This document discusses two fungal diseases that affect wheat: rust and smut. Rust is caused by three species of Puccinia fungi and results in reddish-brown or yellow pustules on stems and leaves. Smut is caused by two species of Ustilago fungi and replaces wheat grains with dark spores. The document covers the pathogens, symptoms, life cycles, environmental factors influencing disease development, and strategies for disease management, which include cultural practices, resistant varieties, and integrated pest management.

1. Rust & Smut
Disease of
Wheat
By: Ahad Imran
B22F0767BTY0004

2. TABLE OF CONTENT
Epidemiology
Rust of Wheat
Smut of Wheat
1
2
3
4
5
6
Introduction Pathogenesis
Disease Management Strategies

3. Introduction
1
Rust & Smut Disease of Wheat
• Rust diseases in wheat,
caused by Puccinia fungi
• Smut disease, induced by
Ustilago fungi
• Both are fungal diseases of wheat Puccinia fungi
Ustilago fungi

4. TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Rust of Wheat
Smut of Wheat
1
2
3
4 Pathogenesis
5
6
Epidemiology
Disease Management Strategies

5. Rust of Wheat Three species of Puccinia
causing rust
2
Pathogen:
• Biotrophic, Obligately parasitic, Basidiospores not
contained within Basidiocarp, macrocyclic
(5 possible spore types), heteroecious
• The three species of Puccinia causing rust:
Stem rust or black rust
(Puccinia graminis)
Leaf or brown rust
(Puccinia recondite)
Stripe or yellow rust
(Puccinia striiformis)

6. Rust of Wheat Stem Rust
2
• Stem rust (Puccinia graminis) is a
destructive fungal disease of wheat,
marked by reddish-brown pustules on
the stems

7. Rust of Wheat Leaf or Brown Rust
2
• Leaf rust, caused by (Puccinia
recondita), is a common fungal disease
affecting wheat crops, characterized by
brown rust pustules on the leaves.

8. Rust of Wheat Stripe or Yellow Rust
2
• Stripe rust, caused by (Puccinia
striiformis), is a fungal disease
impacting wheat crops, manifesting as
yellow rust stripes on the leaves.

9. TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Rust of Wheat
Smut of Wheat
1
2
3 6
5
4 Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Disease Management Strategies

10. Smut of Wheat
3
Two species of Ustilago
causing smut
• Disease of hills and terai, internally seed borne
Causal agent: Ustilago nuda
The teliospores are single celled and formed irregularly from
fertile hyphae.
 Teliospores are olivaceous brown, spherical to oval,
measures 5-9μm in diameter
 The two species of Ustilago causing smut:
Loose smut
(Ustilago nuda)
Flag smut
(Urocystis agropyri)

11. Smut of Wheat
3
Loose smut of wheat
• Loose smut of wheat, caused by the fungus
Ustilago tritici, is a significant disease
affecting wheat crops. The fungus replaces
wheat grains with dark smut spores, leading
to yield losses and reduced grain quality

12. Smut of Wheat
3
Flag smut of wheat
• Flag smut of wheat, caused by the fungus
Urocystis agropyri, is a disease that affects
wheat plants, particularly during the flag
leaf stage. It manifests as black streaks on
the leaves and can lead to yield losses

13. TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Rust of Wheat
Smut of Wheat
1
2
3 6
5
4 Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Disease Management Strategies

14. Pathogenesis
4
Lifecycle of Puccinia

15. Pathogenesis
4
Lifecycle of Ustilago

16. TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Rust of Wheat
Smut of Wheat
1
2
3 6
5
4 Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Disease Management Strategies

17. Epidemiology
5
Rust of wheat
Environmental Factors: Favorable
conditions for rust development include cool
temperatures and high humidity. Regions with
such climates, such as parts of North America,
Europe, and Asia, are prone to rust outbreaks
Global Impact: Rust epidemics have
historically caused significant yield losses,
prompting ongoing research to develop resistant
wheat varieties and effective control strategies

18. Epidemiology
5
Smut of wheat
Temperature Influence: Loose smut tends
to thrive in warmer climates, while flag smut
incidence may vary based on local temperatures
during the flag leaf stage
Control Measures: Global efforts focus on
implementing cultural practices, including seed
treatments and crop rotation, along with the
development and deployment of resistant wheat
varieties

19. TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Rust of Wheat
Smut of Wheat
1
2
3 6
5
4 Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Disease Management Strategies

20. Disease Management
Strategies
6
Cultural Practices Quarantine
Measures
Chemical Control Climate-Smart
Agriculture
Selective
Breeding
Biological Control
Genetic
Engineering
Early Detection
and Monitoring
Public Awareness
and Education
Resistant
Varieties
Integrated Pest
Management
(IPM)

22. Thanks Two Conditions of Wheat
So beautiful, so elegant
just looking like a wow
Moye Moye