This document summarizes research on side impact collisions in India. It begins with an abstract that outlines the high fatality rate of side impacts due to lack of space protecting occupants compared to front and rear impacts. It then reviews literature on side impact beam designs that effectively absorb energy during collisions. The document finds that properly designing and placing side impact beams, such as using high-strength materials, can significantly reduce injury by limiting vehicle intrusion. It concludes by advocating the need for improved safety standards and regulations in India to better protect occupants in side impact collisions.
Design and Analysis of Bus Front Panel Usin G FRPIJERA Editor
Recently, Advance composite materials have taken the significant share with other engineering materials due to its mechanical properties and high strength to weight ratio. Advance composite like E-glass, S-glass, Carbon fiber, Kevlar are not yet confined at the aerospace industry but gradually these are taking over the position of other industries as well. Because of its attaining high intricacy in designing factors and as well as cheaper mould design and also less cost in production of few numbers. The applications of FRPs are spirally increasing. The aim of this project is to develop a BUS FRONT PANEL with a help of FRPs in order to sustain all the mechanical properties which are equivalent to the metals with the help of advanced computer aided software designs like ANSYS. In computer aided engineering to make the product proven in the realistic market.
Review on Design and Analysis of Front BumperYogeshIJTSRD
Proper design of front bumper is essential in safeguarding engine bay during low impact collisions. The energy absorption characteristics of bumpers should be good enough to absorb impact energy without causing any damage to internal parts. The current research studies the various analysis conducted on front bumper using numerical and experimental techniques to determine the effect of various composite materials, high strength sheet moulding compounds and reinforced rib on improving energy absorption characteristics of bumper. J Chakravarthi | Dr. Alok Sharma "Review on Design & Analysis of Front Bumper" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39989.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/39989/review-on-design-and-analysis-of-front-bumper/j-chakravarthi
Study of an alternate manufacturing process of piston pineSAT Journals
Abstract In automobile industry development in technology has been increases significantly and so as the performance of an engine. In reciprocating internal combustion engine major parts having sliding motion among their parts and failure of any part in dynamic stage will cause major impact on engine such as failure of an engine. Piston pin play a vital role in the reciprocating internal combustion engine. Failure of piston pin will result in failure of engine. It has been investigated that fatigue failureis one of the major reason of failure of a piston pin. Piston pin are subjected to multiaxial stresses due to which crack initiation and propagation from the surface decreases intensely the fatigue strength of surface and fatigue fracture occurredso every effort has to be made towards improvement in sliding properties of piston pin which will reduce wear resistance of metal surface and ultimately increases fatigue life of piston pin without sacrificing any of the major property requirements of the substrate material. Literature shows that phosphating is one of the surface coating method which will improve friction properties and wear properties thus increases fatigue life. In this work, an effort is to suggest phosphate surface coating on a piston pin as an alternative to conventional surface coating. The investigation effect of phosphating surface coating on piston pin of different material is studied by using design of experiments. Key Words: Design of Experiment, Fatigue Strength, Piston pin, Phosphating
Verification of Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) in Optimization of Chassis f...AM Publications
Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) has been an important tool in the process of automotive product development. Chassis of the automobile are subjected to excitations from the road conditions and due to engine operations during their life cycle. While designing this component, it should be ensured that it with stand the random vibration loads for the life cycle of the vehicle. The chassis was modelled in solid works and analyzed in ANSYS14.0 where it was subjected to vibration. The behaviors of structural steel, Mild steel, Cast iron gray, Aluminum alloy and Magnesium alloy were investigated under the same conditions. Cast iron gray were found to be the most suitable with maximum deformation of 0.10988m, maximum stress of 9.2398GPa and with least frequency of vibration of 53.961Hz.
Verification of Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) in Optimization of Chassis f...AM Publications
Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) has been an important tool in the process of automotive product development. Chassis of the automobile are subjected to excitations from the road conditions and due to engine operations during their life cycle. While designing this component, it should be ensured that it with stand the random vibration loads for the life cycle of the vehicle. The chassis was modelled in solid works and analyzed in ANSYS14.0 where it was subjected to vibration. The behaviors of structural steel, Mild steel, Cast iron gray, Aluminum alloy and Magnesium alloy were investigated under the same conditions. Cast iron gray were found to be the most suitable with maximum deformation of 0.10988m, maximum stress of 9.2398GPa and with least frequency of vibration of 53.961Hz.
