The document outlines the development of an RFID-based access control system utilizing an 8051 microcontroller to secure areas by allowing only authorized personnel with valid RFID cards. The system operates by detecting the RFID card's unique ID, comparing it with stored data to grant or deny access, and displaying corresponding messages on an LCD. It emphasizes advantages such as affordability, simplicity, and various applications in security and identification.

1. RFID BASED ACCESS
CONTROL SYSTEM USING
MICROCONTROLLER
BY
J.BHARGAVI-15315A0420
B.SARITHA-15315A0421
B.SARIKA-15315A0422
J.NIHARIKA-15315A0423

2. RFID Security Access Control System using 8051 Microcontroller is
an RFID Technology based security system.
Using this system, authorization of personnel is carried out with an
RFID card and only those with access can enter a secured area.
The security of any organisation is a priority for the authorities. The
security concern is for the physical property and also for the
intellectual property.
For this reason automatic identification and access control system
has become necessary to overcome the security threats faced by many
organisations.
This project deals with an interesting manner of security access
control with the help of RFID Technology, where only people with
valid cards are allowed to access the door or any secure area.
INTRODUCTION

3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

4. AT89C51 Microcontroller
AT89C51 Programming Board
11.0592 MHz Quartz Crystal
Push Button
16 x 2 LCD Display
10KΩ POT
EM-18 RFID Reader Module
RFID cards
COMPONENTS

5. The principle of operation of this project is based on the working
of the RFID Circuit.
A Passive type RFID Card is used in this project. When this card
is placed near the RFID Reader Module, the antenna coil in the
Reader energies the coil in the RFID card through mutual
induction. As a result, the microchip in the reader also gets enough
power to turn it on.
Now the coil in the reader acts as an antenna and transfers the
data in the microchip to the reader module through radio
communication.
The reader module, then communicates with the microcontroller
through UART protocol to transfer the data received from the
card.
CIRCUIT PRINCIPLE

6. Radio Frequency Identification or simply RFID is a wireless
technology generally used for automatic identification and data
collection.
RFID technology is used for accessing data from a uniquely identify
RFID card or tag by combining the radio frequency and microchip
technologies i.e. the data is retrieved or stored into the RFID cards
without making any physical contact.
RFID systems usually comprises of three components: an RFID
Card, an RFID Reader Module and a host device.
The communication between the Reader and Card is using Radio
Technology whereas the communication between RFID Reader and
the host device like a microcontroller is through serial protocol.
RFID Description

7. RFID tags are generally classified into two types: Active RFID
Tags and Passive RFID Tags.
Active RFID Tags are battery powered and they have an
electronically erasable and programmable memory. So, the
necessary data can be written in to the memory by the user and
read using a RFID Reader.
As they are battery powered devices, Active RFID Tags can
communicate with the RFID Reader over distances larger than 100
feet.
Passive RFID Tags on the other hand, do not contain any battery.
Passive RFID Tags consists of a coil and a microchip. The coil acts
as an antenna as well as the source of power through induction.
The microchip is a read only type memory and the user can only
read the data that already stored by the manufacturer. Passive
RFID Tags are used for short distance communication, usually 10
feet or less.
CONTD….

8. The aim of this project is to design an RFID based security access
control system using 8051 microcontroller, in which only authorised
personnel are allowed access to a secure area. The working of the
project is explained here.
When the circuit is powered ON, the microcontroller will initially
display a message as “Swipe the Card” on the LCD display.
When the RFID Card or Tag is swiped against the RFID reader, it
will detect the ID card and sends the unique card no. to the
microcontroller via serial terminal.
With the help of suitable programming, we need to compare the
received card no. with the numbers that are already stored in the
microcontroller or any database like external memory unit.
WORKING

9. If the received number is matched with the already stored number,
then the microcontroller will display the name of the card holder on
the LCD and activates the motor driver IC. As a result, the door is
opened for a predefined duration after which the door is
automatically closed.
If there is no match for the received numbers with the stored
numbers, then the microcontroller will not open the door and
displays a message as “Access Denied” on the LCD display.
CONTD…..

10.  Extremely affordableExtremely affordable
 Simple and compact system
Portable
 Doesn’t require any additional software
 No need for a dedicated PC
ADVANTAGES

11.  Person Identification
 Food Production Control
 Vehicle Parking Monitoring
 Toxic Waste Monitoring
 Valuable Objects Insurance Identification
 Asset Management
 Access Control
APPLICATIONS

12. RFID cards can add convenience and safety to any transaction of
value and data.
Evaluations of performance, cost and security that will produce a
smart card system that fits today's needs in future, which leads to
better business for everybody
CONCLUSION

13.  Health Services The card can be used to store information
such as administrative, medical, biological, and pharmaceutical
records. The card simplifies the administrative process and
enables doctors to have access to a more complete and
comprehensive healthcare information.
Education The card has the function of identifying the student
and also acts as an electronic purse and can be used purchase
products from stores or tickets to public transportation.
FUTURE SCOPE