This document summarizes recent advances in nanotechnology. It discusses various nanoscale particles and structures such as nanoparticles, nanospheres, nanocapsules, liposomes, quantum dots, nanotubes, nanoshells, dendrimers, paramagnetic particles, respirocytes, microbivores, and nanobubbles. It describes their structures, methods of preparation, and applications in drug delivery, imaging, and medicine. The document also discusses companies involved in producing nanoparticles and concludes that nanoparticles can improve drug solubility and bioavailability, have high cellular uptake, and deliver therapeutic agents to a wide range of biological targets due to their small size and mobility.
Nanomaterials in biomedical applicationsumeet sharma
An introduction to emerging technology in medicinal science, "nanodrugs" a fruitful combination of nano-science and medical science. In this presentation, use of nano shells for delivery of drugs to targeted cancer cells has been explained. along with In Vivo and In Vitro studies on use of nanomaterials for biomedical application. For any information please feel free to contact me or refer to the references.
Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 10 to 1000 nm.
Nanoparticles are made of a macromolecular material which can be of synthetic or natural origin.
the presentation gives brief description about magnetic nanoparticles, types of magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic nanocomposite and application of magnetic nanoparticles.
Nanomaterials in biomedical applicationsumeet sharma
An introduction to emerging technology in medicinal science, "nanodrugs" a fruitful combination of nano-science and medical science. In this presentation, use of nano shells for delivery of drugs to targeted cancer cells has been explained. along with In Vivo and In Vitro studies on use of nanomaterials for biomedical application. For any information please feel free to contact me or refer to the references.
Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 10 to 1000 nm.
Nanoparticles are made of a macromolecular material which can be of synthetic or natural origin.
the presentation gives brief description about magnetic nanoparticles, types of magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic nanocomposite and application of magnetic nanoparticles.
Introduction to nanoparticles and bionanomaterialsShreyaBhatt23
what is a nanoparticle, why small is good,nanoscale effect, how to make nanostructures,top down and bottom up approachs,
methods of making nanomaterials,chemical methods od making nanomaterial,bionanomaterials,
Nano Material
Introduction and Synthesis
Nanomaterials describe, in principle, materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 and 1000 nanometres (10−9 meter) but is usually 1—100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale[1]).
Nanomaterials research takes a materials science-based approach to nanotechnology, leveraging advances in materials metrology and synthesis which have been developed in support of microfabrication research. Materials with structure at the nanoscale often have unique optical, electronic, or mechanical properties.
Nanomaterials are slowly becoming commercialized[2] and beginning to emerge as commodities.[3]
Different types of methods can be used for the preparation of Magnetic Nanoparticles, their advantages and disadvantages and applications of the materials in various fields are given in the presentation
Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) is a type of nanoparticle which have a metal core composed of inorganic metal or metal oxide that is usually covered with a shell made up of organic or inorganic material or metal oxide.
Introduction to nanoparticles and bionanomaterialsShreyaBhatt23
what is a nanoparticle, why small is good,nanoscale effect, how to make nanostructures,top down and bottom up approachs,
methods of making nanomaterials,chemical methods od making nanomaterial,bionanomaterials,
Nano Material
Introduction and Synthesis
Nanomaterials describe, in principle, materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 and 1000 nanometres (10−9 meter) but is usually 1—100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale[1]).
Nanomaterials research takes a materials science-based approach to nanotechnology, leveraging advances in materials metrology and synthesis which have been developed in support of microfabrication research. Materials with structure at the nanoscale often have unique optical, electronic, or mechanical properties.
Nanomaterials are slowly becoming commercialized[2] and beginning to emerge as commodities.[3]
Different types of methods can be used for the preparation of Magnetic Nanoparticles, their advantages and disadvantages and applications of the materials in various fields are given in the presentation
Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) is a type of nanoparticle which have a metal core composed of inorganic metal or metal oxide that is usually covered with a shell made up of organic or inorganic material or metal oxide.
Nanotechnology: Basic introduction to the nanotechnology.Sathya Sujani
This simple presentation will help you to understand the every aspects of nanotechnology including basic definition and it's practical application in a very simple yet precise manner.
Ground Processing Affordability for Space VehiclesJohn Ingalls
AIAA Space 2011 presentation:
Launch vehicles, flight vehicles, and most of their payloads spend the majority of their time on the ground. The cost of ground operations is very high. So, why so often is so little attention given to ground processing during development? Ground processing operations must be considered for the full product life cycle, from concept to retirement.