An evaluation of jute epoxy-hybrid composite materials for automotive frontal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The present work evaluates the occupant safety and the mechanical behavior of the Jute-Epoxy-Glass hybrid composite materials and to carry out dynamic analysis of an automobile car frontal components like Bumper beam by using Jute-Epoxy-Glass Hybrid composite material by FE approach. In the present study, HYPERMESH and LS-DYNA software is employed to obtain a better composite material. Durability, NVH, Crash safety and Aesthetics are some of the important vehicle attributes that need to be meet the vehicle manufacturer. While the crash safety for NHTSA requires the G level should be less then 40G'S at the occupant seat. Initially manufacturing of 4 ply, 6 ply (Jute-Epoxy) and 5 ply (Jute-Glass-Epoxy) laminates is done and there characterization is done under Quasi static (1mm/min) and Impact High strain rate loading (100mm/min and 200mm/min) for tensile tests. The mechanical properties obtained are set for the existing bumper beam of a meshed model. For bumper beam of a car with a given velocity of 56 km/h according to the NHTSA high speed crash test. For a high speed crash speed test of bumper beam the G levels is taken into consideration so that the G levels acting upon the occupant doesn't cross 40 G'S as safer. The results obtained from high strain rate of 200mm/min tensile tests explore to bumper beam for which G level acting on the occupant is 35 G's for hybrid jute glass epoxy with 6mm thickness which is found to be best suited composite material which is safer for the occupant and also the weight reduction is also considered where conventionally used steel is 6.6 kgs and the hybrid material of Jute-Glass-Epoxy is 2.9 kgs these weight savings leads to fuel efficiency of the car. Keywords: Hybrid composites, NHTSA, Ls-Dyna, High strain rate And G levels etc…
Design and Analysis of Go Kart Chassis for Front, Side and Rear Impactijtsrd
This paper deals with Go kart chassis building with the help of modelling software CATIA V15 and analysis of the same for front, side and rear impact. The cassis has been designed for light weight profile and engine mounting of capacity 135cc. The go kart vehicle is meant for participation in various Go kart event organized all over the India. The preliminary test for these events is checking of 3 D model of the chassis frame and analysis of the same chassis frame under front, side and rear impact. During collision the chassis is under impact loading conditions so it has to be thoroughly analyzed for impact loads. The studies found below shades some light on how the chassis behaves under impact loading conditions. Chassis is made up of a tubular cross section pipe, fabricated assembly of EN8 grade and a few other grades. In this kart, we have used EN8 class tube with 1 inch diameter and 1.5 mm wall thickness. The results obtained for permissible stresses, Factor of safety and deformation are found to be well within range. This makes the chassis suitable for Go kart events. The main criteria that has been focused here is maximum deformation and stress. The stresses should be well within Von mises stress range and so as the Factor of safety. After analysis, both are found to be well within range. Chetan Mahatme | Pratik Lande | Surendra Nagpure | Abhishek Pawar | Nikhil Kharabe ""Design and Analysis of Go-Kart Chassis for Front, Side and Rear Impact"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22973.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/22973/design-and-analysis-of-go-kart-chassis-for-front-side-and-rear-impact/chetan-mahatme
Design and Analysis of Bus Front Panel Usin G FRPIJERA Editor
Recently, Advance composite materials have taken the significant share with other engineering materials due to its mechanical properties and high strength to weight ratio. Advance composite like E-glass, S-glass, Carbon fiber, Kevlar are not yet confined at the aerospace industry but gradually these are taking over the position of other industries as well. Because of its attaining high intricacy in designing factors and as well as cheaper mould design and also less cost in production of few numbers. The applications of FRPs are spirally increasing. The aim of this project is to develop a BUS FRONT PANEL with a help of FRPs in order to sustain all the mechanical properties which are equivalent to the metals with the help of advanced computer aided software designs like ANSYS. In computer aided engineering to make the product proven in the realistic market.
Review on Design and Analysis of Front BumperYogeshIJTSRD
Proper design of front bumper is essential in safeguarding engine bay during low impact collisions. The energy absorption characteristics of bumpers should be good enough to absorb impact energy without causing any damage to internal parts. The current research studies the various analysis conducted on front bumper using numerical and experimental techniques to determine the effect of various composite materials, high strength sheet moulding compounds and reinforced rib on improving energy absorption characteristics of bumper. J Chakravarthi | Dr. Alok Sharma "Review on Design & Analysis of Front Bumper" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39989.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/39989/review-on-design-and-analysis-of-front-bumper/j-chakravarthi
Study of an alternate manufacturing process of piston pineSAT Journals
Abstract In automobile industry development in technology has been increases significantly and so as the performance of an engine. In reciprocating internal combustion engine major parts having sliding motion among their parts and failure of any part in dynamic stage will cause major impact on engine such as failure of an engine. Piston pin play a vital role in the reciprocating internal combustion engine. Failure of piston pin will result in failure of engine. It has been investigated that fatigue failureis one of the major reason of failure of a piston pin. Piston pin are subjected to multiaxial stresses due to which crack initiation and propagation from the surface decreases intensely the fatigue strength of surface and fatigue fracture occurredso every effort has to be made towards improvement in sliding properties of piston pin which will reduce wear resistance of metal surface and ultimately increases fatigue life of piston pin without sacrificing any of the major property requirements of the substrate material. Literature shows that phosphating is one of the surface coating method which will improve friction properties and wear properties thus increases fatigue life. In this work, an effort is to suggest phosphate surface coating on a piston pin as an alternative to conventional surface coating. The investigation effect of phosphating surface coating on piston pin of different material is studied by using design of experiments. Key Words: Design of Experiment, Fatigue Strength, Piston pin, Phosphating
Verification of Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) in Optimization of Chassis f...AM Publications
Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) has been an important tool in the process of automotive product development. Chassis of the automobile are subjected to excitations from the road conditions and due to engine operations during their life cycle. While designing this component, it should be ensured that it with stand the random vibration loads for the life cycle of the vehicle. The chassis was modelled in solid works and analyzed in ANSYS14.0 where it was subjected to vibration. The behaviors of structural steel, Mild steel, Cast iron gray, Aluminum alloy and Magnesium alloy were investigated under the same conditions. Cast iron gray were found to be the most suitable with maximum deformation of 0.10988m, maximum stress of 9.2398GPa and with least frequency of vibration of 53.961Hz.
