Food production and sustainable agriculture policies: Reminding the role of l...ILRI
Presented by Purvi Mehta at the UN’s Economic and social commission for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP) High Level Policy Conference on Agriculture, 13 August 2013
Presentation from the Informal Consultation on Livestock Issues between the FAO Animal Production and Health Division and interested Non-Governmental Organizations. 1–2 December 2009 Italy, Rome FAO Headquarters.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Food production and sustainable agriculture policies: Reminding the role of l...ILRI
Presented by Purvi Mehta at the UN’s Economic and social commission for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP) High Level Policy Conference on Agriculture, 13 August 2013
Presentation from the Informal Consultation on Livestock Issues between the FAO Animal Production and Health Division and interested Non-Governmental Organizations. 1–2 December 2009 Italy, Rome FAO Headquarters.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Technological options and approaches to improve smallholder access to desirab...ILRI
Poster prepared by Azage Tegegne, Awet Estifanos, Asrat Tera and Dirk Hoekstra for Tropentag 2012: Resilience of Agricultural Systems against Crises, Gottingen, Germany, 19-21 September 2012.
Community Breeding Practice and the Challenges in Dairy Cattle Management in ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Dairy product is an important feed supplementation. However, rearing dairy cattle is became a challenge especially at smallholder level due to lack of indigenous dairy cattle breeds. As a result, the country has established cross breeding program since 1990`s. Nevertheless, it is not uniform and does not consider smallholder farmers. Therefore, this research initiated to identify the breeding practice and the main challenges of smallholder farmers in rearing dairy cattle. For this purpose, first systematic field survey was conducted to generate preliminary information and breed judgment. Then two study areas were selected purposively based on milk production potential and dairy breed characteristics. Two focus group discussions per study area were conducted. Then, randomly 200 respondents per study area were selected. Finally, individual interview and field observation were employed to generate the needed data. Even though there is no established breeding scheme, the smallholder farmers practiced breed improvement by either cross breeding or straight breeding. They implemented Cross breeding to improve milk productivity using 50-100% exotic blood sire/semen. Pure exotic semens were preferred for AI (Artificial insemination). The smallholder framers do not select indigenous caw for cross breeding practice. However, they selected indigenous caw/heifer for replacement based on pedigree history, body stature, and udder vein. Regarding mating system, more than 50% of the respondent exercise control-mating system in their herd. Mostly this was done by pertaining the sire and dam together for a single day. In addition to this partiality in preference of sire, less productive individual cattle culled from the herd by castration, sell and slaughtering. The management system, early castration and lack of accurate estrus detection were the major challenges in dairy cattle development. As the result of this survey in the two study areas, indiscriminate cross breeding without consideration of the production system, body size and blood levels were predominant. Therefore, successive training for smallholder farmers on breeding system is highly recommended.
Artificial Insemination Present Scenerio and Future Prospects by Dr J S Rajor...Jeetendra Singh Rajoriya
The first scientific research in artificial insemination of animals was performed on
dogs in 1780 by the Italian scientist, Lazzaro spallanzani.
In 1907 Ivanov reported the successful results of a series of artificial inseminations
in mares.
In india A.I. was introduced as early as 1939 by P Sampath Kumaran in mysore state at palace dairy farm.
First buffalo calf achieved by A.I. in india August 1943 at agriculture institute Allahabad.
Systemic work on A.I. was undertaken in 1944 at IVRI, izatnagar under the guidance of Dr. P. Bhattacharya.
Cows, missing milk markets and nutrition in rural ethiopiaessp2
International Food Policy Researc Institute/Ethiopia Strategy Support Program and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) seminar series. June 11, 2013. ILRI Campus
The Ethiopian livestock population is almost entirely composed of indigenous animals.
Recent estimates showed that 97.8%, 1.9%, and 0.3% of cattle are indigenous, hybrid, and exotic breeds, respectively.
The estimates for sheep are 99.6% and 0.3% for local breeds and hybrids, respectively;
for poultry 81.7%, 10.9%, and 7.4% are indigenous, hybrids and exotic, respectively.
Nearly all goats (99.9%) are indigenous breeds (CSA, 2020a).
Genetic basis and improvement of reproductive traitsILRI
Presented by Aynalem Haile and Mourad Rekik (ICARDA) at the EIAR-DBARC-ICARDA-ILRI (LIVES)-FAO Training Workshop on Reproduction in Sheep and Goat, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia, 13-15 October 2014
Technological options and approaches to improve smallholder access to desirab...ILRI
Poster prepared by Azage Tegegne, Awet Estifanos, Asrat Tera and Dirk Hoekstra for Tropentag 2012: Resilience of Agricultural Systems against Crises, Gottingen, Germany, 19-21 September 2012.