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
Formulation and evaluation of nanoparticles as a drug delivery systems Tarun Kumar Reddy
Nanomaterials fall into a size range similar to proteins and other macromolecular structures found inside living cells. As such, nanomaterials are poised to take advantage of existing cellular machinery to facilitate the delivery of drugs. Nanoparticles containing encapsulated, dispersed, absorbed or conjugated drugs have unique characteristics that can lead to enhanced performance in a variety of dosage forms.
NANOTECHNOLOGY comprises technological developments on the nanometer scale, usually 0.1 to 100 nm. Nanotechnology, the science of the small. Nano is Greek for dwarf, and nanoscience deals with the study of molecular and atomic particles.
Recent advances in nanotherapeutics from aissms college of pharmacyAISSMS
Nanotechnology is a dynamic and multi-disciplinary field here is the well explained PPT by Ashwini Sonawane from AISSMS College Of Pharmacy which is best pharmacy college in Pune.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
1. RECENT ADVANCES IN
NANOTECHNOLOGY
BY:
VARSHA A. ANDHALE
M.PHARM (FIRST YEAR)
GUIDE NAME: DR.SUDHA RATHOD
16 September 2014 1
2. INTRODUCTION
•Nanoparticles are defined as particulate dispersions or
solid particles with a size in the range of 10-1000nm.
•The drug dissolved, entrapped, encapsulated or
attached to a nanoparticles matrix.
•Depending upon to the method of preparation,
nanoparticles, nanospheres or nanocapsules can be
obtained.
•Nanocapsules are systems in which the drug is
confined to a cavity surrounded by a unique polymer
membrane, while nanospheres are matrix systems in
which the drug is physically and uniformly dispersed.
16 September 2014 2
3. Why Nano is GOOD
•Faster
•Different properties at very small scale
•Lighter Can get into small spaces
•Cheaper
• More energy efficient
16 September 2014 3
4. LIPOSOME
APPROACH
NANOSOMES
RESIPIROCYTE
NANOTUBES FULLEFFRENE
NANOPORES
QUANTQUMDOT
NANONSHELL
N
PPPPPPP
NANOROBOT
MICROBIVORE
M
DENDRIMERS
PARAMAGNET
16 September 2014 4
5. LIPOSOME:
DEFINATION
•When phoshpolipids are dispersed in water, they
spontaneously form closed structure With internal aqueous
environment bounded by phoshpolipipd bilayer membrane,
this vasicular system called as liposome.
•Liposome are the small vesicles of spherical shape that can
be produced from cholesterol, non toxic surfactant
sphingolipids, glycolipids, long chain fatty acid
and even membrane proteins.
16 September 2014 5
6. PREPARATION METHOD
1.Mechanical method
A. Film method
B. Ultrasonic method
2.Method based on replacement of organic solvent
A. Reverse phase evaporation
B. Ether vaporisation method
3.Fusion of preformed vesicle
A. Freeze thaw extrusion method
B. Rehydration method
16 September 2014 6
8. APPLICATION OF LIPOSOME
Antibody Directed Enzyme Pro-Drug Therapy
•Liposomes conjugated with an enzyme to activate a
prodrug and an antibody directed to a tumour antigen
(enzyme linked immunoliposomes).
•The antibody directs the enzyme to the target tissue
where it activates the prodrug selectively and converts
it to its active form.
•Action of the drug is avoided in other normal tissues.
•Example: Epirubicin and doxorubicin
16 September 2014 8
10. NANOPORE
DEFINATION
•A nanopore is a very small hole. It may, for example, be
created by a pore-forming protein or as a hole in
synthetic materials such as silicon or graphene.
•It can be a biological protein channel in a high
electrical resistance lipid bilayer, a pore in a solid-state
membrane or a hybrid of these - a protein channel set
in a synthetic membrane.
•These can be about 20 nm in a diameter.
•These pores allow small molecules like oxygen, glucose,
insulin to pass however they prevent large immune system
molecules like immunoglobilin from passing.
16 September 2014 10
12. NANOPORE BASED DNA SEQUENCING
• Ability to differentiate DNA strands based on
differences in base pair sequences.
• Ability to differentiate purines from pyrimidines.
• Incorporation of electricity conducting electrodes is
being designed to improve longitudinal resolution for
base pair identification.
• Pass a DNA molecule through a nanoscale pore in a
membrane from head to tail, and read off each base
when it is located at the narrowest constriction of the
pore, using the ion current passing through the pore to
probe the identity of the base.