Verification of Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) in Optimization of Chassis f...AM Publications
Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) has been an important tool in the process of automotive product development. Chassis of the automobile are subjected to excitations from the road conditions and due to engine operations during their life cycle. While designing this component, it should be ensured that it with stand the random vibration loads for the life cycle of the vehicle. The chassis was modelled in solid works and analyzed in ANSYS14.0 where it was subjected to vibration. The behaviors of structural steel, Mild steel, Cast iron gray, Aluminum alloy and Magnesium alloy were investigated under the same conditions. Cast iron gray were found to be the most suitable with maximum deformation of 0.10988m, maximum stress of 9.2398GPa and with least frequency of vibration of 53.961Hz.
An evaluation of jute epoxy-hybrid composite materials for automotive frontal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The present work evaluates the occupant safety and the mechanical behavior of the Jute-Epoxy-Glass hybrid composite materials and to carry out dynamic analysis of an automobile car frontal components like Bumper beam by using Jute-Epoxy-Glass Hybrid composite material by FE approach. In the present study, HYPERMESH and LS-DYNA software is employed to obtain a better composite material. Durability, NVH, Crash safety and Aesthetics are some of the important vehicle attributes that need to be meet the vehicle manufacturer. While the crash safety for NHTSA requires the G level should be less then 40G'S at the occupant seat. Initially manufacturing of 4 ply, 6 ply (Jute-Epoxy) and 5 ply (Jute-Glass-Epoxy) laminates is done and there characterization is done under Quasi static (1mm/min) and Impact High strain rate loading (100mm/min and 200mm/min) for tensile tests. The mechanical properties obtained are set for the existing bumper beam of a meshed model. For bumper beam of a car with a given velocity of 56 km/h according to the NHTSA high speed crash test. For a high speed crash speed test of bumper beam the G levels is taken into consideration so that the G levels acting upon the occupant doesn't cross 40 G'S as safer. The results obtained from high strain rate of 200mm/min tensile tests explore to bumper beam for which G level acting on the occupant is 35 G's for hybrid jute glass epoxy with 6mm thickness which is found to be best suited composite material which is safer for the occupant and also the weight reduction is also considered where conventionally used steel is 6.6 kgs and the hybrid material of Jute-Glass-Epoxy is 2.9 kgs these weight savings leads to fuel efficiency of the car. Keywords: Hybrid composites, NHTSA, Ls-Dyna, High strain rate And G levels etc…
Design and Analysis of Go Kart Chassis for Front, Side and Rear Impactijtsrd
This paper deals with Go kart chassis building with the help of modelling software CATIA V15 and analysis of the same for front, side and rear impact. The cassis has been designed for light weight profile and engine mounting of capacity 135cc. The go kart vehicle is meant for participation in various Go kart event organized all over the India. The preliminary test for these events is checking of 3 D model of the chassis frame and analysis of the same chassis frame under front, side and rear impact. During collision the chassis is under impact loading conditions so it has to be thoroughly analyzed for impact loads. The studies found below shades some light on how the chassis behaves under impact loading conditions. Chassis is made up of a tubular cross section pipe, fabricated assembly of EN8 grade and a few other grades. In this kart, we have used EN8 class tube with 1 inch diameter and 1.5 mm wall thickness. The results obtained for permissible stresses, Factor of safety and deformation are found to be well within range. This makes the chassis suitable for Go kart events. The main criteria that has been focused here is maximum deformation and stress. The stresses should be well within Von mises stress range and so as the Factor of safety. After analysis, both are found to be well within range. Chetan Mahatme | Pratik Lande | Surendra Nagpure | Abhishek Pawar | Nikhil Kharabe ""Design and Analysis of Go-Kart Chassis for Front, Side and Rear Impact"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22973.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/22973/design-and-analysis-of-go-kart-chassis-for-front-side-and-rear-impact/chetan-mahatme
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
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Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.