This document discusses rubrics, including what they are, types of rubrics, why they are used, how to create them, and how to use them effectively. A rubric is an assessment tool that clearly indicates achievement criteria for student work. There are two main types: holistic rubrics provide an overall score, while analytic rubrics evaluate multiple criteria separately. Rubrics help instructors assess assignments consistently, give feedback, and clarify expectations for students. They also help students understand what is expected of them and how to improve. The document provides guidance on reflecting on learning objectives, listing criteria, organizing criteria into dimensions, and applying the rubric to assessments. It emphasizes making rubrics transparent to students and leveraging them to provide

1. Dr. Namrata Bavalekar
M.P.Th

2. Objectives
 What is rubrics?
 Types of rubrics.
 Why use rubrics?
 How to make rubric?
 How to use rubric effectively?

3. What is Rubrics?
 A rubric is an assessment tool that clearly
indicates achievement criteria across all the
components of any kind of student work, from
written to oral to visual.
 It can be used for marking assignments, class
participation, or overall grades. There are two
types of rubrics.

4. Types of Rubrics
1. Holistic rubrics: A holistic rubric consists of a
single scale with all criteria to be included in the
evaluation being considered together. With a
holistic rubric the rater assigns a single score
(usually on a 1 to 4 or 1 to 6 point scale) based
on an overall judgment of the student work. The
rater matches an entire piece of student work to a
single description on the scale.

6. Advantages:
1. Emphasis on what the learner is able to
demonstrate, rather than what s/he cannot do.
2. Saves time by minimizing the number of
decisions raters make.
3. Can be applied consistently by trained raters
increasing reliability.

7. Disadvantages:
1. Does not provide specific feedback for
improvement.
2. When student work is at varying levels spanning
the criteria points it can be difficult to select the
single best description.
3. Criteria cannot be weighted

8.  Analytic rubrics: An analytic rubric resembles a
grid with the criteria for a student product listed in
the leftmost column and with levels of
performance listed across the top row often using
numbers or descriptive tags. The cells within the
center of the rubric may be left blank or may
contain descriptions of what the specified criteria
look like for each level of performance.

10. Advantages:
1. Provide useful feedback on areas of strength and
weakness.
2. Criterion can be weighted to reflect the relative
importance of each dimension.

11. Disadvantages:
1. Takes more time to create and use than a holistic
rubric.
2. Unless each point for each criterion is well-
defined raters may not arrive at the same score.

12. Why Use Rubrics?
Rubrics help instructors:
 Assess assignments consistently from student-to-
student.
 Save time in grading, both short-term and long-
term.
 Give timely, effective feedback and promote
student learning in a sustainable way.

13.  Clarify expectations and components of an
assignment for both students and course teaching
assistants.
 Refine teaching methods by evaluating rubric
results.

14. Rubrics help students:
 Understand expectations and components of an
assignment.
 Become more aware of their learning process and
progress.
 Improve work through timely and detailed
feedback.

15. How To Construct A Rubric?
 4 key stages in constructing a rubric
1. Reflecting
2. Listing
3. Grouping and Labelling
4. Application

16. 1. Reflecting: In this stage, we take the time to
reflect on what we want from the students, why
we created this assignment, what happened the
last time we gave it, and what our expectations
are.

17. 2. Listing: In this stage, we focus on the particular
details of the assignment and what specific
learning objectives we hope to see in the
completed assignments.

18. 3. Grouping and Labelling: In this stage, we
organize the results of our reflections in Stage 1
and Stage 2, grouping similar expectations
together in what will probably become the rubric
dimensions.

19. 4. Application: In this stage, we apply the
dimensions and description from Stage 3 to the
final form of the rubric, using the grid formats.

20. How To Use Rubric Effectively?
Develop a different rubric for each assignment
 Although this takes time in the beginning, you’ll
find that rubrics can be changed slightly or re-used
later. Whether you develop your own or use an
existing rubric, practice with any other graders in
your course to achieve inter-tester reliability.

21. Be transparent
 Give students a copy of the rubric when you
assign the performance task. These are not meant
to be surprise criteria.

22. Integrate rubrics into assignments
 Require students to attach the rubric to the
assignment when they hand it in. Some instructors
ask students to self-assess or give peer feedback
using the rubric prior to handing in the work.

23. Leverage rubrics to manage your time
 When you mark the assignment, circle or highlight
the achieved level of performance for each
criterion on the rubric. This is where you will save
a great deal of time, as no comments are required.
 Include any additional specific or
overall comments that do not fit within the
rubric’s criteria.

24. Be prepared to revise your rubrics
 Decide upon a final grade for the assignment
based on the rubric. If you find, as some do, that
presented work meets criteria on the rubric but
nevertheless seems to have exceeded or not met
the overall qualities you’re seeking, revise the
rubric accordingly for the next time you teach the
course.

25. Consider developing online rubrics
 If an assignment is being submitted to an
electronic drop box you may be able to develop
and use an online rubric. The scores from these
rubrics are automatically entered in the online
grade book in the course management system.

26. Summery
RUBRICS
What’s
that
Types
Why to
use
How to
make
How to
use

27. Sources
1) University of Waterloo.
2) Cornell University.
3) DePaul education.
4) Introduction to Rubrics: An Assessment Tool to
Save Grading Time, Convey Effective Feedback,
and Promote Student Learning