This document discusses animal welfare in commercial dairy operations. It defines animal welfare as an animal's ability to cope with its environment physically and mentally. The five freedoms framework is introduced as indicators of good welfare: freedom from hunger/thirst, discomfort, pain/injury/disease, freedom to express natural behaviors, and freedom from fear and distress. Current dairy practices that may compromise welfare are discussed, such as inadequate housing, nutrition, calf rearing and health issues. The document calls on vets to promote animal welfare knowledge and research to help harmonize welfare in commercial dairy systems.
The document discusses animal welfare from scientific, ethical, and legal perspectives. It defines animal welfare as considering how human actions affect the physical and mental states of animals. The concepts of physical status, mental status, and naturalness are introduced as three aspects of animal welfare. Behavioral indicators are an important tool for assessing animal welfare as behaviors reveal how animals feel and what they prefer. The Five Freedoms framework is also discussed as a common approach for evaluating animal welfare.
The document discusses the history and definitions of animal welfare. It notes that animal welfare was historically examined more in Europe than the US. Definitions of welfare have included the state of well-being, harmony with the environment, and meeting basic needs. The document also discusses the economic realities of poultry production that prioritize efficiency and profit over animal welfare.
This document discusses the importance of balanced diets for optimizing animal production. It defines key terms like balanced diet and animal productivity. It explains that animals cannot synthesize minerals and must obtain them through diet, but feed and fodders alone do not provide all required minerals. The document outlines various nutrients needed in animal diets and how balanced rations are necessary to meet nutritional needs as sole feeding of one ingredient is insufficient. Balanced rations can lead to greater returns through improved health, fertility and productivity. The consequences of imbalanced feeding like reduced growth and milk production are also described.
This document provides information on conformation in sheep. It defines conformation as the structural arrangement and physical appearance of an animal. Good conformation is important because physical traits are heritable and defects can reduce productivity. The document describes key aspects of conformation in sheep, including proper mouth and bite, sound legs and feet, appropriate muscling and proportions, and sex characteristics. It emphasizes the importance of balance, structural correctness, and freedom from defects when assessing conformation.
ANIMAL WELFARE
Animal welfare means how an animal is coping with the conditions in which it lives.
An animal is in a satisfactory state of wellbeing when it is healthy, comfortable, well nourished, safe, able to express its innate behaviour, and if it is not suffering from unpleasant states such as pain, fear and distress.(OIE)
The welfare of an individual is its state as regards its attempts to cope with its environment.An animal in good state of welfare is: -
healthy, well nourished
Comfortable, safe
Not suffering from unpleasant state such as pain, fear, and distress
Able to express natural behavior
Good AW requires disease prevention and veterinary treatment, appropriate shelter, management, nutrition, humane handling and humane slaughter and killing.
This PowerPoint presentation is from the third webinar in a five part series on Breeding Better Sheep & Goats. The presenter is Susan Schoenian, University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist.
The document discusses animal welfare from scientific, ethical, and legal perspectives. It defines animal welfare as considering how human actions affect the physical and mental states of animals. The concepts of physical status, mental status, and naturalness are introduced as three aspects of animal welfare. Behavioral indicators are an important tool for assessing animal welfare as behaviors reveal how animals feel and what they prefer. The Five Freedoms framework is also discussed as a common approach for evaluating animal welfare.
The document discusses the history and definitions of animal welfare. It notes that animal welfare was historically examined more in Europe than the US. Definitions of welfare have included the state of well-being, harmony with the environment, and meeting basic needs. The document also discusses the economic realities of poultry production that prioritize efficiency and profit over animal welfare.
This document discusses the importance of balanced diets for optimizing animal production. It defines key terms like balanced diet and animal productivity. It explains that animals cannot synthesize minerals and must obtain them through diet, but feed and fodders alone do not provide all required minerals. The document outlines various nutrients needed in animal diets and how balanced rations are necessary to meet nutritional needs as sole feeding of one ingredient is insufficient. Balanced rations can lead to greater returns through improved health, fertility and productivity. The consequences of imbalanced feeding like reduced growth and milk production are also described.
This document provides information on conformation in sheep. It defines conformation as the structural arrangement and physical appearance of an animal. Good conformation is important because physical traits are heritable and defects can reduce productivity. The document describes key aspects of conformation in sheep, including proper mouth and bite, sound legs and feet, appropriate muscling and proportions, and sex characteristics. It emphasizes the importance of balance, structural correctness, and freedom from defects when assessing conformation.
ANIMAL WELFARE
Animal welfare means how an animal is coping with the conditions in which it lives.
An animal is in a satisfactory state of wellbeing when it is healthy, comfortable, well nourished, safe, able to express its innate behaviour, and if it is not suffering from unpleasant states such as pain, fear and distress.(OIE)
The welfare of an individual is its state as regards its attempts to cope with its environment.An animal in good state of welfare is: -
healthy, well nourished
Comfortable, safe
Not suffering from unpleasant state such as pain, fear, and distress
Able to express natural behavior
Good AW requires disease prevention and veterinary treatment, appropriate shelter, management, nutrition, humane handling and humane slaughter and killing.
This PowerPoint presentation is from the third webinar in a five part series on Breeding Better Sheep & Goats. The presenter is Susan Schoenian, University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist.
