RIGHT AND LEFT SIDED HEART FAILURE.pptx
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This document discusses right and left sided heart failure. Right sided heart failure affects the right side of the heart which collects deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. Left sided heart failure affects the left side which pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body. It describes the signs, symptoms, complications, causes, nursing management, medical management including medications like beta blockers and diuretics, and surgical options for treating heart failure.
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Heart Failure
Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It has many potential causes, but is often due to problems with the heart muscle itself or valves. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms with diuretics, and slowing progression with ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and aldosterone antagonists. Other therapies aim to improve heart function or treat underlying causes. Prognosis depends on severity but ranges from 5-50% annual mortality.
Heart failure
This presentation provides an overview of heart failure, including:
1. It defines heart failure as when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to meet the body's needs, which can result from systolic or diastolic dysfunction.
2. Some key statistics on the incidence and prevalence of heart failure worldwide and in India are presented.
3. Heart failure is classified in different ways such as whether it affects the left or right side of the heart, and whether it involves forward or backward failure.
4. The etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic assessment, medical management including medications, and surgical options for treatment are discussed at a high level.
Management of Heart failure
Definition of heart failure - causes and types of heart failure - pathophysiology and risky factors for heart failure - Diagnosis clinical manifestations and investigations and classification of heart failure- treatment of chronic heart failure
Also Acute heart failure causes - clinical picture and treatment
Ccf
Heart failure is caused by conditions that weaken the heart muscle such as coronary artery disease and hypertension. The body compensates through mechanisms like the renin-angiotensin system which cause fluid retention, edema, and increased cardiac workload worsening the failure. Treatment goals include reducing preload and afterload through diuretics and vasodilators, improving oxygenation, and increasing contractility. Medications target neurohormonal activation through ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers and aldosterone blockade. For severe cases, devices like ICDs, CRT, LVADs and transplantation are used. Lifestyle changes and treating the underlying cause are also important.
Cor pulmonale
Cor pulmonale is a condition where the right ventricle of the heart enlarges and fails due to long-standing increased workload from diseases that affect the lungs like COPD. It is defined as hypertrophy and dilation of the right ventricle resulting from increased pulmonary vascular resistance. The main causes are chronic hypoxemia and pulmonary thromboembolism which lead to remodeling of the pulmonary arteries and increased pressure in the lungs. Over time, this puts strain on the right ventricle and can cause it to fail. Treatment focuses on reducing pulmonary pressures through oxygen therapy and vasodilators while managing symptoms of right heart failure.
Malignant hypertension
Malignant hypertension is a rare but serious form of high blood pressure characterized by a sudden onset of very high blood pressure along with damage to the eyes and kidneys. It occurs when blood pressure in the arteries rises quickly to severely high levels, with diastolic pressure often over 130 mmHg. Common causes include essential hypertension, kidney disease, and pregnancy-related issues. Symptoms may include blurred vision, chest pain, seizures, reduced urine output, and headaches. Diagnosis involves examining physical signs of organ damage and testing for complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, heart, and brain. Treatment aims to lower blood pressure gradually over hours to days to avoid dangerous drops, using short-acting intravenous drugs like nitroprusside
Heart Failure
Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by structural or functional abnormalities of the heart. Common causes include coronary artery disease and hypertension. Symptoms vary depending on whether the left or right side of the heart is predominantly affected, but may include shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. Diagnosis involves blood tests, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, and echocardiogram. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, treating underlying causes, and medications like diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers. Prognosis depends on severity and can include complications like arrhythmias, kidney impairment, and cachexia.
Cor pulmonale - october'18
Cor pulmonale is right ventricular heart failure caused by lung disease that leads to pulmonary hypertension. The most common cause is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It can be acute or chronic. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying lung condition, treating pulmonary hypertension with medications, diuretics for volume overload, anticoagulation for those at high risk of clots, and oxygen therapy. Prognosis depends on the specific lung disease, with cor pulmonale due to conditions like COPD generally having a poorer long term outlook.
