word
of a hyphenated phrase. Use lowercase letters for
articles (a, the); prepositions (after, under, between,
etc.); the conjunctions and, or, but, for; and the
words to and as. The title cannot contain footnotes.
3
Author List
(including order)
Yes
[Author]
Do NOT enter information into these sections. This
information will be pulled from the Participant Tab
in MyTechZone. Please ensure MyTechZone
contains the current author information including
affiliation(s) and author order.
Affiliation
[Affiliation]
4
Abstract
Yes
[Normal]
The purpose of the abstract is to enable potential
readers to determine whether or not the paper
contains material of interest to them. It should
include what new data, conclusions, or perspective
the reader will find, followed by a brief statement of
the significance of this new material. The abstract
should be self-contained and coherently
independent of the rest of the document. The
abstract MUST be no more than 250 words and
cannot contain footnotes.
5
Introduction
Yes
[Normal]
A good introduction:
• describes the overall issue being addressed and
why it is important;
Page 5 of 16
6. SAE Technical Paper Style Guide
Table 1 – Technical Paper Sections, Text Style and Instructions
Order
Section Name
Mandatory
Text Style
Instructions
•
•
6
Body
Yes
[Normal]
(This is the main
body of the paper
covering
measurements,
analysis, findings
but there is no
section specifically
titled “Body”.)
states the scope and goals of the work;
provides background material (including a
survey of relevant prior work) to bring the
intended audience up to speed;
• orients the reader by outlining the
organizational structure of the paper.
The body of the paper should include a detailed and
structured description of the work performed,
including (as appropriate) methodology,
assumptions, hardware, observations, analysis, and
a comparison of results with prior work. The
information presented must be self-contained (in
the sense that the reader is not assumed to have
read prior papers) and provide an appropriate level
of detail for the intended audience. Define all terms
at first usage and apply them consistently.
The body section is not entitled Body. Rather it
comprises multiple sections and subsections titled
using topical headings in a four-level structure.
Template styles [Head1] through [Head4] are used
to tag and format titles of the different levels. No
specific heading titles are mandated, but common
examples include Methods, Results, and Discussion.
7
Summary/
Conclusions
Yes
[Normal]
The summary and/or conclusions are counterparts
to the introductory statements: there was a specific
problem, an investigation was conducted, these
results were obtained, and this is what it means. The
section may also suggest future follow-up work.
Every technical paper should have a summary, but
the nature of the paper may make conclusions
inappropriate
8
References
Yes
[Listordered]
Literature references corresponding to citations in
the body of the paper are assembled in the
References section in numerical order and
tagged/formatted with the [List-Ordered] style.
Rules for referencing different types of sources are
presented in the Style Guide, Appendix A.
Instructions for inserting citations into the body of
the paper are provided in the Style Guide, Section 3.
9
Contact
Information
No
[Normal]
Contact details for the corresponding author may
include mailing address, email address, and/or
telephone number (whichever is deemed
Page 6 of 16
7. SAE Technical Paper Style Guide
Table 1 – Technical Paper Sections, Text Style and Instructions
Order
Section Name
Mandatory
Text Style
Instructions
appropriate).
10
Acknowledgements
No
[Normal]
Credit can be given here to non-authors who
contributed to the work.
11
Definitions/
Abbreviations
No
[Definition
Term] and
[Definition]
If it will assist the reader, include a list of terms and
abbreviations with definitions. The term or
abbreviation is tagged with the [Definition Term]
style, and the definition text is tagged with the
[Definition] style. Do not capitalize the term unless it
is an acronym or proper noun.
12
Appendices
No
[Normal]
Any bulk of information that interrupts the flow of
thought in the paper would best be placed in an
appendix. Examples include large tables, large
images, or long mathematical derivations. The
reactions of reviewers can be a guide to what
interferes with the reader’s easy grasp of the paper.
Multiple appendices can be included and are titled
sequentially as follows:
Appendix A: Title, Appendix B: Title, etc.
Appendices can be structured using the same
subsection headings and formatting used in other
sections of the paper. When labeling figures, tables
and equations within an appendix, restart the
numbering in each appendix and prefix the number
with the letter of the appendix, e.g., Figure A7 or Eq.
