Presented by Budi Leksono, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), at International Symposium on Restoration of degraded peatlands: connecting science with policy and practice, on 13 June 2022

2. Background
Restoration of Degraded Peatland for Bioenergy
and Multiple Ecosystem Goods and Services
(Session - 1)
Budi Leksono
National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

3. Background
o National Energy Policy
PP No. 5/2006 → NRE 5% in 2025
PP No. 79/2014 → NRE 23% in 2025
NRE 31% in 2050
Energy Policy B30:
1st January 2020
23 %
Year 2025
31 %
Year 2050
Introduction

4. Background
o Inpres No. 1/2006 → Provision and utilization
of biofuels – Forestry sector issues permits to
use unproductive forest land
Degraded peatland
Ex-burned land
Ex-Mining land
Introduction
o National Energy Policy
PP No. 5/2006 → NRE 5% in 2025
PP No. 79/2014 → NRE 23% in 2025
NRE 31% in 2050

5. Background
o Inpres No. 1/2006 → Provision and utilization
of biofuels – Forestry sector issues permits to
use unproductive forest land
Introduction
o National Energy Policy
PP No. 5/2006 → NRE 5% in 2025
PP No. 79/2014 → NRE 23% in 2025
NRE 31% in 2050
o Growing non-food crops in marginal lands has
been proposed as a solution to avoid land
competition with food production, maintaining
biodiversity and ecosystem services

6. Background
Ex-burned land
Ex-Mining land
Degraded peatland
Deforestation in Indonesia
(Ministry of Environment and Forestry, 2019)

7. Background
Total Area : 14,006,450 ha
 Mineral Soil : 12 M ha
 Peatland : 2 M ha
(SK MoEF No. 306/ 2018)
Degraded land in Indonesia

8. Background
Nyamplung tolerant to harsh
environmental condition
Degraded peatland
Limestone land
Ex-mining lands
Periodic-flooded land
Coal mine
Tin mine
Ex-burned land Saline land

9. Background
Bioenergy species trial on
degraded peatland in Central Kalimantan
0,0
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0,0
50,0
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350,0
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1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 1011121316192021273033394245535861676873
tree
diamater_cm
tree
height_cm
Age of tree_month
tree diameter Tree height
Growth rate
Survival rate

10. Background
Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum)
o Naturally distributed in Indonesia (0-300 m asl.)
o Has the ability to grow on degraded and
marginal land, no competition with food crops
o Has multiple uses (energy, pharmaceutical
and landscape restoration
o Has high fruit production (20 ton/ha/year), oil
content (up to 60% of dry seed weight)
o Fruits all year round, high survival ability, long
productive age up to 50 years
o Non- edible oils and potential as raw materials
for biodiesel
o All wastes can be utilized (zero waste) and has
economic value

11. Background
1 Year
4 Years
Nyamplung plantation trial on
degraded peatland in Central Kalimantan
3 Years
Kalampangan –
Ombrogenous peat

12. Background
4 Years
3 Years
2 Years
82% 81%
Buntoi –
Topogenous peat

13. Background
1 Year
2 Years
3 Years
5 Years
4 Years
Kalampangan –
Agroforestry

14. Background
Fruitful
response
Mineral land (Central Java)
1.5 Years
2.5 Years
Degraded peatland (Central Kalimantan)
Ex-burned land (East Kalimantan)
4 Years

15. Background
Other advantages of Nyamplung

16. Background
Utilization of waste from
the nyamplung oil industry
Charcoal Briquettes
Liquid Smoke
Feed
Compost
Cosmetics & Herbal Medicine
Soap

17. Background
Concluding remark
o Degraded land in Indonesia in 2018 covering an area of 14 million hectares that
must be rehabilitated until 2030. This effort is to support Indonesia's NDC target
which outlines Indonesia's transition to a low-emissions and climate-resilient future.
Adaptive and economically valuable species are needed by utilizing forest products
without having to cut down, including on degraded peatlands.
o Nyamplung is a non-native peatland species and is highly adaptable to various
types of degraded land. The study indicates the species is adaptable to degraded
peatlands in Central Kalimantan, where it demonstrated survival rates up to 80%.
The growth performance nyamplung trees on degraded peatland indicate that
nyamplung is promising for restoring peatland and renewable biofuel.
o Other advantages of nyamplung will also support multiple ecosystem goods and
services. However, further research is needed to examine the potential ecosystem
services associated with growing nyamplung on degraded peatlands and adoption
for upscaling this model

18. Thank you