Gvm project report g95

MOBILE ATTENDENCE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING
AT9S52
MAJOR PROJECT REPORT
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD
OF THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)
Submitted by
GOVIND KUMAR GOURAV (1304860)
B.H.S.B.I.E.T, Lehragaga
NOV-2016
I.K GUJRAL PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
JALANDHAR, INDIA

B.H.S.B.I.E.T. LEHRAGAGA Page 2
Declaration
I hereby declare that this project report entitled “MOBILE ATTENDENCE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING AT89S52” by GOVIND KUMAR
GOURAV being submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Bachelor of Technology in ECE under Faculty of Engineering &
Technology of BABA HIRA SINGH BHATTAL INSTITUTE OF
ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, during the academic year 2013 - 2017 is a
bonfire record of our original work carried out under guidance and supervision
of Er. Harjeet Singh Sidhu, HOD, ECE DEPARTMENT and has not been
presented elsewhere.
Student’s name Signature
GOVIND KUMAR GOURAV (Reg. no.1304860)
Email id- govindkr456@gmail.com
Mob- +919525621552

Certificate
This is to certify that the work which is being presented in the project report
entitled “MOBILE ATTENDENCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING
AT89S52” by GOVIND KUMAR GOURAV (1304860), in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Electronics & Communication Engineering submitted in department of E.C.E at
BABA HIRA SINGH BHATTAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY is an authentic record of my this work carried out during a
period from 02/08/2016 to 08/11/2016 under the supervision of Er.
HARJEET SINGH SIDHU.
Signature of the Supervisor ………………………..
The B.Tech Viva-voice Examination of these students have been held on
……………. and accepted.
Signature of Supervisor Signature of External
Examiner
……………………….. ………………………….
Signature of H.O.D.
…………………….

Acknowledgement
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our project guide “Er.
Harjeet Singh Sidhu” for giving us the opportunity to work on this topic. It
would never be possible for us to take this project to this level without his
innovative ideas and his relentless support and encouragement. The intricacies
of the thing we would like to add a few heartfelt words for all those who
knowingly or unknowingly become a part of this project in numerous ways.
GOVIND KUMAR GOURAV

CONTENTS
I. Introduction 10-15
1.1Introduction
1.2Goals and Objectives
1.3Overview of the technical area
1.4AT89S52 microcontroller
1.5Overview of the report
II. Literature Review 15-38
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Systems performance
2.3 Survey
2.4 Conclusion
Declaration II
Certificate III
Acknowledgement IV
Table of Contents V-VI
List of Tables VII
List of Figures VIII
Abstract IX
Preface Page No

2.5 Problem Definition
2.6 Requirements
III. Designand Implementation 39-46
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Functional Decompositions
3.3 Different Design Options
3.4 CKT Design using Microcontroller
3.5 Verification
3.6 Validation
3.7 Evaluation
IV. Conclusionand Future Enhancements 47-49
4.1 Summary of work done
4.2 Proposal/scopeof future enhancement
4.3 Precautions
References 50
Appendix 51-55

LIST OF TABLES
Table Page No
1. IC PIN DESCRIPTIONS 51-53
2. LCD PIN DESCRIPTION 54-55

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page No
1 RFID SYSTEM 10
2 BLOCK DIGRAM 11
3 PIN DIAGRAM OF MC 14
4 RFID TAG SYSTEM 18
5 RFID TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUE 31
6 CKT DIAGRAM OF PROJECT 41
7 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CKT 46
8 CKT DIAGRAM OF LCD 48

ABSTRACT
Nowadays, due to the easy availability of almost all information on the internet
these days, students are less motivated to attend the lecture. This project is to
simplify attendance recorder system by using Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID) technology. RFID based Parent SMS Alert and Attendance System is a
web based application that will be developed to overcome this problem. With
the RFID kit, the system will be developed by using .NET technology and
database support. The systems also have integrated with the RFID Database
Handling System for a fully functional system. The information from RFID
Database handling System will be used for attendance and for SMS Alert also.
The RFID based Parent SMS Alert and Attendance System also interacts with
parents using SMS system. Therefore, the system functionality is not only
records the student attendance, but also sends alert SMS to their parents.
Basically attendance is manually done and record is maintained in files. Our
main idea of approach is to reduce manual work and to automate the attendance
system The attendance system is basically an embedded one. Embedded stands
for hardware controlled by software. Here, the software using a Microcontroller
controls all the hardware components. The microcontroller plays an important
role in the system. The main objective of the system is to uniquely identify and
to make attendance for a person. This requires a unique product, which has the
capability of distinguishing different person. This is possible by the new
emerging technology RFID (Radio Frequency Identification).This report
provides a clear picture of hardware and software used in the system. It also
provides an overall view with detailed discussion of the operation of the system.