16 September 2014 12
14. NANOTUBES
STRUCTURE
A. Nanotubes are members of the fullerene structural
family.
B. Their name is derived from their long, hollow
structure with the walls formed by one-atom-thick sheets
of carbon, called graphene.
C. These sheets are rolled at specific and discrete
("chiral") angles, and the combination of the rolling
angle and radius decides the nanotube properties; for
example, whether the individual nanotube shell is a
metal or semiconductor.
D. Nanotubes are categorized as single-walled nanotubes
(SWNTs) and multi-walled nanotubes(MWNTs).
16 September 2014 14
15. NANOTUBE APPLICATION
•Carbon nanotubes can be made more soluble by
incorporation of carboxylic or ammonium groups to
their structure and can be used for the transport of
peptides, nucleic acids and other drug molecules.
• Nanotubes to transport DNA across cell membrane is
used in studies involving gene therapy.
•SWCN used with siRNA to silence targeted gene
expression.
16 September 2014 15
17. QUANTUM DOTS
•A quantum dot is a nanocrystal made of semiconductor
materials that are small enough to exhibit quantum
mechanical properties.
•Specifically, its excitons are confined in all three spatial
dimensions.
16 September 2014 17
19. APPLICATION OF QUANTUM DOT
•Used for biomedical purposes as a diagnostic as well
as therapeutic tool.
•The quantum dots conjugated with polyethylene glycol
(PEG) and antibody to prostate specific membrane
antigen (PSMA) were accumulated and retained in the
grafted tumour tissue.
•This method can be adopted for various malignancies like
melanoma, breast, lung and gastro intestinal tumours.
16 September 2014 19
21. NANOSHELL
DEFINATION
•A nanoshell, or rather a nanoshell plasmon, is a type of
spherical nanoparticle consisting of a dielectric core
which is covered by a thin metallic shell (usually gold).
•These nanoshells involve a quasiparticle called plasmon
which is a collective excitation or quantum plasma
oscillation where the electrons simultaneously oscillate
with respect to all the ions.
•Nanoshells can be varied across a broad range of
the light spectrum that spans the visible and near
infrared regions.
16 September 2014 21
23. APPLICATION OF NANOSHELL
• Nanoshells can also be embedded in a hydrogel
polymer containing the drug.
• After directing the nanoshells to the tumour tissue
by immunological methods, with an infrared laser,
these can be made to get heated up, melting the
polymer and releasing the drug at tumour site.
• Nanoshells are also useful for diagnostic purposes
in whole blood immunoassays.
16 September 2014 23
25. NANOBUBBLES
• The appearance of hydrophobic surface,causes formation
of nanobubbles.
• Inrefacially associated nanobubble of decreasing size and
number are observed as hydrophobicity of subphase
increases.
16 September 2014 25
26. DEVICE USE FOR NANOBUBBLE GENERATION
16 September 2014 26
28. APPLICATIOB OF NANOBUBBLE
•Remain stable at room temperature and when heated to
physiological temperature within the body coalesce to
form microbubbles.
•These have the advantages of targeting the tumour
tissue and delivering the drug selectively under the
influence of ultrasound exposure.
•This results in increased intracellular uptake of the
drug by the tumour cells.
• It also provides an additional advantage of enabling
visualisation of the tumour by means of ultrasound
methods.
16 September 2014 28
31. PARAMAGNETIC PARTICLE
• MNPs are spherical nanocrystals of 10-100 nm in size
with an Fe2+ or Fe3+ core surrounded by lipids,
liposomes, proteins, polymers, or dextran and surface-coated
with non-polymeric stabilizers, providing the
opportunity for the smart delivery of therapeutic
materials
• Iron oxide MNPs (magnetite, Fe3O4; maghemite,
Fe2O3) are extensively used as the core of magnetic
nanocarriers due to super paramagnetic properties and
biocompatibility.
16 September 2014 31
33. APPLICATION OF PARAMAGNETIC PARTICLE
• Paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are used as
contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging.
• Targeting of these nanoparticles enables identification
of specific organs and tissues.
• Monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) help
in over coming the disadvantage of surgically induced
contrast enhancement in brain due to leak of contrast
material from the cut end and oozing blood vessels in
brain when MR imaging is done post-operatively.
• This is avoided when MIONs are used pre-operatively.
16 September 2014 33
34. Some novel SPIONs as MRI contrast agents in stem cell labeling
and tracking.