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Heart Failure
Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It has many potential causes, but is often due to problems with the heart muscle itself or valves. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms with diuretics, and slowing progression with ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and aldosterone antagonists. Other therapies aim to improve heart function or treat underlying causes. Prognosis depends on severity but ranges from 5-50% annual mortality.
Heart failure
This presentation provides an overview of heart failure, including:
1. It defines heart failure as when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to meet the body's needs, which can result from systolic or diastolic dysfunction.
2. Some key statistics on the incidence and prevalence of heart failure worldwide and in India are presented.
3. Heart failure is classified in different ways such as whether it affects the left or right side of the heart, and whether it involves forward or backward failure.
4. The etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic assessment, medical management including medications, and surgical options for treatment are discussed at a high level.
Management of Heart failure
Definition of heart failure - causes and types of heart failure - pathophysiology and risky factors for heart failure - Diagnosis clinical manifestations and investigations and classification of heart failure- treatment of chronic heart failure
Also Acute heart failure causes - clinical picture and treatment
Ccf
Heart failure is caused by conditions that weaken the heart muscle such as coronary artery disease and hypertension. The body compensates through mechanisms like the renin-angiotensin system which cause fluid retention, edema, and increased cardiac workload worsening the failure. Treatment goals include reducing preload and afterload through diuretics and vasodilators, improving oxygenation, and increasing contractility. Medications target neurohormonal activation through ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers and aldosterone blockade. For severe cases, devices like ICDs, CRT, LVADs and transplantation are used. Lifestyle changes and treating the underlying cause are also important.
Cor pulmonale
Cor pulmonale is a condition where the right ventricle of the heart enlarges and fails due to long-standing increased workload from diseases that affect the lungs like COPD. It is defined as hypertrophy and dilation of the right ventricle resulting from increased pulmonary vascular resistance. The main causes are chronic hypoxemia and pulmonary thromboembolism which lead to remodeling of the pulmonary arteries and increased pressure in the lungs. Over time, this puts strain on the right ventricle and can cause it to fail. Treatment focuses on reducing pulmonary pressures through oxygen therapy and vasodilators while managing symptoms of right heart failure.
Malignant hypertension
Malignant hypertension is a rare but serious form of high blood pressure characterized by a sudden onset of very high blood pressure along with damage to the eyes and kidneys. It occurs when blood pressure in the arteries rises quickly to severely high levels, with diastolic pressure often over 130 mmHg. Common causes include essential hypertension, kidney disease, and pregnancy-related issues. Symptoms may include blurred vision, chest pain, seizures, reduced urine output, and headaches. Diagnosis involves examining physical signs of organ damage and testing for complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, heart, and brain. Treatment aims to lower blood pressure gradually over hours to days to avoid dangerous drops, using short-acting intravenous drugs like nitroprusside
Heart Failure
Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by structural or functional abnormalities of the heart. Common causes include coronary artery disease and hypertension. Symptoms vary depending on whether the left or right side of the heart is predominantly affected, but may include shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. Diagnosis involves blood tests, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, and echocardiogram. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, treating underlying causes, and medications like diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers. Prognosis depends on severity and can include complications like arrhythmias, kidney impairment, and cachexia.
Cor pulmonale - october'18
Cor pulmonale is right ventricular heart failure caused by lung disease that leads to pulmonary hypertension. The most common cause is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It can be acute or chronic. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying lung condition, treating pulmonary hypertension with medications, diuretics for volume overload, anticoagulation for those at high risk of clots, and oxygen therapy. Prognosis depends on the specific lung disease, with cor pulmonale due to conditions like COPD generally having a poorer long term outlook.