This document discusses feeding strategies for high-yielding dairy cows. It notes that milk is synthesized from nutrients absorbed from the bloodstream. High yielders are defined as cows producing over 20 kg/day or buffaloes over 15 kg/day. Feeding strategies for high yielders include providing extra rations of high-quality roughage and concentrates, gradually increasing concentrates, and maintaining 14% crude protein. Challenge feeding involves increasing concentrates before calving to prepare cows for high milk production. Minerals like calcium, phosphorus and magnesium are also important to meet requirements and prevent issues like milk fever. Buffers help maintain rumen pH for optimal fiber digestion and milk fat levels.
Sheep and goats were among the first animals domesticated for dairy production around 6000-7000 BC. They are multi-purpose animals used for meat, milk, fiber, skins and more. While sheep and goats share some similarities as small ruminants, there are key physical, behavioral, and production differences between the two. The global sheep and goat populations are over 1 billion each, with China and India having the largest inventories. In the US, the sheep industry has declined since WWII but the goat industry has grown, focused mainly on meat production in Texas. Both industries face challenges around infrastructure, regulations, and competition.
Introduction to livestock housing and shelter managementKabul University
The presentation was a part of a lecture at ANASTU university. It describes the history of livestock housing, the introduction of animal behavior, and building design according to their behaviors. Livestock housing and shelter management is the manipulation of the microclimate of animals to suit best to their welfare reducing climatic stress without affecting much to the cost of construction. Problems related to housing cost, ventilation, scarce resources, hygiene, a manifestation of the disease, behavioral concerns.
Three key factors that determine dairy herd health and productivity are nutrition, cow comfort, and reproduction. Cows must be well-fed, in a comfortable environment, and bred in a timely manner to achieve their production potential. Facilities should provide adequate shade, bedding, and access to fresh water and feed. Good hygiene and biosecurity help prevent disease transmission. The dairy cow's life cycle follows a predictable pattern from birth through lactation, breeding, calving, and culling or drying off. Close management during transition periods around calving impacts health, fertility and longevity.
This document discusses small animal nutrition for dogs and cats at different life stages. It outlines a two-step clinical nutrition process of assessing the patient and developing a feeding plan. It provides information on calculating energy requirements, including calculating resting energy requirement and daily energy requirement. Key nutrients like protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals are reviewed for different life stages, including growth, reproduction, lactation, adulthood and senior stages. The importance of matching an animal's diet to their life stage is emphasized.
The document discusses the reasons why horses need to be shod and the shoeing process. It states that while shoeing has benefits like protecting the hoof from wear and providing traction, it is ultimately a necessary evil since it increases shock and weight. The document outlines how domestication led to foot problems in horses by changing their environment and diet. It then discusses how farriers should properly shoe horses, including fitting the shoe to the foot and reshoeing every 4-6 weeks. Common hoof issues like splayfoot and contracted heels are also described.
The document discusses feeding practices for livestock in India. It notes that feeding accounts for 70% of total livestock production costs. Major constraints to feeding include scarcity of quality feed resources and imbalanced feeding. The document recommends strategies like precision feeding, using protected nutrients like bypass protein and fat, area-specific mineral mixtures, feed processing techniques like silage and complete feed blocks. It provides feeding schedules and formulations for dairy cattle, poultry and laying hens. The document emphasizes adopting the right feeding strategies tailored to individual animal needs for economical and sustainable livestock production.
Farm hygiene and biosecurity practices are implemented at both breeder and broiler farms to reduce the risk of disease agents moving on to farms from outside sources (eg wild bird populations or from other farms), the movement of disease agents between sheds on the same farm, carry over of disease agents from one batch to the next in the shed environment, and carry over of disease agents from breeding flocks to their progeny via the egg. Farmers take a range of precautions to prevent entry of diseases onto broiler farms.
This document provides guidelines for calf rearing, including colostrum feeding, milk feeding amounts and schedules, housing, and general health management. The key recommendations are to feed colostrum within the first 8 hours, provide 8-10% of birth weight in milk daily for 8 weeks, house calves individually until 1 month old, and clean and disinfect housing and equipment regularly. Basic principles like cleanliness, adequate colostrum and nutrition, and preventing stress are essential to successful calf rearing.
Mastitis in dairy cattle causes and treatmenthamed attia
Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland usually caused by bacterial infection. It affects 25-30% of dairy cow quarters and costs $200 per cow per year on average. Mastitis can be contagious, spread from cow to cow during milking, or environmental, caused by bacteria in bedding and housing areas. Diagnosis involves checking for signs of inflammation, abnormal milk, and confirming infection using california mastitis tests or culture. Treatment depends on the type and severity of mastitis and may include antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, and supportive therapies like fluid therapy. Prevention focuses on proper milking techniques, hygiene, nutrition, treatment of clinical cases, and culling of chronically infected cows
This document provides information on feeding management of sheep and goats. It discusses the importance of feed costs in livestock production. Key points include feeding schedules for kids from birth to weaning based on milk, creep feed, and forage intake. It also outlines nutrition requirements and feeding practices for does based on their stage of production such as dry, breeding, gestation and lactation. Different feeding systems for goats like tethering, intensive and extensive systems are also summarized.