(A1). The appendix is one-column.
3 Other Elements of an SAE Technical Paper
3.1 Figures
Controlling the flow of text around figures is now the responsibility of SAE (see Style Guide Section 1).
Authors should insert figures and captions inline at the end of the paragraph where the figure(s) is
referenced, in a way that enhances readability for the reviewers. The author may also choose to position
images at the end of the paper with appropriate captions. Figures are tagged/formatted by applying the
[Figure] style of the Template.
Page 7 of 16
8. SAE Technical Paper Style Guide
Figure 1. This is an example of a figure and figure caption. The sample figure has been sized to 3.5-inches wide which is the
recommended size. The caption is 8 point Arial, SAE Blue font. The figure and caption is left justified.
SAE technical papers follow the publishing standard for a two-column format. Authors are urged to size
their figures for a two-column width (3 ½ -inches ). Resolution of the images should be at least 300 dotsper-inch at the intended publication size. Any text included in figures should be 8 point Arial.
Each figure should consist of only a single component. If a figure with multiple images is desired, use a
graphics/image editor to combine the images, plus all overlays, labels, or notes, into a single image or file
before inserting into the paper. This will ensure that components of a figure do not wander when
published in different formats. Word’s Insert Picture command can be used to insert figures, but make
sure to set the Text Wrapping style to Inline with Text. Further instructions are available by searching in
Microsoft Word Help for inline picture.
Each figure must be properly labeled with a caption placed on the line following the figure and
tagged/formatted with the [Figure Caption] style. Do not use Word’s Insert TextBox tool. Do not include
the caption within the figure/image. Consecutive figure numbers precede the captions.
SAE can accept many electronic figure formats. Vector-based images (EPS, SVG, WMF) and pixel-based
images (TIF, JPG, PNG, BMP, GIF) at a minimum resolution of 300 DPI (dots per inch) are acceptable. SAE
recommends that authors provide high quality images whenever available (original image resolution and
dimensions). SAE will convert these as necessary for online presentation.
The use of color in figures is encouraged since readers with access to SAE’s online publications will be able
to view color content and download color PDFs. SAE has refreshed our visual identity to reinforce our
position as a global leader. To visually express our brand correctly and consistently we ask that when
creating your color graphics that you adhere to our color palette which is described in Appendix B.
Keep in mind that in SAE printed publications, papers will appear in grayscale. For this reason, please be
sure that selected colors are distinguishable when converted to grayscale during printing. Alternatively,
employ distinct symbols or labels to differentiate data.
3.2 Tables
Tables have a title rather than a caption, positioned above the table. The title is prefaced by a table
number (e.g., Table 1) and is tagged/formatted using the [Table Title] style. The table itself is formatted by
applying one of Word’s Table Styles. Preferred styles include the following: [Borderless Table], [Borderless
Page 8 of 16
9. SAE Technical Paper Style Guide
Table Center], [Table Grid], and [Table Grid Center]. Borderless styles are useful for situations requiring
text alignment. Text within a table should be Arial 7 point.
Table 1. This is an example of a table and table title. For tables, the recommended size is 3.5 inches. The title is 8 point Arial, SAE
Blue font. The table and table title are left justified.
Displaced volume
1966 cc
Stroke
154 mm
Bore
127.5 mm
Connecting Rod
255 mm
Compression ratio
14.3:1
Number of Valves
4
Exhaust Valve Open
34° BBDC @ 0.15 mm lift
Exhaust Valve Close
6° BTDC @ 0.15 mm lift
Inlet Valve Open
2° BTDC @ 0.15 mm lift
SAE will publish in the classic two-column format. Authors are encouraged to size tables to match the twocolumn width ( 3 ½ -inches ). A table wider than 7 inches can be attached as an Appendix.
Do not use tabs in a table because they will not be retained when the content is converted to XML. Use
borderless tables to properly align text when necessary. Do not wrap text around tables or images. If call
outs, text boxes, and/or image overlays are necessary in the table, use an image/graphics editor to
combine all elements with the table and save everything as a single image before inserting into the paper.
