This document discusses biosocial development during early adulthood. It covers topics such as physical and mental health, sexual activity, risk-taking behaviors like drinking, and various psychosocial issues that can emerge. The key points are:
- Physical strength peaks by age 21 while cognitive abilities continue developing into the mid-20s. Emerging adults often downplay risks of behaviors.
- Surveys found most emerging adults rate their health as good but many engage in risky behaviors like binge drinking that can threaten health. Mental health issues like anxiety disorders are also common.
- Attitudes towards sex vary but many emerging adults see it as recreational or a way to strengthen relationships rather than solely for reproduction. Psychopathology
Trauma experiences in the backgrounds of violent young offenders - Gywneth Bo...nacro_programmes
Professor Gywneth Boswell, Visiting Professor at the University of East Anglia and Director of Boswell Research Fellows. Speaking on childhood and adolescent trauma – impacts on development, and on individual health across the lifecourse
Speaking at Beyond Youth Custody's conference: Childhood trauma and young people in the criminal justice system, 19 November 2013.
Health and Society (Chapter 11, "You May Ask Yourself")Emily Coffey
A review of the social issues surrounding health, wellness and access to healthcare, particularly in America. Appropriate for 100-level sociology courses. If you like it, feel free to use it!
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"You May Ask Yourself" second edition (2011), D. Conley, W.W. Norton - Chapter 11
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*** This is only my "reworking" of pre-packaged PPT files included textbook published by W.W. Norton. Some materials copyright by W.W.Norton.
Trauma experiences in the backgrounds of violent young offenders - Gywneth Bo...nacro_programmes
Professor Gywneth Boswell, Visiting Professor at the University of East Anglia and Director of Boswell Research Fellows. Speaking on childhood and adolescent trauma – impacts on development, and on individual health across the lifecourse
Speaking at Beyond Youth Custody's conference: Childhood trauma and young people in the criminal justice system, 19 November 2013.
Health and Society (Chapter 11, "You May Ask Yourself")Emily Coffey
A review of the social issues surrounding health, wellness and access to healthcare, particularly in America. Appropriate for 100-level sociology courses. If you like it, feel free to use it!
----
"You May Ask Yourself" second edition (2011), D. Conley, W.W. Norton - Chapter 11
----
*** This is only my "reworking" of pre-packaged PPT files included textbook published by W.W. Norton. Some materials copyright by W.W.Norton.
Growing old in a society that has been obsessed with youth may have a critical impact on the mental health of many people. This situation has serious implications for psychiatric nursing.
This chapter focuses on physical and psychological changes associated with the aging process, as well as special concerns of the elderly population, such as retirement, long-term care, elder abuse, and rising suicide rates. The nursing process is presented as the vehicle for delivery of nursing care to elderly individuals.
By 2030 one-fifth of the U.S. population will be 65 or older. Older populations are "not what they used to be" and need not support the myths about old age. This powerpoint talks about the upside of growing older.
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)?
Growing up (prior to age 18) in a household with:
Recurrent physical abuse.
Recurrent emotional abuse.
Sexual abuse.
An alcohol or drug abuser.
An incarcerated household member.
Someone who is chronically depressed, suicidal, institutionalized or mentally ill.
Mother being treated violently.
One or no parents.
Emotional or physical neglect.
Self-esteem is defined as how one feels about oneself.1 It may be either high or low depending upon a personal assessment of self. Healthy self-esteem is essential for success in every area of life. It is one of the most dynamic variables in youth development.
Size of the Problem:
It has been observed that children experience a decline in self esteem during adolescence years which is a critical transition period for them. Girls experience this decline at age 12 whereas in boys the decline generally begins at age 14.2 Youth with high self-esteem consider themselves worthy, and view themselves as equal to others. Those low in self-esteem generally experience self-rejection, self-dissatisfaction, self-contempt, and self-disparagement. Direct estimates of the level of self-esteem in Kentucky youth are not available but there are some indirect indicators that can help us understand this problem in our young population.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
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Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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2. 2
1. Introduction
2. Fact or Fiction?
3. Growth, Strength, and Health
4. Sexual Activity
5. Psychopathology
6. Taking Risks
7. Closing Thoughts
PART VI: EARLY ADULTHOOD
TOPIC 17: Biosocial Development
3. Fact or Fiction? Fiction Fact
1. Physical strength, such as that required to
lift a heavy load, peaks by age 21.
2. Many young adults downplay the long-term
consequences of risky behaviors.
3. Of all the stages of life, the beginning of young
adulthood is the time when problem drinking is most
common.
4. College student drinking behavior is more influenced by
portrayals of drinking in the media than by peer alcohol use.
3
PART VI: Early Adulthood
TOPIC 17: Biosocial Development
4. Strong Bodies
Topic addressed in a survey Response
How do young adults rate themselves in terms of their health?
How many age 18-29 rated health
good or better? (National Center
for Health Statistics, 2010)
95.8 percent good to excellent;
4.2 percent fair or poor
How many age 18-24 felt no limitation
to activity due to chronic health
problem? (Pew Research Center, 2007)
95.3 percent no limitation
How many felt that health was their
greatest problem? (Pew Research
Center, 2007)
2 percent age 18-24; 15 percent
for those over age 25
How many times in a year did males
and females age 18-30 visit a doctor?
(National Center for Health Statistics,
2010)
1 visit for 55 percent of males; 1
or more visit for 85 percent of
females (most often for birth
control)
emerging adulthood:
The period of life between
ages 18 and 25.