This document discusses intensive sheep production systems that involve confinement in buildings or dry lots with minimal grazing. Some key aspects covered include using confinement for various stages of production like gestation and lactation. Housing, feeding, breeding, nutrient management, animal welfare, and marketing are major considerations. Intensive systems allow for greater control but also have higher costs. While intensive production may have advantages like reducing parasites and predators, it also has disadvantages such as increased investment, feed costs, and labor needs. Producers must evaluate their goals, resources, and markets to determine if an intensive system makes economic sense for their operation.
The Importance of Good Handling Skills for Dairy CowsDAIReXNET
Dr. Proudfoot presented this information for DAIReXNET on November 5, 2015. To see the full recorded webinar, please visit http://www.extension.org/pages/15830/archived-dairy-cattle-webinars
Priority areas of livestock sector for strengthening food and nutrition secur...ILRI
Presented by Tek B. Gurung and Bimal K. Nirmal at the Workshop on transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research and development, Kathmandu, Nepal, 13-14 November 2018
The document discusses transition cow management, which refers to the three weeks before and after calving. This is an important period as the cow's metabolism and nutrient demands dramatically increase. How the cow copes during this transition period will impact her performance for the rest of the lactation cycle. The document outlines the goals, stages, and feeding recommendations for transition cows. It emphasizes the importance of meeting calcium and energy demands through close-up rations with proper DCAD levels to minimize health issues in fresh cows.
Discovering Hidden Feed Costs for the Milking HerdDAIReXNET
Dr. Mike Brouk of Kansas State University presented this information as part of DAIReXNET's webinar series on November 7, 2013. For more information, please see our archived webinars page at www.extension.org/pages/15830/archived-dairy-cattle-webinars.
Current Options in Farm Animal Welfare Audits - Jim ReynoldsDAIReXNET
Dr Jim Reynolds presented this information on February 8th 2012 for DAIReXNET. He discussed the various options available for animal welfare certification on dairy farms, as well as what certification is and how to decide if it's right for you or your clients.
This document discusses feeding strategies for high-yielding dairy cows. It notes that milk is synthesized from nutrients absorbed from the bloodstream. High yielders are defined as cows producing over 20 kg/day or buffaloes over 15 kg/day. Feeding strategies for high yielders include providing extra rations of high-quality roughage and concentrates, gradually increasing concentrates, and maintaining 14% crude protein. Challenge feeding involves increasing concentrates before calving to prepare cows for high milk production. Minerals like calcium, phosphorus and magnesium are also important to meet requirements and prevent issues like milk fever. Buffers help maintain rumen pH for optimal fiber digestion and milk fat levels.
Sheep and goats were among the first animals domesticated for dairy production around 6000-7000 BC. They are multi-purpose animals used for meat, milk, fiber, skins and more. While sheep and goats share some similarities as small ruminants, there are key physical, behavioral, and production differences between the two. The global sheep and goat populations are over 1 billion each, with China and India having the largest inventories. In the US, the sheep industry has declined since WWII but the goat industry has grown, focused mainly on meat production in Texas. Both industries face challenges around infrastructure, regulations, and competition.
Introduction to livestock housing and shelter managementKabul University
The presentation was a part of a lecture at ANASTU university. It describes the history of livestock housing, the introduction of animal behavior, and building design according to their behaviors. Livestock housing and shelter management is the manipulation of the microclimate of animals to suit best to their welfare reducing climatic stress without affecting much to the cost of construction. Problems related to housing cost, ventilation, scarce resources, hygiene, a manifestation of the disease, behavioral concerns.
Three key factors that determine dairy herd health and productivity are nutrition, cow comfort, and reproduction. Cows must be well-fed, in a comfortable environment, and bred in a timely manner to achieve their production potential. Facilities should provide adequate shade, bedding, and access to fresh water and feed. Good hygiene and biosecurity help prevent disease transmission. The dairy cow's life cycle follows a predictable pattern from birth through lactation, breeding, calving, and culling or drying off. Close management during transition periods around calving impacts health, fertility and longevity.
This document discusses small animal nutrition for dogs and cats at different life stages. It outlines a two-step clinical nutrition process of assessing the patient and developing a feeding plan. It provides information on calculating energy requirements, including calculating resting energy requirement and daily energy requirement. Key nutrients like protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals are reviewed for different life stages, including growth, reproduction, lactation, adulthood and senior stages. The importance of matching an animal's diet to their life stage is emphasized.
The document discusses the reasons why horses need to be shod and the shoeing process. It states that while shoeing has benefits like protecting the hoof from wear and providing traction, it is ultimately a necessary evil since it increases shock and weight. The document outlines how domestication led to foot problems in horses by changing their environment and diet. It then discusses how farriers should properly shoe horses, including fitting the shoe to the foot and reshoeing every 4-6 weeks. Common hoof issues like splayfoot and contracted heels are also described.
The document discusses feeding practices for livestock in India. It notes that feeding accounts for 70% of total livestock production costs. Major constraints to feeding include scarcity of quality feed resources and imbalanced feeding. The document recommends strategies like precision feeding, using protected nutrients like bypass protein and fat, area-specific mineral mixtures, feed processing techniques like silage and complete feed blocks. It provides feeding schedules and formulations for dairy cattle, poultry and laying hens. The document emphasizes adopting the right feeding strategies tailored to individual animal needs for economical and sustainable livestock production.