3.3 Equations
The preferred method of creating equations is MicroSoft Word Equation Editor. Cutting an equation from
an alternative equation editor and then pasting as a graphic is also permissible, but has the disadvantage
of disabling future electronic publishing capabilities. A final option is to create and paste MathML
equations (using MathType for example), an approach that retains all the benefits of XML objects.
Shown below are examples of equations. All equations wider than 3.5 inches must be wrapped to the
next line as shown in equation (2).
(1)
ΔK aero _ f (0) = −
+
1 ∂Faero _ y ∂M aero _ z
lr
+
2l
∂β
∂β
ΔK aero _ r (0) = −
+
1 ∂K f
Laero _ f +
2 ∂W f
l f
l
l K − mV 2
r r
K f
1 ∂K r
Laero _ r +
2 ∂Wr
1 ∂Faero _ y ∂M aero _ z
l f
−
2l
∂β
∂β
1
l lr
K − mV 2 l K r
f
r
(2)
Page 9 of 16
10. SAE Technical Paper Style Guide
If necessary, break long equations before an operational sign or a major bracket. If it is necessary to break
an equation do so at an operational sign or major bracket followed by three dots (ellipsis). On the second
line of the equation begin by repeating the same operator that you broke after and then align the first and
second lines by aligning the first character of the second line. Enter equations on separate lines and apply
the [Equation] style which will center the equations.
Number equations consecutively with the number enclosed in parentheses and following the equation on
the same line (right justifying the numbers is not required). Equation numbering continues across the main
body sections without restarting, except in appendices (see Style Guide, Section 3). Note that simple
equations may be incorporated into the text without numbering.
References to the equations can be abbreviated as follows (except at the beginning of a sentence): Eq. (7).
If possible, the typeface and type style of symbols placed in the text should match those of the equations
(achieved by applying e.g., [Symbol] or [Emphasis-Italic] styles).
3.4 Citations
Citing other work is the standard method of authenticating data, crediting other workers in the field, and
guiding the reader to supplementary information. Authors are strongly encouraged to recognize and cite
relevant publications outside of their own work and institutions to create more comprehensive
manuscripts with greater long-term reference value. Authors should avoid referencing material posted on
the internet, unless the material is truly archival, as is the case for most online journals.
In the body of the report, citations are numerically identified using square brackets inserted in the text, as
in [1, 2] or [1,2,3]. They are numbered sequentially in the order of first appearance. The citations are
resolved as literature references in the References section of the paper, as described in Style Guide Section
2, Table 1.
3.5 Page Numbers
Insertion of temporary page numbers in the footer is helpful during the review process. Please remove
page numbers before submitting your final manuscript.
3.6 Supplementary Electronic Content
SAE recognizes the opportunity to include alternative electronic content to support and enhance SAE
online technical publications. The list of acceptable content types is evolving, but initially SAE will accept
audio/video files in MPG format and Microsoft Excel spreadsheets in native format. For future
consideration of other multimedia file types, please send suggestions to techpaper@sae.org.
Note that binary computer programs are not currently acceptable as supplementary content. Note
however that text versions of such programs can be included as an attachment. Apply the [Monotype]
style to control spacing and character alignment.
All supplementary content should be submitted as an attachment using Microsoft Word’s Insert Object
tool to insert supplementary files at the end of the technical paper. Be sure to select the Display as Icon
checkbox. Supplementary attachments require the same peer review as the paper contents. Be sensitive to
the file size of the attachment—attach compressed files whenever possible.
Supplementary electronic content will not be available in SAE print products and will not exist as
independent objects with their own DOI (Digital Object Identifiers). Supplementary electronic content
should be chosen only when the material cannot be represented in the paper.
Page 10 of 16
11. SAE Technical Paper Style Guide
4 Styles of the SAE Technical Paper Template
Table 2 presents all the preset styles of the SAE Template and offers instructions for their application when
creating an SAE technical paper.
Table 2: SAE Template Styles
Template Styles
Instructions
[Clear All]
Apply style to selected text to remove formatting and revert back to [Normal] style.
[Affiliation]
Apply style to the author affiliation text.
[Author]
Apply style to the author list.