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, occurs when an area of heart muscle is damaged due to inadequate blood flow. It is usually caused by atherosclerosis leading to narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries. The left anterior descending artery supplies the anterior and septal walls of the heart, while the circumflex artery supplies the posterior and lateral walls. Obstruction of these arteries results in different types of MIs in the respective regions. Risk factors include age over 40, family history, male sex, obesity, diabetes, smoking, and hypertension. Symptoms include chest pain and potential radiation to the arm or shoulder. Diagnostic tests include electrocardiograms, cardiac enzymes, angiography, and imaging scans.
Endocarditis
Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart. It is usually caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses entering the bloodstream through invasive procedures like dental work or surgery. The microbes accumulate on the heart valves, forming vegetations that can damage the valves over time. Symptoms may include fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, and heart murmurs. Diagnosis involves blood cultures, echocardiography, and other tests. Treatment requires antibiotics and sometimes valve replacement surgery. Complications can include heart failure, embolism, and stroke if left untreated.
Heart failure ppt
Congestive cardiac failure is defined as a chronic condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be classified as systolic, diastolic, acute or chronic. Common causes include arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, hypertension, and obesity. Symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, and edema while signs include tachycardia and edema. Diagnosis involves tests such as ECG, echocardiogram, and blood tests. Management consists of medications like ACE inhibitors, diuretics, beta-blockers and lifestyle modifications like diet, exercise and smoking cessation.
Infective endocarditis
Infective endocarditis is a microbial infection of the heart valves or endocardium. It is characterized by the formation of vegetations composed of platelets, fibrin, microorganisms, and inflammatory cells. It occurs more commonly in males and the elderly. Streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common causes. Diagnosis involves blood cultures, echocardiography, and applying the Duke criteria. Complications include embolisms, heart failure, and metastatic infections. Treatment involves prolonged antibiotic therapy targeted to the infecting organism. Surgery may be needed for complications or uncontrolled infection. Antibiotic prophylaxis is now restricted to highest risk patients undergoing highest risk procedures.
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Rheumatic fever is an autoimmune disease that can develop as a result of a streptococcal throat infection. It causes inflammation of the heart, joints, brain, and skin. The disease is most common in children ages 5-15 in developing countries. It is diagnosed using the Modified Jones Criteria which looks for major criteria like heart inflammation, arthritis, subcutaneous nodules, and minor criteria like fever and joint pain along with evidence of a prior streptococcal infection. Treatment involves antibiotics to treat the infection as well as medications for symptoms while long term prevention relies on regular antibiotics.
Cor pulmonale
Cor pulmonale, or right heart failure, is caused by high blood pressure in the pulmonary artery and right ventricle due to conditions that restrict pulmonary blood flow such as chronic lung diseases. It develops when pulmonary hypertension leads to enlargement and failure of the right ventricle. Symptoms include shortness of breath, leg swelling, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves physical exam, imaging like echocardiogram and chest x-ray, and assessing pulmonary pressures. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying lung condition, giving diuretics and vasodilators, and may involve oxygen therapy or lung transplantation in severe cases.
Congestive heart failure
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Coronary artery disease (CAD)
The document discusses coronary artery disease (CAD). It begins with an introduction to coronary circulation and the importance of the coronary arteries in delivering blood to the heart muscle. It then discusses atherosclerosis, the primary cause of CAD. CAD is defined as the narrowing of one or more coronary arteries due to atherosclerotic plaque buildup, reducing blood flow to the heart. Risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, medical and surgical management, and lifestyle changes are summarized. Nursing assessment and management of patients with CAD are also outlined.
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Congestive heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by conditions present at birth like hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Symptoms include poor weight gain, fast breathing, and edema. Diagnosis involves chest x-ray, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and sometimes cardiac catheterization. Treatment focuses on underlying causes, medications to control symptoms like diuretics and digoxin, and surgery when possible to correct structural heart defects.
Congestive heart failure
This document provides information on congestive heart failure (CHF), including its definition, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, causes, precipitating factors, evaluation, monitoring, and management. CHF can be caused by conditions that weaken the heart muscle such as heart attacks or cardiomyopathy. It occurs when the heart cannot pump sufficiently due to problems with its electrical or mechanical function. Management involves treating underlying causes, reducing preload and afterload on the heart, and increasing cardiac contractility and output with medications, oxygen, and potentially devices like intra-aortic balloon pumps.