16 September 2014 34
35. NANOSOMES
• Nanosomes also called as PEBBLEs (Probes Encapsulated
by Biologically Localized Embedding).
• Nanosomes can also be integrated with a photocatalyst
which produces reactive oxygen species when stimulated
by light and destroy the target tissue.
• This method has advantage over conventional drugs in
being much safer without the adverse effects of cancer
chemotherapy drugs and also the absence of development
of drug resistance.
16 September 2014 35
37. DENDRIMERS
• Dendrimers are large and complex molecules with very
well-defined chemical structures.
• From a polymer chemistry point of view, dendrimers are
nearly perfect monodisperse (basically meaning of a
consistent size and form) macromolecules With a regular
and highly branched three dimensional architecture.
• They consist of three major architectural components
A. Core
B. Branches
C. End groups
16 September 2014 37
39. DENDRIMERS
•PAMAM dendrimers can also be used in treatment of
cancer by conjugating with anti-cancer drugs like cisplatin,
adriamycin or methotrexate
•PAMAM dendrimers in transfer of antisense surviving
oligonucleotides in tumour cell lines.
•These methods provide an effective alternative to viral
vectors of gene transfer for treatment of various tumours.
•Reagent of Qiagen are dendrimer based DNA
transfection kits used for delivering DNA into the cell.
16 September 2014 39
41. Respirocytes
• The respirocytes are intend designed to mimic all the
important functions of red blood cells and also used in
treatment of anaemia, heart attack, lung diseases
• These have higher capacity to deliver oxygen to tissues,
supplying 236 times more oxygen per unit volume than
natural red blood cells.
•These devices have sensors on the surface which can detect
changes in the environment and the onboard nanocomputer
will regulate the intake and output of the oxygen and carbon
dioxide molecules.
16 September 2014 41
43. Microbivores
•Hypothetical structures which function as white blood
cells in the blood stream designed to trap circulating
microbes.
•They are expected to have greater efficacy than cellular
blood cells in phagocytosis.
•The microbivores surface is arranged with processes
which can extend in length and secure the microbe which
gets in contact with it.
16 September 2014 43
46. Hunting malaria with magnets
• The new SMART system detects a parasitic waste
product called hemozoin.
• When the parasites infect red blood cells, they feed on the
nutrient-rich hemoglobin carried by the cells.
• As hemoglobin breaks down, it releases iron, which can
be toxic, so the parasite converts the iron into hemozoin a
weakly paramagnetic crystallite.
• How the hydrogen’s nuclear magnetic resonance is
affected by the proximity of other magnetic particles.
16 September 2014 46
49. COMPANIES INVOLVED IN PRODUCTION OF NANOPARTICLE
COMPANY PRODUCT
BioDelivery
Sciences
Oral drug delivery of drugs encapuslated in a nanocrystalline
structure called a cochleate
CytImmune Gold nanoparticles for targeted delivery of drugs to tumors
Invitrogen Q dots for medical imaging
Smith and
Nephew
Antimicrobial wound dressings using silver nanocrystals
Luna Inovations Bucky balls to block inflammation by trapping free radicals
NanoBio Nanoemulsions for nasal delivery to fight viruses (such as the flu
and colds) or through the skin to fight bacteria
NanoBio
Magnetics
Magnetically responsive nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery
and other applications
16 September 2014 49
50. CONCLUSION
• Nanoparticulate systems have great potentials,
being able to convert poorly soluble, poorly
absorbed and labile biological active substance into
promising deliverable drugs.
• Generally nanoparticle have relatively higher
intracellular uptake compared to microparticles and
available to a wide range of biological targets due to
their small size and relative mobility.
16 September 2014 50
51. REFERENCES
•Prabhjot kaur, Loveleenpreet kaur and MU. Khan ,
International journal of research in pharmacy and
chemistry 2012,2(3) ISSN:2231-2781,756
•A.Surendiran , S.sandhiya , S.C.Pradhan & C. Adithan
Indian J Med Res 130 , December 2009 ,689 -701
•Priyanka R. Kulkarni , Jaydeep Yadav ,Kumar A Vaidya
International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Reasearch
ISSN-0975-70666 VOL 3 ,ISSUE 2 , 2011 , 10-18
•Zhan Wang1 and Yuan-Cheng Cao2 Nanomedicine &
Nanotechnology Wang and Yuan-Cheng, J Nanomed
Nanotechnol 2014, 5:3 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-
7164 Se3pt9em.b1er 020104 020 , 1-7 51