[Center]
Apply style to center content.
[Definition Term]
Apply style to the definition terms in the Definitions/Abbreviations section of the paper.
See also: [Definition] style.
[Definition]
Apply style to the definitions in the Definitions/Abbreviations section. See also:
[Definition Term] style.
[Emphasis-Bold]
Apply style to make text bold.
[Emphasis-BoldItalic]
Apply style to make text bold and italicized
[Emphasis-Italic]
Apply style to make text italicized.
[EmphasisUnderline]
Apply style to underline text.
[Equation]
Apply style to each equation line (including the equation number). See also: Equations in
Style Guide Section 3.3.
[Figure]
Apply style to each figure to center and align it with the figure caption. See also: [Figure
Caption] style.
[Figure Caption]
Apply style to center (and tag) each figure caption. As stated in Style Guide Section 3.1,
figure captions must be separate from the figures (not combined) and must not be
inserted using Word’s Insert Text Box or Insert Caption tools.
[Footnote
Reference]
Apply style to the footnote reference numbers, both in the paper body and in the actual
footnote. Footnotes may be inserted using Word’s Insert Footnote tool which takes care
of sequential numbering as well as automatic application of the two footnote styles,
[Footnote Reference] and [Footnote Text].
[Footnote Text]
Apply style to the footnote text (but not to the footnote reference number to the left of
the text). Footnotes may be inserted using Word’s Insert Footnote tool which takes care
of sequential numbering as well as automatic application of the two footnote styles,
[Footnote Reference] and [Footnote Text].
[Head1]
Apply style to all first level headings (as specified in Style Guide Section 2). Head 1 is
Arial, 12 pt., initial Caps, Bold
[Head2]
Apply style to all second level headings. Head 2 is Arial, 11 pt., Initial Caps, Bold Italic
[Head3]
Apply style to all third level headings. Head 3 is Arial, 10 pt., Initial Caps, Bold
Page 11 of 16
12. SAE Technical Paper Style Guide
Table 2: SAE Template Styles
Template Styles
Instructions
[Head4]
Apply style to all fourth level headings. Head 4 is Arial, 9 pt., Initial Caps, Bold, Italic
[List-OrderedNumeric]
Apply style to text to create a numbered list. This style is also applied to the Reference
section. Please avoid nested (multilevel) lists as they are not currently supported by the
electronic publishing standards SAE is using.
[List-Unordered]
Apply style to create a bulleted list.
[Monotype]
Apply style to make text monospaced. This style is commonly used to display computer
programs or their output.
[Normal]
The default font, used by the [Normal] style, is 9 point Arial Regular. Apply [Normal]
style to any text not assigned another style. When text is pasted into the paper from
another document, apply the [Normal] style. Once all text is in [Normal] style, apply
appropriate heading, emphasis, list styles, etc.
[Normal Table
Text]
Apply style to format text in a table. This will apply the required Arial 7 point to the text.
[Paper Number]
Apply style to the SAE Paper Number.
[Subscript-Italic]
Apply style to make text subscripted and italicized.
[Subscript]
Apply style to make text subscripted.
[Superscript-Italic]
Apply style to make text superscripted and italicized.
[Superscript]
Apply style to make text superscripted.
[Symbol]
Apply style to convert text to the Symbol font. A selection of symbols is available in the
Arial character set—use that font preferentially if it contains the desired symbol. Note
also that Word’s Insert Symbol tool can be used to place symbol characters, but be sure
to select only Symbol or Arial font in the process. Therefore, this style tag only needs to
be applied if the symbol you want is not available within the Arial font.
[Table Title]
Apply style to the table title text. See also: Style Guide Section 3.2.
[Table Note
Reference]
Apply style to the reference number of any reference note associated with a table. As
with the [Footnote Reference] style, the [Table Note Reference] style is applied to the
reference number positioned in the table body as well as to the reference number to
the left of the reference text positioned below the table. See also: Style Guide, Section
4.
[Table Note Text]
Apply style to any reference note associated with a table. See also: Style Guide, Section
3.4.
[Title]
Apply style to the paper title.