CHAPTER 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The attendance system is basically an embedded one.
Embedded stands for ‘hardware controlled by software’. Here, the software
using a Microcontroller controls all the hardware components. The
microcontroller plays an important role in the system. The main objective of the
system is to uniquely identify and to make attendance for a person. This
requires a unique product, which has the capability of distinguishing different
person. This is possible by the new emerging technology RFID (Radio
Frequency Identification). The main parts of an RFID system are RFID Tag
(with unique ID number) and RFID reader (for reading the RFID tag). In this
system, RFID tag and RFID reader used are operating at 125KHz. The
EEPROM used for storing the details has the capability of storing 256 person
details at a time. The PC can be used for restoring all the details of attendance
made.
Fig -1 RFID
system

In this particular project we show that how we provide a advance attendance
system with time management system. In this project we use one hardware
circuit with RF reader interface and RF passive card for attendance system. RF
reader system is connected to the PC via COM port. We install visual basic base
GUI software in the computer with data base in access. Whenever we show any
card to the hardware system then reader gets the data of RF card with the help
of 125 KHz frequencies. Reader gets the data and transfers this data to MCU
(89s52). Microcontroller immediate processes this data and transfers this data to
the PC via com port. PC gets this data and compares the data with data base in
access. In data base we already register the Passive card code number with ID
number. For every card we issue a special ID number. In this software we use
RTC time interface. In the data base system we enter the in/out for entry. If the
employee show his card before time then computer show a present, but same
card exit the premises before time then same data base is store as absent. Every
time when we show the card to the RF reader then LCD connected with the
microcontroller show its name. If the card is not registered with the data base
then LCD display messageyou are not authorized.
Fig -2 Block diagram
RFID, which is an acronym for Radio Frequency Identification, is not a new
technology. It was first used in the late 1960's, but it has only become more

widespread with advances in technology. RFID Systems consist of a
transponder, also known as a tag, which is basically a microchip connected to
an antenna. The tag is mounted to an item, such as a pallet of goods in a
warehouse, and a device called a reader communicates with the tag via radio
waves. Depending on the type of tag that is used, the reader can receive detailed
information or it can receive data as simple as an identification number. RFID is
similar to barcode systems in which data, such as a price, is accessed when the
barcode is read.
1.2 Goal and Objectives:
The aim of the project is to utilize RFID system in a different and
developmental side. We all know that RFID is used in each and every industrial
and manufacturing field. Our major focus is to utilize this tool towards the
residents and commercial users especially the old and disabled ones. This form
of system is called RFID based attendance system which focuses on making it
possible for the elderly and disabled to remain at school, safe and comfortable.
Attendance system is becoming a viable option for the elderly and disabled who
would prefer to stay in the comfort of their homes rather than move to a
healthcare facility.

1.3 Overview of the technical area
We are expressing this development tool as an example to illustrate
how this RFID system thing can be invested for future. We are going to show
this large scale automation on small scale via PCB (Printed Circuit Board)
manufacturing respectively. On PCB we will attach components that are
required to provide an example of automation. These components soldered onto
PCB will function in such a way to illustrate RFID system. Over and above this
is the fundamental or basic step to illustrate RFID system to our viewers.
1.4 AT89S52 Microcontrollers
The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit
microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The
device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory
technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set
and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed
in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining
a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip,
the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller, which provides a highly
flexible and cost-effective solution to many, embedded control applications.
The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256
bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit
timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial
port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. The block diagram provided by
Atmel in their datasheet that showed the architecture of 89S52 device seemed a
bit complicated. Its architecture can be represented below.