4
Photo credits: Top: Teng Wei/Shutterstock.com; Bottom: Thinkstock
PART VI: Early Adulthood
TOPIC 17: Biosocial Development
5. Source: National Center for Health Statistics, 2009.
Problems with aging
For each age group, how many U.S. deaths occur
for heart disease, stroke, and cancer?
Age Group Annual Rate
per 100,000
15-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65-74
75-84
85+
7
18
65
219
561
1,313
2,971
7,126
senescence: The
process of aging,
whereby the body
becomes less strong
and efficient.
homeostasis: The
adjustment of all the
body’s systems to keep
physiological functions
in a state of
equilibrium.
The reason why it is
harder to stay at a
comfortable body
temperature as we age
5
PART VI: Early Adulthood
TOPIC 17: Biosocial Development
6. Exercise
How active are adults in the United States?
Percent not
physically
active
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2009.
No Physical Activity Among U.S. Adults, 2006
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Age group18-24 25-44 45-64 65-74 75+
6
PART VI: Early Adulthood
TOPIC 17: Biosocial Development
7. Eating Well
What is the recommended
Body Mass Index (BMI) for adults?
Body Mass Index (BMI): The ratio
of a person’s weight in kilograms
divided by his or her height in
meters squared.
7
PART VI: Early Adulthood
TOPIC 17: Biosocial Development
8. What general attitudes do emerging adults have about the purpose of sex?
Reproduction
Relationship
Recreation
Reported as the main
purpose of sex (more
women than men; more
older than younger)
Belief that abstinence is
the contraception
accepted for fertile
women
Marry young, pressured by
values and sexual desires,
plus parent pressure
Believed by one-half of
people in U.S. (more
women than men)
Belief that sex is to
strengthen pair bonding;
dominant belief among
emerging adults
Preferred sequence: date,
fall in love, decide on
faithfulness, have sex,
live together, marry and
have children
Believed by one-fourth of people in U.S. (more men than
women, especially younger men)
Belief that sex is a fundamental human drive; a highly
pleasurable physical and mental activity (Cockerham, 2006)
Ideally, partners both reach orgasm, without making
commitment
Sexual Activity
8
SEXUAL ACTIVITY
PART VI: Early Adulthood
TOPIC 17: Biosocial Development
9. 9
diathesis-stress model: The view that psychological disorders, such as schizophrenia,
are produced by the interaction of a genetic vulnerability(the diathesis) and stressful
environment factors and life events.
Anxiety
disorders
Evident in one-fourth of all U.S.
residents below the age of 25
(more prevalent than depression,
worldwide): Panic attacks, PTSD
(post-traumatic stress disorder),
OCD (obsessive-compulsive
disorder).
Young adults face a higher rate of
trauma (military combat, rape,
serious accident) yet are less
protected by parents or spouses
(Odlaug et al., 2010).
How do genes and experience interact in some psychopathologies experienced by emerging adults?
Psychopathology
Mood
disorders
bipolar depression: In adulthood, the
grandiosity of the mania and the
despair of depression may be
unchecked by the normal restraints
on children (Geller et al., 2008;
Merikangas & Pato, 2009).
depression: Life experiences of
emerging adulthood can set a
downward spiral in motion though
major depression may be rooted in
biochemistry (in particular,
neurotransmitters and hormones.)
Schizophrenia
Becoming overwhelmed by
disorganized and bizarre
thoughts, delusions, hallucinatio
ns,and emotions (American
Psychiatric Association, 2000).
Worldwide, symptoms typically
begin in adolescence, with
diagnosis most common in ages
18 to 24, with men particularly
vulnerable (Anjum et al., 2010).
Cause is partly genetic, but
factors of early childhood
malnutrition (or malnutrition
during pregnancy) or extensive
social pressure may be involved.
Photocredits,lefttoright:KalleSinger/beyondfotomediaRF/GettyImages;iStockphoto/Thinkstock;micheleprincigalli/iStockPhoto
INDIVIDUALS SHOWN ARE MODELS-ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY.
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
PART VI: Early Adulthood
TOPIC 17: Biosocial Development
10. Source: National Center for Health Statistics, 2010.
Health Risks
Compared to other adults, how often are
emerging adults treated at U.S. hospitals?
Adults with Accidental Injury Treated at
U.S. Hospital, 2007
Adults Admitted at Least Once to a Hospital, 2007*
Percent Percent15
10
5
0
18-24 25-44
Age group Age group
45-64 65+ 18-24 25-44 45-64 65+
0
10
20
30
* Includes for birth.
Male Female
10
PART VI: Early Adulthood
TOPIC 17: Biosocial Development
11. Source: reported in W.R. Miller & Carroll, 2006
Perspective
How do social norms affect the amount of alcohol
college students drink?
Group condition Response
One student recruited to drink
heavily
Group followed social norm of the
risk-taking confederate
One student recruited to drink
very little
Group followed social norm of the
cautious confederate
No confederate student
recruited
Group alcohol consumption similar
to group with cautious
confederate
social norms approach: A method of reducing risky behavior that uses emerging adults’
desire to follow social norms by making them aware, through the use of surveys, of the
prevalence of various behaviors within their peer group.
11
PART VI: Early Adulthood
TOPIC 17: Biosocial Development
13. If an adolescent relative asked your
advice about what to expect as he or
she approaches being an adult, what
would you be sure to explain about
growth, strength, health, and possible
risks during the emerging adult years?
Closing Thoughts
13
PART VI: Early Adulthood
TOPIC 17: Biosocial Development