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This document discusses congestive heart failure (CHF). It provides epidemiological data on CHF, showing it affects millions of people worldwide and costs billions of dollars annually. It defines CHF as the heart's inability to meet circulatory demands and classifies it based on location (left vs right heart) and time course (acute vs chronic). Causes of acute and chronic CHF include myocardial infarction, hypertension, valvular diseases, and cardiomyopathies. The pathophysiology of CHF involves systolic and diastolic dysfunction that can lead to ventricular hypertrophy, dilation, and neurohormonal activation causing further organ damage.
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Angina pectoris is a type of chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood. It is caused by an imbalance between the heart's oxygen supply and demand. There are several types of angina including stable angina, unstable angina, and variant angina. Risk factors that can trigger angina include atherosclerosis, coronary artery spasm, increased cardiac output from exercise or stress, and damaged heart muscle. Diagnosis involves taking a medical history, physical exam, ECG, blood tests, imaging tests like angiography, and exercise testing. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, medications like nitroglycerin, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers, and procedures like
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Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop after a streptococcal infection such as strep throat. It results from an immune response to certain streptococcus bacteria. The disease affects multiple systems like the heart, joints, skin, and brain. Symptoms include painful migratory arthritis, inflammation of the heart valves, involuntary movements known as Sydenham's chorea, and transient rashes. Diagnosis involves confirming a prior streptococcal infection and meeting criteria for clinical manifestations. Treatment focuses on antibiotics for streptococcal infections and anti-inflammatories or other drugs depending on the organ(s) involved.
Heart failure
Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It results from conditions that damage or weaken the heart muscle such as hypertension, heart attack, or cardiomyopathy. Symptoms include dyspnea, fatigue, swelling, and weakness. Diagnosis involves chest x-rays, ECGs, and echocardiograms. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms with diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and addressing the underlying heart condition if possible through surgery or lifestyle changes.
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This document discusses ischemic heart disease and angina. It defines ischemic heart disease as a condition where there is inadequate blood supply and oxygen to the heart muscle. Angina is described as chest pain or discomfort caused by an imbalance between the heart's oxygen supply and demand. The document outlines the causes, types, risk factors, diagnosis, and management of angina through lifestyle modifications and medications like aspirin to control symptoms and reduce health risks.
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This document provides an overview of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), including its definition, classification, etiologies, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management. Key points include:
1) DCM is characterized by dilation and impaired contraction of the ventricles. Causes include genetic factors, viral myocarditis, toxins and idiopathic cases.
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3) Presentation varies from asymptomatic to heart failure symptoms. Management focuses on treating heart failure and its causes. Prognosis depends on the severity and reversibility of the underlying
Myocardial infarction
This document defines myocardial infarction and describes its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. A myocardial infarction occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, causing heart cell death. It causes chest pain and other symptoms like nausea and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves EKGs, blood tests of cardiac enzymes, and cardiac catheterization. Treatment depends on the severity but may include clot-busting drugs, angioplasty, stents, or coronary bypass surgery to restore blood flow. Goals are to preserve heart function and prevent complications like arrhythmias or heart failure.
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Heart Failure
Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can develop over time as the heart's pumping action weakens due to conditions like coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes damaging the heart. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause, reducing symptoms, and preventing worsening through lifestyle changes, medications, medical procedures if needed, and ongoing monitoring.
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Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, occurs when an area of heart muscle is damaged due to inadequate blood flow. It is usually caused by atherosclerosis leading to narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries. The left anterior descending artery supplies the anterior and septal walls of the heart, while the circumflex artery supplies the posterior and lateral walls. Obstruction of these arteries results in different types of MIs in the respective regions. Risk factors include age over 40, family history, male sex, obesity, diabetes, smoking, and hypertension. Symptoms include chest pain and potential radiation to the arm or shoulder. Diagnostic tests include electrocardiograms, cardiac enzymes, angiography, and imaging scans.