Fig -3 Pin diagram of microcontroller

1.5 Overview of the report
As mentioned above that we are providing an example to
display one kind of automation. Throughout this report will cover the complete
package towards the introduction to RFID system, example to display RFID
based attendance system on PCB(s), components required to build the same
system, components declaration, definition and explanation. Over and above we
are covering all the technical topics which are associated with this major
project. We hope that after reading this project report readers will be benefited
and will build smart home system for better future. This project report
comprises simple English and therefore nontechnical background or people who
are unaware of RFID based attendance system using GSM will be benefited of
the boons of this technology that is touching lives everywhere. This project
report will be beneficial to not only the technical pupil but also to nontechnical
friends. The report will cover firstly the introduction of student particulars like
certificate, declaration etc. After that introduction section is present in which we
have laid our best efforts to make you understand what RFID based attendance
system using GSM is.Aftermath consists of goals and objectives, motivation,
overview of technical area and report. Then literature review is available in
which elaboration of RFID based attendance system using GSM is written. The
next sections are problem solving and design implementation. After design
implementation testing & deployment, conclusion and future enhancements will
be covered. References and Bibliography will be available on the later part of
the project report. Special section of appendix is also there in the report in order
to gain extra and trivial knowledge regarding the project. We hope that this
content will be sufficient enough to make you understand and have better ideas
towards RFID based attendance system using GSM. At last thanks for your
attention till kindly follow the literature part now.

CHAPTER 2
2.1 INTRODUCTION
It is predicted that RFID use will continue to increase. It
is unlikely to ever be as cost-effective as bar coding, but it will become
dominant in areas where bar coding and other optically read technologies are
not effective. RFID Tag Categories The basic types of RFID tags can be
classified as read/write and read only. The data stored on read/write tags can be
edited, added to, or completely rewritten, but only if the tag is within the range
of the reader. The data stored on a read only tag can be read, but cannot be
edited in any way. Read/write tags are much more expensive than read only
tags, so they are not used for tracking most commodity items. RFID tags are
further categorized as: Active tags, which contain a battery that powers the
microchip and allows it to transmit a signal to the reader. Semi-active (or semi-
passive) tags, which contain a battery to run the circuitry of the chip, but must
draw power from the magnetic field created by the reader in order to
communicate with the reader. Passive tags, which rely solely on the magnetic
field created by the radio waves sent out by the reader to create a current that
can be received by the antenna within the passive tag.

Fig -4 RF-ID tag system
How the Low Frequency Tag system works
When the transponder, which is battery free, is to be read,
the reader sends out a 134.2 KHz power pulse to the antenna lasting
approximately 50ms. The magnetic field generated is 'collected' by the
antenna in the transponder that is tuned to the same frequency. This received
AC energy is rectified and stored on a small capacitor within the transponder.
When the power pulse has finished the transponder immediately transmits
back its data, using the energy stored within its capacitor as its power
source.In total 128 bits are transmitted (including error detection information)
over a period of 20ms. This data is picked up by the receiving antenna and
decoded by the reader unit. Once all the data has been transmitted the storage
capacitor is discharged resetting the transponder to make it ready for the next
read cycle. The period between transmission pulses is known as the 'sync
time' and lasts between 20ms and 50ms depending on the system setup.

Fig 5 RFID transmission technique used between the transponder and the reader
2.2 System Performances
Reading Distance - one of the key benefits of the TIRIS system
is its superior reading range with low power consumption. The actual reading
distance that can be achieved depends on many factors, transponder type,
electromagnetic noise, transponder orientation, antenna type, and government
regulations. In general a standard 32mm glass capsule can be read with a
stationary reader and a gate antenna from a distance of up to 1 meter Larger
transponders can achieve ranges up to 2 meters with handheld readers offering
lower ranges up to 250mm. Data Accuracy The TIRIS system uses a 16-bit
Cyclic Redundancy Check algorithm (CRC-CCITT) which ensures that only

'valid' data is sent from the reader to its associated controller. To date there have
been no cases of an incorrect identification number being read from a
transponder.
2.3 Current scenario
As we all know that RFID based attendance system using
GSM is the demand of the hour and is used in hotels, hospitals, office
environments, homes, workshops, campuses, universities etc. Theproject we are
building is the miniature from of automation used nowadays. The components
utilized and soldered on PCB are of sufficient parameters compared to large
scale automation. This same smart home project that we have built by our own
knowledge and experience on purchasing from a manufacturing shop or
Engineering project selling shop will cost you Rs 7000 to 8000 /- INR
excluding their additional charges. These shops vendors can plant electronic
components on the PCB of low cost but on the paper they will show you a
terrific cost. We searched on Internet, roamed into the markets in our quest to
have an acknowledgment of the required components and PCB(s).
2.4 Conclusions
The conclusion is that RFID based attendance system using
GSM is not as complex as it sounds. It is much easier, friendly and fun to
implement. Any individual can purchase the electronic components listed in the