Farm hygiene and biosecurity practices are implemented at both breeder and broiler farms to reduce the risk of disease agents moving on to farms from outside sources (eg wild bird populations or from other farms), the movement of disease agents between sheds on the same farm, carry over of disease agents from one batch to the next in the shed environment, and carry over of disease agents from breeding flocks to their progeny via the egg. Farmers take a range of precautions to prevent entry of diseases onto broiler farms.
This document provides guidelines for calf rearing, including colostrum feeding, milk feeding amounts and schedules, housing, and general health management. The key recommendations are to feed colostrum within the first 8 hours, provide 8-10% of birth weight in milk daily for 8 weeks, house calves individually until 1 month old, and clean and disinfect housing and equipment regularly. Basic principles like cleanliness, adequate colostrum and nutrition, and preventing stress are essential to successful calf rearing.
Mastitis in dairy cattle causes and treatmenthamed attia
Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland usually caused by bacterial infection. It affects 25-30% of dairy cow quarters and costs $200 per cow per year on average. Mastitis can be contagious, spread from cow to cow during milking, or environmental, caused by bacteria in bedding and housing areas. Diagnosis involves checking for signs of inflammation, abnormal milk, and confirming infection using california mastitis tests or culture. Treatment depends on the type and severity of mastitis and may include antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, and supportive therapies like fluid therapy. Prevention focuses on proper milking techniques, hygiene, nutrition, treatment of clinical cases, and culling of chronically infected cows
This document provides information on feeding management of sheep and goats. It discusses the importance of feed costs in livestock production. Key points include feeding schedules for kids from birth to weaning based on milk, creep feed, and forage intake. It also outlines nutrition requirements and feeding practices for does based on their stage of production such as dry, breeding, gestation and lactation. Different feeding systems for goats like tethering, intensive and extensive systems are also summarized.
This document discusses intensive sheep production systems that involve confinement in buildings or dry lots with minimal grazing. Some key aspects covered include using confinement for various stages of production like gestation and lactation. Housing, feeding, breeding, nutrient management, animal welfare, and marketing are major considerations. Intensive systems allow for greater control but also have higher costs. While intensive production may have advantages like reducing parasites and predators, it also has disadvantages such as increased investment, feed costs, and labor needs. Producers must evaluate their goals, resources, and markets to determine if an intensive system makes economic sense for their operation.
The Importance of Good Handling Skills for Dairy CowsDAIReXNET
Dr. Proudfoot presented this information for DAIReXNET on November 5, 2015. To see the full recorded webinar, please visit http://www.extension.org/pages/15830/archived-dairy-cattle-webinars
Priority areas of livestock sector for strengthening food and nutrition secur...ILRI
Presented by Tek B. Gurung and Bimal K. Nirmal at the Workshop on transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research and development, Kathmandu, Nepal, 13-14 November 2018
The document discusses transition cow management, which refers to the three weeks before and after calving. This is an important period as the cow's metabolism and nutrient demands dramatically increase. How the cow copes during this transition period will impact her performance for the rest of the lactation cycle. The document outlines the goals, stages, and feeding recommendations for transition cows. It emphasizes the importance of meeting calcium and energy demands through close-up rations with proper DCAD levels to minimize health issues in fresh cows.
Discovering Hidden Feed Costs for the Milking HerdDAIReXNET
Dr. Mike Brouk of Kansas State University presented this information as part of DAIReXNET's webinar series on November 7, 2013. For more information, please see our archived webinars page at www.extension.org/pages/15830/archived-dairy-cattle-webinars.
Current Options in Farm Animal Welfare Audits - Jim ReynoldsDAIReXNET
Dr Jim Reynolds presented this information on February 8th 2012 for DAIReXNET. He discussed the various options available for animal welfare certification on dairy farms, as well as what certification is and how to decide if it's right for you or your clients.
Economic Analysis Tools for Dairy Reproduction ProgramsDAIReXNET
This material was presented by Dr. Victor Cabrera for DAIReXNET on Monday, April 8, 2013. For more information, please see our archived webinars page at www.extension.org/pages/15830/archived-dairy-cattle-webinars.
New Tools to Manage Reproduction ProgramsDAIReXNET
Dr. Paul Fricke presented this information as a webinar for DAIReXNET on Monday, April 22, 2013. For more information, please see our archived webinars page at www.extension.org/pages/15830/archived-dairy-cattle-webinars.
Heat stress occurs in dairy cattle when the animal cannot dissipate enough heat to maintain its normal body temperature. The temperature humidity index (THI) is used to measure heat stress, with values above 68 indicating the start of heat stress and above 78 considered dangerous. High temperatures and humidity impair the cow's ability to cool through sweating and panting, reducing feed intake, milk production and fertility. Proper management through shade, cooling, and adjusting feeding times can help alleviate heat stress in dairy cattle.
Factors affecting quality and quantity of milk in dairy cattleDr. IRSHAD A
The document summarizes factors that affect the quantity and quality of milk produced by dairy cattle. It discusses physiological factors like breed, age, lactation stage, and environmental factors like nutrition, climate, and management practices. Higher quality milk has a lower somatic cell count and bacterial content. Milk quantity is most impacted by breed, age, lactation stage, dry period length, calving season, and nutrition. Milk composition varies by genetic factors, breed, lactation stage, milking practices, season, and health issues like mastitis.