Page 12 of 16
13. SAE Technical Paper Style Guide
Appendix A: Sample References
SAE’s publications team is committed to listening to and acting upon the concerns of our contributors. Over
the past few years, we’ve received feedback from technical paper authors who have expressed a need and
desire of being cited in recognized impactful journals– this has led to SAE’s publication of scholarly journals.
One important aspect of our journals’ evaluation for indexing and impact factor is to have proper and
consistent citations. We have worked over the past three years to improve the consistency of our citations by
displaying proper paper citations on our website and by providing author tools for ease of downloading these
citations for inclusion in future works.
It is our intent to publish quality, impactful, highly cited technical research; to that end, we encourage you to
review and follow the rules and guidelines set forth in the reference listing.
Table A1 provides samples to illustrate the proper presentation of references for a variety of sources. If
available, please include the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) for all online references—they will enable readers of
online publications to locate reference material efficiently. To find the DOI associated with a reference, use the
free search feature at http://www.crossref.org/guestquery/ (All SAE published papers are assigned a DOI –
doi:10/4271/20xx-01-xxxx).
Table A1: Reference formatting samples
Reference type
Sample
Conference paper
Otsuki, S., Oie, T., and Ishida, K., “Hydrocarbons Speciation of Automotive
Emissions Using High Speed Gas Chromatography,” SAE Technical Paper 950513,
1995, doi:10.4271/950513.
Conference paper with
no paper number or
DOI
Saha, P., Pan, J., and Veen, J.R., “Thoughts Behind Developing a Small
Reverberation Room-Based Sound Absorption Test Method for the Automotive
Industry,” presented at NOISE-CON 2008, USA, July 28-31, 2008.
Journal article
Antanaitis, D., Monsere, P., and Riefe, M., “Brake System and Subsystem Design
Considerations for Race Track and High Energy Usage Based on Fade Limits,” SAE
Int. J. Passeng. Cars - Mech. Syst. 1(1):5-18, 2008, doi:10.4271/2008-01-0817.
Journal article with DOI
Miles, P.C., Collin, R., Hildingsson, L., Hultqvist, A. et al., “Combined Measurements
of Flow Structure, Partially Oxidized Fuel, and Soot in a High-Speed, DirectInjection Diesel Engine,” Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 31(2):2963-2970,
2007, doi:10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.231.
Magazine articles
Veen, J.R., Pan, J., and Saha, P., “Standardized Test Procedures for Small
Reverberation Room,” Sound and Vibration: 18-20, Dec. 2005.
Standards
SAE International Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice, “Laboratory
Measurement of the Composite Vibration Damping Properties of Material on a
Supporting Steel Bar,” SAE Standard J1637, Rev. Aug. 2007.
Book
Larsen, R.J. and Marx, M.L., “Statistics,” Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, ISBN 0-13844085-9:101-110, 1990.
Personal
communication
Smith, R.N., General Motors Corporation, personal communication, Feb. 2007.
Page 13 of 16
14. SAE Technical Paper Style Guide
Table A1: Reference formatting samples
Reference type
Sample
Patent
Wilkinson, J.P., “Nonlinear Resonant Circuit Devices,” U.S. Patent 3 624 124, July
16, 990.
Internet reference
SAE International, “UNS on the Web; Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering
System,” http://www.sae.org/uns, Aug. 2009.
Thesis/Dissertation
Mathuria, P.H., “Transfer Path Analysis of Diesel Engine Noise Using Statistical
Energy Analysis,” Ph.D. thesis, Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian
Institute of Technology, Bombay, 2000.
Software
Miller, M.E., The Interactive Tester (Version 4.0), Computer Software, Psytek
Services, Westminster, CA, 1993.
CD-ROM
Acoustics Testing Laboratory of the NASA Glenn Research Center (Distributor),
Auditory Demonstrations II: Challenges in Speech Communication and Music
Listening, CD-ROM available from the NASA Glenn Research Center Acoustical
Testing Laboratory 04 from http://acousticaltest.grc.nasa.gov, Dec. 2003.
Video
SAE International, “How does SAE World Congress enable industry networking and
relationship-building?,” SAE Video 10943, uploaded Nov. 11, 2011.
Page 14 of 16