1) Indonesia has 15 million hectares of peatlands, the largest in the tropics, which store large amounts of carbon and are vulnerable to fires and subsidence when dried. 2) Peatland restoration and management are key to meeting Indonesia's emissions reduction targets and preventing large CO2 emissions from dried peatlands. 3) Pilot projects in West Kalimantan are demonstrating that paludiculture systems combining rewetted peatlands with agroforestry of biomass, essential oils and latex crops can both restore peatlands and provide livelihoods.