Endocarditis
Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart. It is usually caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses entering the bloodstream through invasive procedures like dental work or surgery. The microbes accumulate on the heart valves, forming vegetations that can damage the valves over time. Symptoms may include fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, and heart murmurs. Diagnosis involves blood cultures, echocardiography, and other tests. Treatment requires antibiotics and sometimes valve replacement surgery. Complications can include heart failure, embolism, and stroke if left untreated.
Heart failure ppt
Congestive cardiac failure is defined as a chronic condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be classified as systolic, diastolic, acute or chronic. Common causes include arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, hypertension, and obesity. Symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, and edema while signs include tachycardia and edema. Diagnosis involves tests such as ECG, echocardiogram, and blood tests. Management consists of medications like ACE inhibitors, diuretics, beta-blockers and lifestyle modifications like diet, exercise and smoking cessation.
Infective endocarditis
Infective endocarditis is a microbial infection of the heart valves or endocardium. It is characterized by the formation of vegetations composed of platelets, fibrin, microorganisms, and inflammatory cells. It occurs more commonly in males and the elderly. Streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common causes. Diagnosis involves blood cultures, echocardiography, and applying the Duke criteria. Complications include embolisms, heart failure, and metastatic infections. Treatment involves prolonged antibiotic therapy targeted to the infecting organism. Surgery may be needed for complications or uncontrolled infection. Antibiotic prophylaxis is now restricted to highest risk patients undergoing highest risk procedures.
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Dr Muhammed Aslam
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Presented at Sahakarana Hrudayalaya
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Rheumatic fever is an autoimmune disease that can develop as a result of a streptococcal throat infection. It causes inflammation of the heart, joints, brain, and skin. The disease is most common in children ages 5-15 in developing countries. It is diagnosed using the Modified Jones Criteria which looks for major criteria like heart inflammation, arthritis, subcutaneous nodules, and minor criteria like fever and joint pain along with evidence of a prior streptococcal infection. Treatment involves antibiotics to treat the infection as well as medications for symptoms while long term prevention relies on regular antibiotics.
Cor pulmonale
Cor pulmonale, or right heart failure, is caused by high blood pressure in the pulmonary artery and right ventricle due to conditions that restrict pulmonary blood flow such as chronic lung diseases. It develops when pulmonary hypertension leads to enlargement and failure of the right ventricle. Symptoms include shortness of breath, leg swelling, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves physical exam, imaging like echocardiogram and chest x-ray, and assessing pulmonary pressures. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying lung condition, giving diuretics and vasodilators, and may involve oxygen therapy or lung transplantation in severe cases.
Congestive heart failure
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Heart failure
Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by conditions that weaken the heart muscles. Symptoms depend on whether the left or right side of the heart is affected but may include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling of legs/abdomen. Diagnosis involves checking for elevated BNP, abnormalities on ECG/CXR, and reduced ejection fraction on echocardiogram. Treatment focuses on reducing pre/afterload, increasing cardiac output, restricting fluids/sodium, and controlling symptoms. For severe cases, devices, transplantation or specialized surgeries may be considered.
Liver cirrhosis
This document discusses liver cirrhosis, including its types, causes, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, complications, nursing diagnoses, and interventions. Liver cirrhosis is a chronic, degenerative disease characterized by replacement of normal liver tissue with fibrosis that disrupts liver structure and function. Common types are alcoholic cirrhosis and postnecrotic cirrhosis resulting from viral hepatitis. Complications include ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and esophageal varices, which can lead to life-threatening bleeding if ruptured. Nursing care focuses on reducing metabolic demands, providing adequate nutrition and hydration, preventing infection, and protecting patients from injury and further complications.
