The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is found in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for protein synthesis and modification. It has a ribosome-studded surface that allows it to produce proteins destined for other organelles. Proteins are synthesized on the RER, folded and modified within its lumen, and transported to the Golgi apparatus for further processing before being shipped to their final destinations. The RER plays a critical role in protein quality control by rejecting any improperly folded proteins. Disturbances in RER function can trigger an unfolded protein response and even cell death if stress is severe or prolonged.

1. ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
BY : Yogesh Vishwakarma
Jay Patel
Navneet Shukla

2. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Electron microscopic studies of eukaryotic cells reveal
the presence of a network or reticulum of tiny tubular
structured in the cytoplasm that is called the
endoplasmic reticulum .
Endoplasmic reticulum divides compartments i.e
luminal (Inside ER ) and extra luminal cytoplasm .

3. TYPES OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
ROUGH
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
SMOOTH
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM

4. • Only found in eukaryotic cells (both animal and
plant cell ) .
• Manufacturing site for lipid and many protein
 Many of this produced for exported to other
organelles .
INTRODUCTION

6. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SER AND RER
SER RER
Ribosomes are absent
Present near the cell membrane .
Formed of tubules .
Found in lipid forming cells
Eg :
Adipocyte , Interstitial cells ,Adrenal
cortical cell Leucocyte, Retinal cells
.
Ribosomes present
Present near the nucleus .
Formed of cisternae .
Found in protein forming cells
Eg:
Acinal cells , goblet cells , plasma
cells , Nissl’s granules , endocrine
cells etc .

7. STRUCTURE
 Composed of greatly convoluted but flattish sealed sacs .
 It is called rough because it is studded on its outer surface
with ribosome .
 About 13 million ribosome are present on the RER in the
average liver cell .
 RER is found throughout the cell but the density is higher
near the nucleus and the Golgi apparatus .

8. ROLES OF RER-
• ORGANELLE IS PRIMARLY CONCERNED WITH SYNTHESIS, FOLDINGS AND
MODIFICATION OF PROTEINS.
• IT PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE RESPONSE OF THE CELL TO UNFOLDED PROTEINS
AND PLAYS A ROLE IN APOPTOSIS, DUE TO ITS CLOSE INTERACTION WITH
MITOCHONDRIA.
• IT PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN MODULATING THE RESPONSE OF THE CELL TO STRESS
AND IN QUALITY CONTROL FOR CORRECT PROTEIN FOLDING.
• IT PLAYS NUMBER OF ROLES WITHIN A CELL, LARGELY ASSOCIATED WITH PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS.

9. FUNCTION
RER working with membrane bound ribosomes they take
polypeptides and amino acids from cytosol and make
proteins .
Protein produced for the plasma membrane , Golgi
apparatus , Secretory vesicles , Lysosome , endosome ,and
the ER itelf.
Certain cells of the pancreas and the digestive tract
produced high volume of protein as digestive enzyme.

10. Protein are delivered into the lumen or space inside
the ER.
In the lumen some proteins have sugar groups added
to them to form glycoproteins.
Some have metal group added to them .

12. PROTEIN FOLDING UNIT
It is in the lumen of the RER that protein are
folded to produced the highly important
biochemical architecture which will provide ‘Lock
& Key’ and other recognition and linking sites.

13. PROTEIN QUALITY CONTROL SECTION
• It is also take place in lumen of ER
• Any protein are found incorrectly formed or folded are
rejected .
• The protein is wrongly folded as a result of receiving and
altered genetic message .
• The required protein never exported from the lumen of
RER .

14. FROM ROUGH ER TO GOLGI APPARATUS :
• Protein are transfer to golgi apparatus for finishing .
• They are conveyed in the vesicles or possibly directly
between the ER and Golgi surface .
• After finishing they are delivered to specific location .

15. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS
o DISTURBANCE IN THE FUNCTION OF ER LEADS TO EVOLUTIONARILY
CONSERVED CELL STRESS RESPONSE , THE UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE,
WHICH IS AIMED AT COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGE BUT CAN TRIGGER CELL
DEATH IF THE DYSFUNCTION IS SEVERE OR PROLONGED.
o ER INITIATED CELL DEATH PATHWAYS HAVE RECOGNIZED SEVERAL DISEASES
LIKE-HYPOXIA
o ISCHEMIA INJURY
o NEURODEGENERATION
o HEART DISEASES

16. THANK YOU !