later section of report and can solder it on a PCB to view the example of
automation. RFID based attendance system using GSM aims at making our
lives automatic rather than manual. After reading this we request to build a
same project as we did to demonstrate smart home system. The first step is to
purchase all the required components from a component selling shop and then
solder it to burn a program into the microcontroller. After burning the program
into the microcontroller the project will work automatically. The output will be
displayed by yellow colored LEDs. The 4 LEDs will correspond to the
particular extension port of the power strip attached. User can plug in any
electrical appliance like mobile phone charger, table fan, or any other circuit
like Digital Visitor Counter also. User can plug out any electrical appliance
corresponding its indicating LED also. These operations can simultaneously
take place through transferring SMS to the 89S52 Microcontroller respectively.
2.5 Problem Definition
As starts the real problem is now what we have to build on
our PCB. What are the electronic components required, what is the software
used to build and how to burn the program into our brain i.e. microcontroller
such that our problem gets solved. First of all the need is to memorize the
definition of RFID based attendance system using GSM back again one more
time i.e. to build one room having appliances controlled automatically rather
than manually. The components, PCB(s), burner, software etc need to be
assembled in such a way that our goal to achieve smart hone built on a PCB is
done.

2.6 Requirements
The requirements include both hardware and software
parts respectively. Down under are the components specified:-
Name Capacity Quantity
2 Pin Connector Female 1
3 Pin Connector Female 1
Diode IN40007 4
Regulator 7805 1
Regulator 7812 1
Capacitor 1000µf 1
Capacitor 10µf 1
Ceramic Capacitor 22pf 2
Crystal 11.0592mhz 1
Push Button 1
40 Pin Base 1
8051 AT89S52 1
LED 2
LCD Base 16 Pin 1
LCD 16*2 1

Resistance 220Ω 2
Resistance 1k 1
Resistance 10k 1
RFID READER 1
GSM MODEM 1
16 Pin Base 1
USB Connecting Port 1
GSM function mobile & RFID
card
1
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
POWER SUPPLY
Power supply is a reference to a source of electrical power. A device or
system that supplies electrical or other types of energy to an output load or
group of loads is called a power supply unit or PSU.

BRIDGE RECTIFIER
A bridge rectifier makes use of four diodes in a bridge arrangement to
achieve full-wave rectification. This is a widely used configuration, both with
individual diodes wired as shown and with single component bridges where the
diode bridge is wired internally.
Fig 6 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF POWER SUPPLY
REGULATOR IC (78XX)
It is a three pin IC used as a voltage regulator. It converts unregulated
DC current into regulated DC current.

Fig7 regulator IC
Normally we get fixed output by connecting the voltage regulator at the output
of the filtered DC (see in above diagram). It can also be used in circuits to get a
low DC voltage from a high DC voltage (for example we use 7805 to get 5V
from 12V).
DIODE
The diode is a p-n junction device. Diode is the component used to
control the flow of the current in any one direction. The diode widely works in
forward bias.

Diode When the current flows from the P to N direction. Then it is in
forward bias. The Zener diode is used in reverse bias function i.e. N to P
direction. Visually the identification of the diode`s terminal can be done by
identifying he silver/black line. The silver/black line is the negative terminal
(cathode) and the other terminal is the positive terminal (cathode).
RESISTORS
The flow of charge through any material encounters an opposing force
similar in many respects to mechanical friction .This opposing force is called
resistance of the material. In some electric circuit resistance is deliberately
introduced in form of resistor. Resistance is measured in ohms, the symbol for
ohm is an omega ohm.

