The document provides a review of key concepts for an 8th grade physical science exam, including different types of measurements, scientific experimentation, phases and changes of matter, the structure and properties of atoms and elements, and the differences between physical and chemical changes and mixtures and pure substances. It defines length, volume, mass, weight, time, temperature, and density and their standard units. It also outlines the key characteristics of plasma, phases of matter, changes in state, and physical and chemical properties.

1. Review for Physical Science Exam Grade 8

3. Types of Measurements 1. Length a. The distance from one point to another point. b. Base unit is the meter (m). c. Tool is the metric ruler. 2. Volume a. The amount of space a substance occupies. b. Base unit is the liter (L). c. Tools: metric ruler for regular solids or graduated cylinder for liquids.

4. 3. Mass a. The amount of matter in a substance. b. Base unit - kilogram (kg). c. Tool is the balance. 4. Weight a. A measure of gravitational force on an object. b. Unit is the newton (N). c. Tool is the scale.

5. 5. Time a. How long an event takes to occur. b. Unit is the second (s). c. Tool is the clock (stopwatch). 6. Temperature a. The amount of kinetic energy a substance has. b. SI unit is the Kelvin (K). c. Tool is the thermometer.

6. 7. Density a. How compacted the matter is in a substance. b. Units can be g/mL, g/cm3, kg/m3. c. Density is a derived unit (it is made up of other types of measurement). d. D = m / v e. Objects float if their density is less than the density of the fluid they are in.

7. 7. Density a. How compacted the matter is in a substance. b. Units can be g/mL, g/cm3, kg/m3. c. Density is a derived unit (it is made up of other types of measurement). d. D = m / v e. Objects float if their density is less than the density of the fluid they are in.

8. Scientific Experimentation controlled experiment -Only one variable should be changed Manipulated (independent) – changed by the experimenter. Responding (dependent) – the effect.

9. Matter Matter = any material substance with Mass & Volume

10. CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

12. Matter comes in 3 phases Solid Liquid Gas

13. Solid Definite Shape Definite Volume

14. Liquid Indefinite Shape – takes the shape of the container Definite Volume

15. Gas Indefinite Shape – takes the shape of the container Indefinite Volume – can expand and be compressed

21. Atom the smallest particle making up elements

22. Drawing an Atom of Carbon minus Atomic # = # of n 0 = # of p + and # of e - Carbon has 6 p + and 6 e - Carbon has 6 n 0 C 12.011 6 Atomic Mass Atomic #

23. Drawing an Atom of Carbon 6 p + 6 n 0 e - e - e - e - e - e -

24. Compounds Compounds - 2 or more elements chemically combined to form a new substance with new properties Properties – The way a chemical substance looks and behaves

25. Properties of Matter