Cows are mainly farmed for their milk, which is taken from the farm by refrigerated tankers and brought to a factory. There, the milk is pasteurized by heating it to 71 degrees Celsius for 15 seconds to kill bacteria before being bottled or packaged for sale. Dairy cows need to have a calf each year to produce milk for human consumption. The calves are either raised as future dairy cows or for beef production.
Submit maintain animal health and welfare presentationsamanthamwest
This document discusses animal welfare and legislation regarding maintaining animal health and welfare. It provides outlines for basic welfare based on stockmanship, noting that boredom and low care can affect animal mental state. Laws aim to ensure animals have proper care and a "neutral welfare." Key legislation like the Animals Welfare Act 2006 establishes five needs for animals: suitable diet, ability to exhibit normal behavior, protection from pain/suffering, suitable environment, and being housed with/apart from others appropriately. This legislation affects daily animal care regimes by requiring suitable environments, diets, social needs be met depending in the species.
Global Hunger - Food Security Initiative (Feed the Future)copppldsecretariat
Presentation from the Livestock Inter-Agency Donor Group (IADG) Meeting 2010. 4-5 May 2010 Italy, Rome IFAD Headquarters.
The event involved approximately 45 representatives from the international partner agencies to discuss critical needs for livestock development and research issues for the coming decade.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
The document provides an outline for a presentation by Dr. Kelvin Momanyi of World Animal Protection on humane and sustainable poultry farming. The presentation covers: an introduction to World Animal Protection and their work; the Farm Animal Responsible Minimum Standards (FARMS) for poultry; an assessment of animal welfare using the Five Animal Freedoms framework; asks of producers, retailers, and governments to support higher welfare farming; and a conclusion. The document also includes definitions and discussions of key concepts like factory farming, sustainability, and animal welfare.
This document contains the schedule and topics for a presentation on five important topics for sheep and goat producers: hoof health, increasing birthing rates, minimizing feed costs, maximizing the potential of orphans, and managing internal parasitism. Each topic includes 3-5 bullet points outlining key information and recommendations. The presentation provides practical advice on maintaining hoof health, improving birthing percentages through genetic and management strategies, balancing rations to reduce feed costs, caring for orphan lambs and kids, and controlling internal parasites.
Use of goats in poverty alleviation and potential effects on the environmentcopppldsecretariat
Goats are a powerful tool in assistance to alleviate poverty and they are also a powerful tool to utilize scarce vegetation in areas not suitable for other forms of agricultural production. If goats are kept in a wrong place and not managed well they may, however, destroy the environment.
According to this paper, financed by DanChurchAid, the solution to the dilemma between the very efficient and useful goats for the poor people and the potential very destructive goats for the environment is found in intelligent management of the goats and not in preventing poor people to keep goats. Education and training of the goats keepers combined with punishment for possible bad management may be a practical solution.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
This document provides an overview of farm animals in the United States. It discusses that most farm animals are raised to be killed for meat, though some are kept for other purposes like eggs or wool. It notes that in 2007 there were more farm animals in the US than humans globally. The document then discusses the treatment of various farm animals, including that chickens, pigs, and dairy cows are often intensively confined and productionized. It also outlines some of the health and welfare issues for these animals and notes the minimal regulation and enforcement of humane treatment standards.
The document discusses animal husbandry practices for raising livestock such as cattle and poultry. It covers topics like cattle breeds, dairy and draught animals, cattle diseases and their prevention, poultry breeds, egg and meat production, and fish farming. The key aspects are breeding cattle to improve milk yield through cross-breeding of indigenous and exotic breeds, maintaining animal health through vaccination and sanitation, and managing poultry and fish farms for optimal meat and egg production.
This document provides information on pig management, including the advantages and disadvantages of pig farming, chemical composition of pork, breeding management factors, selection of boars and sows, guidelines for pig reproduction, management at breeding, detection of heat in sows, feeding management considerations, and water requirements. Some key advantages listed are pigs' efficient conversion of feed to meat, high reproductive rates, and ability to utilize various feed sources. Breeding management covers selection criteria and breeding systems. Feeding discusses pigs' digestion and nutrition needs.
The document provides an overview of sustainable goat production, covering feeding, health, and pasture management. Goats are ruminants that thrive on pasture, utilizing brush and vegetation inaccessible to cattle. Integrating goats into grazing systems improves land quality and income. Proper fencing and rotational grazing are necessary to prevent overgrazing and allow forage regrowth. Management intensive grazing maximizes forage quality and grazing capacity.
This document provides an overview of sustainable goat production. It discusses selecting healthy goats, feeding ruminants, raising goats on pasture through both continuous and controlled grazing, and related ATTRA publications on topics like dairy goats, meat goats, grazing, and predator control. The document is from the National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service and provides fundamental information on feeding, reproduction, health, and includes an extensive resource list for goat producers.