Resistor restrict the flow of electric current, for example a resistor is placed in
series with a light-emitting diode(LED) to limit the current passing through the
LED.
TESTING
Resistors are checked with an ohm meter/millimeter. For a defective resistor the
ohm-meter shows infinite high reading.
CAPACITORS
In a way, a capacitor is a little like a battery. Like a battery, a
capacitor has two terminals. Inside the capacitor, the terminals connect to two
metal plates separated by a dielectric. The dielectric can be air, paper, plastic or
anything else that does not conduct electricity and keeps the plates from
touching each other. You can easily make a capacitor from two pieces of
aluminum foil and a piece of paper. It won't be a particularly good capacitor in
terms of its storage capacity, but it will work. In an electronic circuit, a
capacitor is shown like this:
Fig 10 Capacitor

When you connect a capacitor to a battery, here’s what happens:
•The plate on the capacitor that attaches to the negative terminal of the battery
accepts electrons that the battery is producing.
•The plate on the capacitor that attaches to the positive terminal of the battery
loses electrons to the battery.
TESTING
To test the capacitors, either analog meters or special digital meters with the
specified function are used. The non-electrolyte capacitor can be tested by using
the digital meter.
Multi – meter mode : Continuity Positive probe : One end Negative probe :
Second end Display : `0`(beep sound occur) `OL` Result : Faulty OK
LED
The light emitting diode (LED) is a diode that will give off
visible light when it is energized. In any forward biased P-N junction there is,
with in the structure and primarily close to the junction, a recombination of hole
and electrons. This recombination requires that the energy possessed by the
unbound free electron be transferred to another state. The process of giving off
light by applying an electrical source is called electroluminescence.

LED is a component used for indication. All the functions being carried out are
displayed by led .The LED is diode which glows when the current is being
flown through it in forward bias condition. The LEDs are available in the round
shell and also in the flat shells. The positive leg is longer than negative leg.
RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID)
RFID is the use of an object (typically referred to as an RFID
tag) applied to or incorporated into a product, animal, or person for the purpose
of identification and tracking using radio waves. Some tags can be read from
several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader.
COMPONENTS OF RFID SYSTEM

An RFID system consists of RFID tags, a means of reading or
interrogating the tags and a means of communicating the data to a host
computer or information management system. The system will also include a
facility for entering or programming data into tags, if it is not done at the source
by the manufacturer. There may also be present antennas for communication
between the tag and the reader. A typical RFID system is made up of three
components:
1. Tags,
2. Readers
3. Host computer system.
TYPES OF RFID TAGS
On the basis of the presence of battery, tags can be classified into
 Active tags
 Passive tags
FREQUENCY RANGE OF RFID
There are several versions of RFID that operate at different radio frequencies.
Three primary frequency bands are being used for RFID:

 Low Frequency (125/134KHz) – Most commonly used for access
control, animal tracking and asset tracking.
 High -Frequency (13.56 MHz) – Used where medium data rate and read
ranges up to about 1.5 meters are acceptable. This frequency also has the
advantage of not being susceptible to interference from the presence of
water or metals.
 Ultra High-Frequency (850 MHz to 950 MHz) – offer the longest read
ranges of up to approximately 3 meters and high reading speeds.
READERS
The reader, sometimes called an interrogator or scanner, sends and
receives RF data to and from the tag via antennae. A reader may have multiple
antennae that are responsible for sending and receiving radio waves. The
readers can be fixed or mobile, can read information stored on the tags and write
information to them. This can be achieved without direct line of sight and in
environments where traditional data collection could not operate. A major
advantage is that information can be written to the tag multiple times so storing
a history that travels with the article.

GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION
(GSM)
GSM, which stands for Global System for Mobile
communications, reigns (important) as the world’s most widely used cell phone
technology. Cell phones use a cell phone service carrier’s GSM network by
searching for cell phone towers in the nearby area.
Fig 12 GSM Network along with added elements.
LCD
LCD is the most common device attached to a microcontroller. Some of
the most common LCDs connected are 16*2 and 20*2 displays. This
means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2
lines.
LCD PIN DESCRIPTIONS

Fig 13 Shows the pin diagram of a 14 pin LCD.
The LCD used here has 14 pins. More detail from data sheet.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF LCD INTERFACING

Connecting wires
Connecting wires are required for assembling these components on the PCB.
Fig14 connecting wire

Overview of Software
μVISION
The μ Vision IDE is, for most developers, the easiest way to create embedded
system programs. This chapter describes commonly used μ Vision features and
explains how to use them.
The Project Windows area is that part of the screen in which, by default, the
Project Window, Functions Window, Books Window, and Registers Window
are displayed. Within the Editor Windows area, you are able to change the
source code, view performance and analysis information, and check the
disassembly code. The Output Windows area provides information related to
debugging, memory, symbols, call stack, local variables, commands, browse
information, and find in files results.Keil software converts the C-codes into the
Intel Hex code.