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
The document discusses coronary artery disease (CAD). It begins with an introduction to coronary circulation and the importance of the coronary arteries in delivering blood to the heart muscle. It then discusses atherosclerosis, the primary cause of CAD. CAD is defined as the narrowing of one or more coronary arteries due to atherosclerotic plaque buildup, reducing blood flow to the heart. Risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, medical and surgical management, and lifestyle changes are summarized. Nursing assessment and management of patients with CAD are also outlined.
Congestive cardiac failure
Congestive heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by conditions present at birth like hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Symptoms include poor weight gain, fast breathing, and edema. Diagnosis involves chest x-ray, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and sometimes cardiac catheterization. Treatment focuses on underlying causes, medications to control symptoms like diuretics and digoxin, and surgery when possible to correct structural heart defects.
Congestive heart failure
This document provides information on congestive heart failure (CHF), including its definition, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, causes, precipitating factors, evaluation, monitoring, and management. CHF can be caused by conditions that weaken the heart muscle such as heart attacks or cardiomyopathy. It occurs when the heart cannot pump sufficiently due to problems with its electrical or mechanical function. Management involves treating underlying causes, reducing preload and afterload on the heart, and increasing cardiac contractility and output with medications, oxygen, and potentially devices like intra-aortic balloon pumps.
Heart failure 2013 Pathophysiology
This document discusses congestive heart failure (CHF). It provides epidemiological data on CHF, showing it affects millions of people worldwide and costs billions of dollars annually. It defines CHF as the heart's inability to meet circulatory demands and classifies it based on location (left vs right heart) and time course (acute vs chronic). Causes of acute and chronic CHF include myocardial infarction, hypertension, valvular diseases, and cardiomyopathies. The pathophysiology of CHF involves systolic and diastolic dysfunction that can lead to ventricular hypertrophy, dilation, and neurohormonal activation causing further organ damage.
Angina pectoris
Angina pectoris is a type of chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood. It is caused by an imbalance between the heart's oxygen supply and demand. There are several types of angina including stable angina, unstable angina, and variant angina. Risk factors that can trigger angina include atherosclerosis, coronary artery spasm, increased cardiac output from exercise or stress, and damaged heart muscle. Diagnosis involves taking a medical history, physical exam, ECG, blood tests, imaging tests like angiography, and exercise testing. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, medications like nitroglycerin, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers, and procedures like
Rheumatic fever
Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop after a streptococcal infection such as strep throat. It results from an immune response to certain streptococcus bacteria. The disease affects multiple systems like the heart, joints, skin, and brain. Symptoms include painful migratory arthritis, inflammation of the heart valves, involuntary movements known as Sydenham's chorea, and transient rashes. Diagnosis involves confirming a prior streptococcal infection and meeting criteria for clinical manifestations. Treatment focuses on antibiotics for streptococcal infections and anti-inflammatories or other drugs depending on the organ(s) involved.
Heart failure
Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It results from conditions that damage or weaken the heart muscle such as hypertension, heart attack, or cardiomyopathy. Symptoms include dyspnea, fatigue, swelling, and weakness. Diagnosis involves chest x-rays, ECGs, and echocardiograms. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms with diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and addressing the underlying heart condition if possible through surgery or lifestyle changes.
Ischemic heart disease
This document discusses ischemic heart disease and angina. It defines ischemic heart disease as a condition where there is inadequate blood supply and oxygen to the heart muscle. Angina is described as chest pain or discomfort caused by an imbalance between the heart's oxygen supply and demand. The document outlines the causes, types, risk factors, diagnosis, and management of angina through lifestyle modifications and medications like aspirin to control symptoms and reduce health risks.
Approach to patient with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
This document provides an overview of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), including its definition, classification, etiologies, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management. Key points include:
1) DCM is characterized by dilation and impaired contraction of the ventricles. Causes include genetic factors, viral myocarditis, toxins and idiopathic cases.
2) Diagnosis involves assessing history, symptoms of heart failure, echocardiogram showing reduced systolic function, and ruling out other potential causes.