This document summarizes research on the behavior of laying hens and its impact on production. It discusses how hens' natural behaviors like foraging, dust bathing and perching are restricted in intensive cage systems, negatively impacting their welfare. Feeding strategies like twice-a-day feeding can help improve behavior like eating and reduce abnormal behaviors like object pecking. The stages of pre-laying, laying and post-laying behavior are described, noting how disruptions to these behaviors from factors like light timing or limited nest space can delay egg production or cause egg damage. Modifications like adding perches or cooling systems can help mitigate stress. Studies comparing strains found preferences for synchronized egg-laying that require adequate
This document summarizes Temple Grandin's book "Improving Animal Welfare: A Practical Approach". The book aims to provide practical information to help implement effective programs that improve farm animal welfare. It discusses using measurements to enhance welfare and productivity. It also covers improving livestock handling to reduce stress, addressing painful procedures, and auditing facilities to enhance welfare during transport and slaughter. The book emphasizes improving stockmanship, animal behavior understanding, and achieving practical welfare changes.
Dr. John Deen - Connecting the Dots: Animal Health, Well-Being & ProductivityJohn Blue
This document discusses various topics relating to farm animal welfare, including methods of slaughter, welfare policies, and factors that influence an animal's ability to flourish. It examines concepts such as the five freedoms, negative animal states, and mechanisms that can inhibit an animal's normal functions. Graphs and data are presented on topics like injury levels in sows, mortality risk after farrowing, and causes of sow death. The document emphasizes that improving welfare requires addressing both averages and outliers, and that caring for animals properly involves skill, patience and humility.
This document outlines the schedule and topics for a workshop on sheep and goat management. The first topic is maintaining hoof health, including the three main hoof diseases of foot scald, foot rot, and foot abscesses. Foot rot is highly contagious and difficult to eradicate. Other topics include increasing birthing rates through genetic selection, nutrition management, and culling practices. The final topic is on internal parasite management.
How to Change the Hearts and Minds of a Concerned PublicKevin Folta
This document discusses strategies for communicating about agricultural biotechnology and genetically engineered crops. It begins by outlining common concerns people express about farming practices and corporate control of the food system. It then explains that the reality is our food supply is the safest and most abundant in history due to technologies like genetic engineering. The document provides tips for effective communication, such as starting discussions by emphasizing shared values like feeding the hungry and protecting the environment. It also recommends focusing on scientific facts and personal stories to build trust. Examples are given of genetically engineered crops that could help farmers and consumers but face opposition, like golden rice which could reduce vitamin A deficiency. The document concludes by discussing the promise of new technologies like gene editing.
The document discusses goat welfare. It notes that goats are raised for milk, meat, wool and fiber, and that goat welfare is important for disease prevention and healthy living conditions. Basic welfare requirements for goats include adequate food, water, space, and protection from climate extremes, predators, and disease. The document outlines management practices during pregnancy and after birth, as well as drought management and the role of animal welfare societies.
This document discusses strategies for enhancing food production through animal husbandry, farm management, animal breeding, and fisheries. It covers dairy and poultry farm management, objectives of animal breeding such as improved growth and disease resistance, and techniques for breeding including inbreeding, outbreeding, crossbreeding, and artificial insemination. Beekeeping and practices for successful fisheries are also summarized.
TRAINING OF AASPs& FARMERS UNDER DLSP 2013.mubiru rashid
This document provides information on livestock production and management in Buliisa District. It covers topics such as common breeds of livestock, production systems, breeding and reproduction, housing, health and hygiene, good management practices, and marketing. The main livestock discussed are cattle, goats, sheep, pigs and poultry. Housing requirements, health issues, records keeping and economic considerations for profitable livestock farming are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of mouse biology, behavior, husbandry, health, and handling for research purposes. It covers mouse basics including lifespan, puberty, gestation periods. Behavior categories like maintenance, investigative and social interactions are defined. Husbandry guidelines around caging and health assessment focuses are provided. Common health issues seen in mice like alopecia, dermatitis and malocclusion are described. Signs of pain and distress, acclimatization periods, definitions of handling and restraint, and common tools are also summarized. Basic safety information around bites and zoonotic disease is given.
The document discusses sex, gender, and culture. It defines sex as biological differences between males and females, such as physical characteristics. Gender is defined as socially constructed roles, behaviors, and attributes that are seen as masculine or feminine. The document examines differences in male and female physiology and possible evolutionary explanations. It also discusses gender roles versus sex roles, and how gender roles are learned behaviors that can vary across cultures, while sex roles are based on biological functions. The roles of males and females in subsistence activities and political leadership are also analyzed.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
1. ‘Welfare of Cattle’
in Commercial Dairy Operations
Khushboo Gupta & Dr.M.L.Kamboj
Coordinator-Farm Senior Scientist
Animals, LPM, NDRI
FIAPO
2. What is Animal Welfare?
• The ability of an animal to cope
physiologically, behaviorally, cognitively and emotionally
with its physiochemical and social life
environment, including the animal‟s subjective
experience of its condition
(Gonyou, 1993; Duncan & Fraser,1997;Scott,2004)
• State of well-being, in which at least basic needs are met
and suffering is minimized
(Spedding, 2000)
3. Oie- Office International Des Epizooties
on Animal Welfare
“Animal welfare means how an animal is coping with the conditions
in which it lives. An animal is in a good state of welfare if (as
indicated by scientific evidence) it is healthy, comfortable, well
nourished, safe, able to express innate behaviour, and if it is not
suffering from unpleasant states such as pain, fear, and distress”