Fig 14 8051 Burner Software window look
PRO51 BURNER provides you with software burning tools for 8051 based
Microcontrollers in there Flash memory. The 51 BURNER tools, you can burn
AT89SXXXX series of ATMEL microcontrollers.
Procedure to Program a Chip

 Connect the PRO51 to COM port and USB port on your PC. USB is used
for +5V power supply only. You can use regulated 5V supply and
connect it on pin 4 of the 9 Pin connector.
 Start PROG51 from your program menu.
 Select appropriate com port on your PC.
 Insert desired device in the ZIF socket on PRO51. 20 Pin devices like
89C2051 should be aligned with the bottom side, i.e., pin 10 on the
89C2051 should be inserted in Pin 20 of the socket.
 Specify the device in the target device text box.
 Click Identify button to check if the device inserted matches with the one
you specified in the Target Device text box.
 Load Hex or Binary file generated using compiler or assembler in the
buffer.
 Click on Erase button to erase the contents of the flash memory of the
microcontroller. Erase process will automatically be followed by a blank
check.
 Click on Program button to write the buffer contents in to the program
memory of the microcontroller. Program action will automatically be
followed by a verify cycle.
 If you wish click on Lock button to secure the device.
 Remove the device from ZIF socket.

CHAPTER 3
3.1 Introduction
As discussed in the previous section all the components
required will be assembled right now to design and implement our project. A
Solder, soldering wire and solder holder will be required to assemble these
components according to the circuit diagram listed below. In addition Keil
Micro vision software, a burner kit should be made available to achieve
designing and implementation. Many times we wonder if all the devices can be
automatically switched on or off at a particular time.
3.2 Functional Decompositions
In our major project on RFID based attendance system using GSM
we divided the workload into 3 major categories. I Govind Kumar Gourav was
responsible for innovating new ideas into the project implementation of project.
And implementing microcontroller applications
3.3 Different Design Options
RFID based attendance system using GSM can be developed
accordingly using variety of technologies. It can be developed using Bluetooth
technology, GSM technology, RTC model which also can be used, Home

automation protocol (HAP) etc. There are different design options available in
the world to develop ASHS. However we are using ASHS towards old people
we selected RTC method as it is convenient to them.
3.4 Circuit design
The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit
microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The
device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density non-volatile memory
technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set
and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed
in-system or by a conventional non-volatile memory pro-grammar. In this
particular project we use 89s52controller to interface all input and output
devices. With the help of this project we can on/off up to 4 different appliances
with the help of different sms format.

Figure-16 Circuit diagram of RFID based attendance systemusing GSM
We use 5 volt regulated supply for the LCD display and max 232 IC. For this
purpose we use 7805 regulator with filter capacitor to provide a ripple free
regulated voltage to controller and LCD display. We use MAX232 driver IC to
provide an interface between GSM modem and controller. MAX 232 IC
converts the rs232 logic to TTL logic. Output of the max 232 is directly
connected to the RX pin of the controller. Pin no 18 and 19 of the
microcontroller is connected to external crystal oscillator to provide an external
clock to microcontroller by which we set the machine cycle of the controller.
PowerSupply
In this project we use one 5 volt regulated power supply to convert
the 220 volt ac in to 5 volt dc with the help of the 5 volt regulator circuit. First
OF all we step down the 220 volt ac into 6 volt ac with the help of step down
transformer. Step down transformer step down the voltage from 220 volt ac to
9 volt ac. This ac is further converted into the dc voltage with the help of the

full wave rectifier circuit. Output of the diode is pulsating dc. So to convert the
pulsating dc into smooth dc we use electrolytic capacitor. Electrolytic capacitor
converts the pulsating dc into smooth dc. This Dc is further regulated by the IC
7805 regulator. IC 7805 regulator provide a regulated 5 volt dc to the
microcontroller circuit and LCD circuit. Pin no 40 of the controller is
connected to the positive supply. Pin no 20 is connected to the ground. Pin no
9 is connected to external resistor capacitor to provide an automatic reset
option when power is on.
ResetCircuit
Pin no 9 of the controller is connected to the reset circuit. On the
circuit we connect one resistor and capacitor circuit to provide a reset option
when power is on. As soon as you give the power supply the 8051 doesn’t start.
You need to restart for the microcontroller to start. Restarting the
microcontroller is nothing but giving a Logic 1 to the reset pin at least for the 2
clock pulses. So it is good to go for a small circuit which can provide the 2
clock pulses as soon as the microcontroller is powered. This is not a big circuit
we are just using a capacitor to charge the microcontroller and again
discharging via resistor. In general, at the input of the power supply, there is a
power transformer. It is followed by a diode circuit called Rectifier. The output
of the rectifier goes to a smoothing filter, and then to a voltage regulator circuit.
The rectifier circuit is the heart of a power supply.