3) Presentation varies from asymptomatic to heart failure symptoms. Management focuses on treating heart failure and its causes. Prognosis depends on the severity and reversibility of the underlying
Myocardial infarction
This document defines myocardial infarction and describes its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. A myocardial infarction occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, causing heart cell death. It causes chest pain and other symptoms like nausea and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves EKGs, blood tests of cardiac enzymes, and cardiac catheterization. Treatment depends on the severity but may include clot-busting drugs, angioplasty, stents, or coronary bypass surgery to restore blood flow. Goals are to preserve heart function and prevent complications like arrhythmias or heart failure.
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RIGHT AND LEFT SIDED HEART FAILURE.pptx
- 1. RIGHT AND LEFT SIDE HEART FAILURE PRESENTED TO: Mr. QAMAR ZAMAN PRESNENTED BY: RAHOUL GHOURI
- 2. INTRODUCTION Heart failure is a condition where the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s demands. The heart muscles are weakened, and they can’t work as effectively as before. When this happens, tissues throughout the body are deprived of oxygen and other crucial nutrients. Heart failure is usually divided into two categories based on which side of the heart it mainly affects. The right side of the heart collects oxygen-depleted blood from the body and brings it to the lungs to be filled with fresh oxygen. The left side of the heart receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and sends it out to the rest of the body.
- 3. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS RIGHT SIDED HEART FAILURE LEFT SIDED HEART FAILURE Anorexia DYSPNEA Weight Gain ORTHOPNEA Hepatomegaly COUGH Edema HEMOPTYSIS Distended Neck Vein ADVENTITIOUS BREATH SOUNDS( Crackles maybe listen all over the lungs and rales at bases) Ascites Pulmonary Congestion Spleenomegaly Capillary refill more than 3 sec
- 4. COMPLICATIONS RIGHT SIDED HEART FAILURE LEFT SIDED HEART FAILURE Edema Arrhythmias Faulty Heart Valves Obstructive and central sleep apnea Damage to the Heart Muscles Systolic Heart Failure Myocarditis Kidney Damage or failure Abnormal Heart Rhythms Heart Attack High blood Pressure Coronary Artery Disease
- 5. CAUSES Allergic Reactions Any illness that affects the whole body Blood clots in the lungs Severe Infections Use of certain Medications Heart Valve disease Diabetes Genetic or congenital heart disease Alcohol Use and smoking Obesity
- 6. NURSING MANAGEMENT Assess the general condition of the patient Monitor the vital signs and circulation Administer oxygen Closely monitor the ECG changes of the patient Gather information about patient symptoms and activities in PQRST format Assess patient risk factors for CAD Assess patient’s family understanding about the diagnosis Monitor patient’s pulse rate and Bp
- 7. NURSING MANAGEMENT Monitor the oxygen saturation level frequently Monitor the lab values Keep the defibrillator and emergency tray ready at patient’s side Provide psychological support to the patient Teach the patient’s family about the compliance of the medications. Modification of the diet according to the causing factor of the disease
- 8. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Beta blockers. These drugs slow your heart rate and reduce blood pressure. Beta blockers may reduce signs and symptoms of heart failure, improve heart function, and help you live longer Diuretics. Often called water pills, diuretics make you urinate more frequently and keep fluid from collecting in your body. Diuretics, such as furosemide (Lasix), also decrease fluid in your lungs so you can breathe more easily
- 9. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Digoxin . This drug, also called digitalis, increases the strength of your heart muscle contractions. It also tends to slow the heartbeat. Digoxin reduces heart failure symptoms in systolic heart failure. It may be more likely to be given to someone with a heart rhythm problem, such as atrial fibrillation. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. These drugs relax blood vessels to lower blood pressure, improve blood flow and decrease the strain on the heart. Examples include enalapril (Vasotec, Epaned), lisinopril (Zestril, Qbrelis, Prinivil) and captopril.
- 10. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT Angioplasty Stents Coronary artery bypass Grafting (CABG
- 11. THANKYOU