Community Breeding Practice and the Challenges in Dairy Cattle Management in ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Dairy product is an important feed supplementation. However, rearing dairy cattle is became a challenge especially at smallholder level due to lack of indigenous dairy cattle breeds. As a result, the country has established cross breeding program since 1990`s. Nevertheless, it is not uniform and does not consider smallholder farmers. Therefore, this research initiated to identify the breeding practice and the main challenges of smallholder farmers in rearing dairy cattle. For this purpose, first systematic field survey was conducted to generate preliminary information and breed judgment. Then two study areas were selected purposively based on milk production potential and dairy breed characteristics. Two focus group discussions per study area were conducted. Then, randomly 200 respondents per study area were selected. Finally, individual interview and field observation were employed to generate the needed data. Even though there is no established breeding scheme, the smallholder farmers practiced breed improvement by either cross breeding or straight breeding. They implemented Cross breeding to improve milk productivity using 50-100% exotic blood sire/semen. Pure exotic semens were preferred for AI (Artificial insemination). The smallholder framers do not select indigenous caw for cross breeding practice. However, they selected indigenous caw/heifer for replacement based on pedigree history, body stature, and udder vein. Regarding mating system, more than 50% of the respondent exercise control-mating system in their herd. Mostly this was done by pertaining the sire and dam together for a single day. In addition to this partiality in preference of sire, less productive individual cattle culled from the herd by castration, sell and slaughtering. The management system, early castration and lack of accurate estrus detection were the major challenges in dairy cattle development. As the result of this survey in the two study areas, indiscriminate cross breeding without consideration of the production system, body size and blood levels were predominant. Therefore, successive training for smallholder farmers on breeding system is highly recommended.
Artificial Insemination Present Scenerio and Future Prospects by Dr J S Rajor...Jeetendra Singh Rajoriya
The first scientific research in artificial insemination of animals was performed on
dogs in 1780 by the Italian scientist, Lazzaro spallanzani.
In 1907 Ivanov reported the successful results of a series of artificial inseminations
in mares.
In india A.I. was introduced as early as 1939 by P Sampath Kumaran in mysore state at palace dairy farm.
First buffalo calf achieved by A.I. in india August 1943 at agriculture institute Allahabad.
Systemic work on A.I. was undertaken in 1944 at IVRI, izatnagar under the guidance of Dr. P. Bhattacharya.
Cows, missing milk markets and nutrition in rural ethiopiaessp2
International Food Policy Researc Institute/Ethiopia Strategy Support Program and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) seminar series. June 11, 2013. ILRI Campus
The Ethiopian livestock population is almost entirely composed of indigenous animals.
Recent estimates showed that 97.8%, 1.9%, and 0.3% of cattle are indigenous, hybrid, and exotic breeds, respectively.
The estimates for sheep are 99.6% and 0.3% for local breeds and hybrids, respectively;
for poultry 81.7%, 10.9%, and 7.4% are indigenous, hybrids and exotic, respectively.
Nearly all goats (99.9%) are indigenous breeds (CSA, 2020a).
Genetic basis and improvement of reproductive traitsILRI
Presented by Aynalem Haile and Mourad Rekik (ICARDA) at the EIAR-DBARC-ICARDA-ILRI (LIVES)-FAO Training Workshop on Reproduction in Sheep and Goat, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia, 13-15 October 2014
Similar to Role of livestock in the kenyan economy june 28 (20)
A presentation by Dr. Benjamin Davis, Director, Inclusive Rural Transformation and Gender Equality Division, Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
A presentation by Dr. John Ulimwengu, ReSAKSS Africawide Coordinator, Senior Research Fellow, Africa Region, International
Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
#2021ReSAKSS - Plenary Session I – presentation by Dr. Eliane Ubalijoro, Executive Director, Sustainability in The Digital Age, Global Hub Director, Canada, Future
Earth, and Co-editor of the 2021 Annual Trends and Outlook Report (ATOR)
African countries have diversified both their exports and trade partners over the last decade, African agricultural trade still suffers from structural problems as well as exogenous shocks. Against this backdrop, the 2021 Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor (AATM) analyzes continental and regional trends in African agricultural trade flows and policies. The report finds that many African countries continue to enjoy the most success in global markets with cash crops and niche products. At the intra-African level, countries are becoming more interconnected in trade of key commodities, but there remain many potential but unexploited trade relationships. The report examines the livestock sector in detail, finding that despite its important role in Africa, the sector is concentrated in low value- added products that are informally traded. The report also examines trade integration in the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), which remains limited due to factors including tariffs, nontariff measures, poor transport infrastructure, and weak institutions. Finally, the report discusses the implications of two major events affecting African trade in 2020 and 2021: the COVID-19 pandemic and the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. THE ROLE OF LIVESTOCK IN THE KENYAN
ECONOMY: A DYNAMIC CGE ANALYSIS
Ayele Gelan
Ermias Engida
PRESENTATION TO RESAKSS STAFF
06/07/2012
NAIROBI, KENYA 1
JUNE 28, 2011
2. TOPICS OF DICUSSION
Study contexts and motivations
Approaches and methods
Overview of the existing model and
modifications
Future extensions
06/07/2012
2
3. IMPORTANCE OF LIVESTOCK IN A
DEVELOPING ECONOMY
Livestock’s macro roles are not often recognized
• “Livestock revolution” - Growing demand for meat and dairy
products
• Crop-livestock interactions (e.g., draft power, manure, crop
residue feed, etc)
• Livestock products and agro-processing (e.g., dairy, leather, etc)
How high are macro multipliers from livestock
sector growth?