Rectificationcircuit
Rectification is a process of rendering an alternating current or
voltage into a unidirectional one. The component used for rectification is called
‘Rectifier’. A rectifier permits current to flow only during the positive half
cycles of the applied AC voltage by eliminating the negative half cycles or
alternations of the applied AC voltage. Thus pulsating DC is obtained. To
obtain smooth DC power, additional filter circuits are required. A diode can be
used as rectifier. There are various types of diodes. But, semiconductor diodes
are very popularly used as rectifiers. A semiconductor diode is a solid-state
device consisting of two elements is being an electron emitter or cathode, the
other an electron collector or anode. Since electrons in a semiconductor diode
can flow in one direction only-from emitter to collector- the diode provides the
unilateral conduction necessary for rectification. Out of the semiconductor
diodes, copper oxide and selenium rectifier are also commonly used.
Bridge Rectifier
A more widely used full-wave rectifier circuit is the bridge
rectifier. It requires four diodes instead of two, but avoids the need for a centre-
tapped transformer. During the positive half-cycle of the secondary voltage,
diodes D2 and D4 are conducting and diodes D1 and D3 are non-conducting.
Therefore, current flows through the secondary winding, diode D2, load resistor
RL and diode D4. During negative half-cycles of the secondary voltage, diodes
D1 and D3 conduct, and the diodes D2 and D4 do not conduct. The current
therefore flows through the secondary winding, diode D1, load resistor RL and

diode D3. In both cases, the current passes through the load resistor in the same
direction. Therefore, a fluctuating, unidirectional voltage is developed across
the load.
Filter Circuit
The rectifier circuits we have discussed above deliver an
output voltage that always has the same polarity: but however, this output is not
suitable as DC power supply for solid-state circuits. This is due to the pulsation
or ripples of the output voltage. This should be removed out before the output
voltage can be supplied to any circuit. This smoothing is done by incorporating
filter networks. The filter network consists of inductors and capacitors. The
inductors or choke coils are generally connected in series with the rectifier
output and the load.
Crystals Oscillatorcircuit
Pin no 18 and 19 is connected to external crystal
oscillator to provide a clock to the circuit. Crystals provide the synchronization
of the internal function and to the peripherals. Whenever ever we are using
crystals we need to put the capacitor behind it to make it free from noises. It is
good to go for a 33pf capacitor.
Figure 17 – Crystal Oscillator Circuit

3.5 Verification
The project has been fully verified and checked. The program burned into the
8952 microcontroller when plugged into the PCB is interactive with the other
components already placed in the circuit.
3.6 Validation
What we wanted in the project is to have control over the extension board. At
last we were finally able to control the extension board via GSM modem,
MAX232 and 8952 microcontroller. Further we will be able to connect
whatever appliance we want to control by simply cabling it to extension board.
The validity of the electronic components deployed in the respective circuit is
reasonable and genuine to our knowledge.
3.7 Evaluation
Simple evaluation can take place via what we wanted out of RFID based
attendance system using GSM and what we illustrate you are the same thing.
We showed how simple automation can be introduced from a small scale to
large industries, manufacturing sectors, technical areas etc.Via using modern
communication standard i.e. GSM we are able to control the electronic areas.
Our project has the mixture of electronics & communication and this blend is
useful to achieve automation in a developmental manner. Evaluation and
judgment is only possible when you will seek the working model having
communication standards like GSM and electronic components like Relays,
LCDs, GSM modem, smart phone, Transistors, Diodes, and LEDs etc. The
SMS send through smart phone is trans received by GSM modem containing a
SIM card. The GSM modem is connected to 8952 Microcontroller via MAX232
IC. LCDs and LEDs are working properly for indication purposes. LCD shows

regular messages time to time based on given input respectively. In this project
in future we can add a multimedia camera to see what is going inside the home
by sitting in office or somewhere. With Home Automation, the consumer can
select and watch cameras live from an Internet source to their home or business.
Security cameras can be controlled, allowing the user to observe activity around
a house or business right from a Monitor or touch panel. Security systems can
include motion sensors that will detect any kind of unauthorized movement and
notify the user through the security system or via cell phone. This category also
includes control and distribution of security cameras (see surveillance).