Good animal welfare requires disease prevention and veterinary
treatment, appropriate shelter, management, nutrition and humane
handling
4. Why Animal Welfare?
• Animals are sentient beings: Emotional
aspect of using animals
• The reality of dairy industry is different
from what is shown in advertisements for
publicity of animal products
• Consumer awareness
• “Well managed and gently handled
animals are productive than anxious
animals , or those handled roughly”
(Pawelek &
Croney,2003)
5. Indian dairy industry- A brief overview
• India has a population of 199.1 Million cows
and 105.3 Million buffalos(2007 Census)
• Prevalence of cross bred cows & various
breeds of buffalo
• Dairying as a tool for rural empowerment-
livelihood & food security
• Specially for small farmers
• Shift in nature of dairying: from household to
commercial
• Completely production oriented
• Dairy industry superficially regulated
6. Prevailing Milk Production Systems
{Typologies}
• Large commercial dairy
• Urban & peri- urban dairy
• Small holder backyard farmers
• Government farms & breeding centres
• Gaushalas
7. Milk production to be doubled by 2020
• Strengthening of present small holder
in the country
OR
• Start large commercial units with
numerous milk producing cows
11. Freedom from
thirst, hunger
and
Freedom malnutrition
Freedom to
from express
discomfort normal
due to behavior for
environment the species
The
5
Freedoms
Freedom
Freedom
from
from fear
pain, injury
and distress
and disease
12. Freedom statement What it entails
Freedom from Hunger and Thirst Ready access to fresh water and a diet to
maintain full health and vigour
Freedom from Discomfort Providing an appropriate environment
including shelter and a comfortable resting
area.
Freedom from Pain, Injury or Disease Prevention or rapid diagnosis and
treatment.
Freedom to Express Normal Behaviour Providing sufficient space, proper facilities
and company of the animal's own kind.
Freedom from Fear and Distress Ensuring conditions and treatment which
avoid mental suffering.
13. Indicators of Reduced
Animal Welfare
Bar biting Milk
Tongue rolling Reduced feed production
Wind sucking intake, decreased,
Cut
Inter/Cross- Immune Body Weight
Injury
sucking suppression, decreased,
Body damage
Eye rolling Adrenal activity Reproduction
Tail biting altered impaired,
15. Production & Reproduction
• Growth hormones
- bST
• Diet related/ nutritional problems
- challenge feeding, milk fever ( calcium
intake vs milk extraction) etc
• „One calf an year‟
- Metabolism of animal & male calves
- Longevity
- Effect on consistent productivity
16. Housing
• Tie stalls
“Mammary infections and/or teat injuries have been found into be
more common in cows kept in tie stalls compared to cows kept in
free stalls or straw yards”
(Hultgren J.2002)
• Lying space
“Lying behaviour plays a critical role in the production potential,
profitability and welfare status of intensively managed dairy cattle.
When cows are deprived of adequate lying time, their welfare may
be reduced”
(Fregonesi & Leaver (2001) & Cooper et al. (2008) )
• Freedom of movement
17. Typical daily time budget for a lactating
dairy cow
Activity Time devoted to activity per day
Eating 3 to 5 h (9 to 14 meals/d)
Lying/resting 12 to 14 h
Social interactions 2 to 3 h
Ruminating 7 to 10 h
Drinking 30 min
Outside pen (milking, travel
2.5 to 3.5 h
time)
Grant and Albright, 2000
18. Cows have a strong behavioral need to rest
Relationship between resting time and milk yield in dairy cows
Grant, 2004
19. Cows will take more rest when
• Microclimate inside the house is comfortable
• Comfortable resting place is available
• They are not over crowded
• Surface of the floor is conducive for rest
- not hot in summers
- not cool in winters
- not slippery
20. In order to maximize milk production, a cow should
spend over 12 hours, or more than 50% of her
day, lying in a stall or a pasture
Ryan A., 2010
21. Flooring
• Concrete floors
“ The presence of excreta on walking surfaces causes discomfort to
cows and predisposes them to developing leg and foot problems”
(Wells et al. 2008)
• The greater use of free stall housing with concrete floors may be
contributing to reproductive loss.
(Phillips and Morris, 2001)
• Concrete flooring has also been blamed for a higher incidence of
lameness in modern dairy cows
Lame cows with claw lesions (approximately 18% of the herd) were
half as likely to conceive when compared to healthy cows
(Hernandez et al., 2001)
22.
23. Concrete
floor
Stress Lameness Diet
Decline in
performance
24. Calf Rearing
• Separation from mother
(Day old weaning)
• Feed to calves
-Biased feeding
-Male in
buffalos, female in local &
draught breeds
• Male calves (young &
adult)
- Disposal in young and
adult mainly in cross bred
cows
-
Unwanted, uncared, unno
25.
26. Other problems…
• Inadequate feeding
-Increased aggression in the feeding area when
cows are overcrowded has been noted by a number
of researchers (Olofsson, 1999; DeVries et al., 2004; DeVries and
von Keyserlingk, 2006,Huzzey et al., 2006)
• Frequent re -grouping
• Locomotion and activity
• Physical- Lameness, mastitis, tail docking, de
horning
• Branding
• Handling, transport & slaughter
27. Are current dairy production systems
ethical?