• How much income growth and poverty reduction can we
generate with livestock sector growth?
• General equilibrium analysis needed to capture these
4. POLICY AND RESEARCH PRIORITIES
NEPAD (2006) recognized the importance of
integrating the livestock sector into the CAADP
framework
Diao and Pratt (2008) conclude that “growth in
staples is the priority for poverty reduction”
• Combining growth in staples and livestock has high economic multipliers
& strong poverty reduction gains in food deficit areas
Dorosh and Thurlow (2009) - poverty-growth
elasticities
• Cereals have highest rural poverty reduction potential
5. Male
Deaths
Young Immature Mature Other
economic
male male male uses
+
Births Sale of live
Off-takes animals
+
Young Immature Mature Yields/ Sales of
female female female animal products
=
Female
TR
deaths
-
costs of keeping
costs of keeping + costs of keeping +
= TC
mature animals
young animals immature animals
=
Production and economic flows (off-take, in-takes and others)
Reproduction and growth (growth, births, deaths) Gross margin
6. CURRENT STUDY – DATA ISSUES
Livestock module specification mostly guided by
available data
- Kenya Population Census
- Behnke (2012) - IGAD-LPI consultancy report
- FAO and ILRI documents from the web sites
Livestock type and product are guided by available
data
Cattle
Shots
Camel
06/07/2012
Two types of chicken (Ingenious and Commercial)
6
7. CURRENT STUDY – DATA ISSUES……
Livestock products
Live cattle
Milk (cattle, goat, camel)
Egg
Spatial dimensions
8 provinces of Kenya
3 agro-ecological zones in each province (highlands, semi-
arid, arid)
We tried to prepare a data set with livestock
numbers by type, sex and age;
- prices by type, sex and age and also prices of their
products;
- Birth, offtake and death rates by type, sex and
age;
8. CURRENT STUDY – HERD DYNAMICS
Herd dynamic module mostly followed the
structure of the Ethiopian model
• Numbers by Sex and age
• Birth, off-takes and death rates by type, sex and age
More data is desperately needed
• Livestock age and sex composition
• Prices of livestock (live) and their products
• Factor quantities ….(labour, land, and sectoral capital output ratios)
06/07/2012
8
9. MODEL SPECIFICATION
Milk production is estimated (in value) for each livestock type
and egg production estimated as well for both types of chickens
(indigenous and commercial).
Stock change is calculated (in value terms) for each type, sex
and age.
Coupling the herd dynamics with the economy-wide
model
Integrating the biological and the economic processes
Establishing stock-flow relationships in existing economy-wide
models (e.g. livestock as capital and livestock products)
Revising and improving the system of economic accounts in
existing models (e.g., breeding stocks as capital in livestock, etc)
10. DYNAMIC CGE MODEL FOR KENYA
» We use Thurlow and Benin’s (2008) model
(“Agricultural Growth and Investment Options for Poverty Reduction in
Kenya”)
• General equilibrium: the model represents different
markets, all reaching equilibrium
• Dynamic: the model is solved recursively
Model is calibrated for Kenya using 2007 Kenyan
Social Accounting Matrix
• 3 AEZs, 143 AEZ specific activities, 53commodities,
19 factors, and 45 households
11. SIMULATION SCENARIOS
Simulation Shocks
We simulate Total
Factor Productivity
(TFP) shocks to various BASE All Ag commodities grow at
the previous trend
subsectors
CEREAL Cereals + vegetable/fruit +
Base growth follows the enset grow faster
previous years’ trend CASH CROP Cash crops and pulses
+ oilseeds grow faster
Additional shocks will
be applied as in LIVESTOCK Livestock activities grow
faster
Thurlow and Benin
2008 (which is based on CAADP All Ag commodities grow
the CAADP framework) faster
12. FUTURE EXTENSIONS
As we mentioned earlier the major problem in the
this task is getting data as detail as the model needs.
So future works of the model concentrate more on
getting those data into use
- By sex and age detail livestock figures for the
module
- Factor quantities for the main model
06/07/2012
12
And the other task is definitely dealing with the simulation
Existing micro-understanding points to the importance of livestock in HHs livelihoods (Negassa RashidDebremehdin 2011)Coping with shocksStore of value (if missing markets for credits)Food, dairy, fuel, manure,etc.. As we have seen at the beginning of this presentation, livestock activities and products also account for a large share of macro flows But to understand livestock’s potential contribution to econ growth, we have to understand its role in productionDraft power, for example, is an essential input in production. About 80 pct of farmers use animal traction to plough their field (Benhke 2010)
Diao Pratt give both production and consumption explanations for this result re: livestock:Production-wise, they point to smaller share of poor farmers’ income from livestock (this misses the linkages)Consumption-wise, they point to smaller share of livestock products in consumption compared to staplesDorosh and Thurlow (09) calculate poverty-growth elasticities: pct decrease in poverty reduction (headcount rate) from a one percent increase in AG GDP from different sourcesCereal has 1.27, export crops 1.13, livestock led 0.35Livestock performs a bit better in drought prone and, mainly, in pastoralist AEZs