CHAPTER 4
4.1 Results & Discussion
Fig 18 Result’s flowchart
I am scanning my
own RFID card.
AT89S52 Module
It will matchthe RFID code
that isbeingsendfromRFID
card readerwithdata that
burntin it.If itwill be match
it will displaymessage.if not
thenit will be displayyouare
not authorized.
WELCOME USER YOU ARE NOTAUTHORISED
GSMmodule
Waooo!
theyhave
reached
safely
Saved
attendan
ceUser(Student)
User (parent)

The summary and moral of the story is that we bought a PCB. Connections are
made according to the blueprint i.e. circuit diagram. GSM modem, Relays,
Relay driver circuit, smart phone, SIM card, Transformer, LCD, Max232 etc.
were soldered onto the PCB in such a way to attain full communication between
the smart phone user and the extension board respectively. We fabricated in
such a way to achieve automation on the small scale.
4.2 Proposal and scope of Future enhancement
Our proposal was to achieve automation in an example
form. We succeeded in our goals of doing it. We are able to transmit messages
via smart phone to GSM modem and SIM Card. At the receiver side the entire
circuit is built in such a way that our messages are received to power on / off
the extension board. Scopeof RFID based attendance system using GSM is that
it can be used at homes to regulate electricity, home appliances, to monitor and
provide security of the office, industry etc. The possibilities are endless in RFID
based attendance system using GSM. We tried to enhance the extension board
by simply adding a digital visitor counter to our extension board. RFID based
attendance system using GSM can be built with the help of Bluetooth, GSM, or
providing RTC and DTMF. As we said the possibilities are endless. Different
technologies can be used to achieve automation but each technology has its own
mark of presence. Like ways we used GSM modem because it is related to
communication and is used throughout the country. Bluetooth and DTMF are
simpler to implement that is why we employed GSM modem in our model.
Automation is a household term nowadays and can be used in homes, hospitals,
office environments, industries, high security zones, malls, restaurants, hotels,
universities, campuses, schools, workshops, manufacturing sectors, roadway

regulation etc. RFID based attendance system using GSM is the demand of the
hour. We have built a prototype. A lot more can be seen in the future if we
utilize automation towards automation protocol. Great interest will be seen
when mechanical, civil, IT, computers, electronics etc will merge towards
building HAP i.e. Home Automation Protocol. From our cell phones we will be
able to view our house or office environment on the screen, additional security
will be provided via HAP. The evolution of HAP is near and brighter than ever.
4.3 PRECAUTIONS
An action taken in advance to protect against possible danger or failure.
SOLDERING PRECAUTIONS
The construction was carried out with care. The precautions taken
during the soldering were:
 The tip of soldering iron was kept clean with the help of a file from time to
time.
 The solder wire was of smaller thickness.
 Extra solder was not used in order to avoid a cause of short circuit in the
conductive path.
 The overheating of components was avoided to prevent component damage as a
result of excessive heat on the components due to the heat from the soldering
iron.
 The leads of the components were kept clean before soldering, with the use of
sand paper.
COMPONENTS PRECAUTION:

 IR sensor used should be sensitive. Before using in the circuit it should
be tested with a multi-meter.
 I.C should not be heated much while soldering; too much heat can
destroy the I.C. For safety and ease of replacement, the use of I.C
socket is suggested.
 While placing the I.C pin no 1 should be made sure at right hole.
 Oppositepolarity of battery can destroy I.C so please check the polarity
before switching ON the circuit. One should use diode in series with
switch for safety since diode allows flowing current in one direction
only.
 Each component was soldered neatly and clean.
 We should use insulated wires.

REFERENCES
 “8051 and embedded system” by Mazidi and Mazidi
 All datasheets from www.datasheetcatalog.com
 About AT89s52 from www.atmel.com
And www.triindia.co.in

APPENDICES
DATASHEETS
1.AT89S52 IC datasheet

2. Datasheet of LCD

3.RFID DATASHEET

Gvm project report g95

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