Considerations:
– Animal welfare
• Is the animal harmed?
• Are the animals‟ needs met?
– Human obligations
• Are the animals being used responsibly?
• What is the impact on the environment?
(Croney,
2004)
28. Dairy operators’ approach to welfare
• Many would like to spend more on
improving cow health and welfare
– But variation in attitudes
• Not always clear return on investment for
health / welfare matters
29. Fears in adopting animal welfare
• Unclear about what it entails
• Avoid making large, expensive
changes
• Unaware of the impacts of poor
animal welfare
• Misconception that animal welfare is
being taken care of
31. YOU can make a difference to lives of
thousands of animals at dairies!
By enhancing your knowledge on animal
welfare
By introducing your students to this concept &
By including AW in course curricula- UG & PG
level
By encouraging research in this area
By publishing scholarly articles on
‘harmonizing animal welfare in dairy
operations’
By vocalizing animal welfare at scientific fora
By advising commercial dairy operators to
adopt welfare practices
32. FIAPO’s efforts….
• Developing scientific scaling methods
to assess welfare of dairy cows
across different typologies of milk
production units in India
• Development of strategy to promote
animal welfare of dairy animals
33. Possible Strategy to promote AW
• Development of a national code of dairy standards
• Incorporation of dairy standards in the Bureau of
Indian Standards
• Up gradation of Registration of cattle premises rules
• Work with Animal Husbandry departments to adopt
dairy code
• AH depts. to include animal welfare indicators such
as housing and waste disposal as eligibility for dairy
promotion schemes
34. Strategy continued…..
• Invoke India’s commitment to international covenants
and treaties
• IEC to farmers
• Capacity building of cooperatives to ensure
functionaries to ensure compliance of animal welfare
practices by their members.
• NIAW to run training programme on animal welfare best
practices in dairy operations
• Consumer outreach & public awareness
• Network of dairy scientists & progressive dairy farmers
35. Applying good animal welfare can be
as simple as applying good
husbandry practices on consistent
basis
36. Good animal welfare
EQUALS
Better health
Improved productivity
Quality products
Increased overall profitability
37. I can be reached at-
Email: khushboo@fiapo.org
Contact: 09717867045
THANK YOU!
www.fiapo.org
Editor's Notes
Animal Rights: a belief system that animals intrinsically have the same rights to life and liberty as afforded to humans (Getz and Baker, 1990)
World organization for animal health
Animals are sentient being who fell pain, thirst, hunger, fear…Animal have always been part of living and cows specially have a religious sentiment attached for a large number of people in India. Advertisements show cows in lush green pastures, blue water in streams, and clear blue skies .Pastoral images that portray the wholesomeness of the environment where cows produce milk - healthy cows, healthy environment, and a healthy food. We all know that the reality is different.Increased consumer awareness- about how food animals are treated , cared for and what happens to them?Research reference:Understanding and addressing issues related to well being of livestock, R.Pawelek and C.Croney, March 2003
Livestock census, 2007
There are two possible ways to meet this milk demand-Strengthen the present small holder system…which calls for intensive work with the farmer, giving appropriate door step services to the farmer, strengthening veterinary services, ensuring capacity of the farmer to feed its livestock, educating him about various diseases and by enhancing his traditional knowledge by introducing the best husbandry practices to him…….and increase milk production while preserving symbiotic relationship between man & animal..and let dairying be the tool for rural empowermentThe other way is to let private entrepreneurs set up factories to produce milk and conquer market in no time… The noticeable trend in the country is rise of commercial dairy farming in order to meet milk demands of the country..No lets look at what’s animal welfare?
The concept of Five Freedoms originated with the Report of the Technical Committee to Enquire into the Welfare of Animals kept under Intensive Livestock Husbandry Systems, the Brambell Report, December 1965 (HMSO London, ISBN 0 10 850286 4). This stated that farm animals should have freedom “to stand up, lie down, turn around, groom themselves and stretch their limbs
Innate problems in commercial dairy operations
Growth hormones: 25% mastitis increase (Bovine SomatoTrophicharmone), lameness & other problems, diminished body conditionRepeated pregnancy: Faulty AI, quacks in AI services, self medication ‘One calf an year’ - In order to continue to produce milk, dairy cows must calve yearly and will typically become pregnant again three months after calving.
Many health problems are associated with use of tie stalls. Lying space
In indoor systems, flooring is customarily concrete, as it is inexpensive, easy to clean and maintain. However, it can cause harm to cows as it is hard, abrasive and slippery due to urineBecause lame cows typically walk at the back of the herd they are more affected by an impatient handler; they are crowded together and cannot see where to place their feet (Ref: The welfare of cattle in dairy production, farm sanctuary)
Further problems when they become bulls
> Naturally cows are active animals who love to forage, explore, lick each other, sniff and groom. Commercial dairy operations do not provide them opportunity to express their natural behaviour and needs such as walking and exercise.> Researchers in France found out that cattle move up the hierarchy because of such traits. Cattle live inhierarchically ranked groups and begin to order themselves at a young age. Physical communication and grooming helpto establish this social ranking.
Explain typologies and on going work and invite contributors