Elements of research problem
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Elements of a research problem
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Research (nature characteristics of research) copy
The document discusses different types of research based on inquiry, purpose, and method. It defines rationalistic research as beginning with an existing theory and using formal instruments to generalize findings by controlling variables. Naturalistic research observes subjects in their natural environment to understand their interpretations. Basic/fundamental research seeks basic truths without immediate practical application, while applied research seeks practical solutions to problems. Descriptive research describes population characteristics, and experimental research uses control and experimental groups in a laboratory setting.
CRITERIA TO SELECT A GOOD RESEARCH PROBLEM
This document outlines 15 criteria for selecting a good research problem: 1) significance to the discipline, 2) originality, 3) feasibility, 4) administrative support, 5) peer support, 6) availability of subjects, 7) researcher's competency, 8) ethical considerations, 9) being solvable, 10) being current, 11) being interesting, 12) being clear and unambiguous, 13) being empirical and verifiable, 14) relevance, and 15) being systematic. It emphasizes that a good research problem contributes new knowledge to a field, can be completed given constraints, and generates useful results.
Classification of research
This document classifies research into three main categories: basic research, applied research, and action research. It also describes strategies for research, dividing them into quantitative and qualitative methods. Basic research aims to develop and refine theory, while applied research focuses on problem solving. Action research involves practitioners studying their own problems. Quantitative research uses statistical analysis and large sample sizes, while qualitative research relies on collecting stories and developing narratives from smaller samples. The document provides examples of studies conducted with these different approaches.
Causal comparative research
Causal-comparative research attempts to identify cause-and-effect relationships by comparing two or more groups that differ on some independent variable. It is a nonexperimental method used to explore potential causes of existing differences between groups. Researchers select groups that already differ on the independent variable rather than manipulating the variable. Common threats to validity include lack of randomization and inability to control for confounding variables. Analysis typically involves comparing means and using t-tests or ANOVAs to determine if differences between groups are statistically significant.
CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH BY PURPOSE & METHOD
This document classifies research by purpose and method. For purpose, it discusses basic vs applied research, research and development, and evaluative research. For method, it discusses historical research which describes past conditions, descriptive research which describes present data and characteristics, and experimental research which manipulates variables to discern effects.
Chapter 3-THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
This document outlines the basic components and structure of a research paper. It discusses the typical chapters which include an introduction describing the problem, a literature review, the research methodology, presentation of findings, and conclusions. It also provides examples of developing a research topic, writing a research question, and stating the purpose and significance of a study. The document provides guidance on formulating a research problem and selecting a topic that meets criteria such as novelty, practical value, and feasibility.
Research problem
This document discusses guidelines for selecting and developing a research problem or topic. It defines a research problem and lists the characteristics of a good problem as being specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound. The elements of a research problem are identified as the aim or purpose, subject matter, place, time period, and population. Finally, 18 guidelines for selecting a research topic are provided such as choosing a topic of interest, ensuring it is researchable and can be completed in a reasonable time frame, and that it contributes new knowledge and solutions.
Statement of the problem (final)
This document provides an outline for developing a research proposal. It includes sections for background information, defining the research problem, formulating objectives, selecting a research topic, and identifying variables and measurements. Sample questions are given to help formulate a clear research problem. The purpose is to guide the researcher in developing the key components of an empirical study, including subjects, test organisms, study location, and phenomenon. Target beneficiaries are identified. References are also included. The overall goal is to design a scientifically sound research proposal or study.
Recommended
Research (nature characteristics of research) copy
The document discusses different types of research based on inquiry, purpose, and method. It defines rationalistic research as beginning with an existing theory and using formal instruments to generalize findings by controlling variables. Naturalistic research observes subjects in their natural environment to understand their interpretations. Basic/fundamental research seeks basic truths without immediate practical application, while applied research seeks practical solutions to problems. Descriptive research describes population characteristics, and experimental research uses control and experimental groups in a laboratory setting.
CRITERIA TO SELECT A GOOD RESEARCH PROBLEM
This document outlines 15 criteria for selecting a good research problem: 1) significance to the discipline, 2) originality, 3) feasibility, 4) administrative support, 5) peer support, 6) availability of subjects, 7) researcher's competency, 8) ethical considerations, 9) being solvable, 10) being current, 11) being interesting, 12) being clear and unambiguous, 13) being empirical and verifiable, 14) relevance, and 15) being systematic. It emphasizes that a good research problem contributes new knowledge to a field, can be completed given constraints, and generates useful results.
Classification of research
This document classifies research into three main categories: basic research, applied research, and action research. It also describes strategies for research, dividing them into quantitative and qualitative methods. Basic research aims to develop and refine theory, while applied research focuses on problem solving. Action research involves practitioners studying their own problems. Quantitative research uses statistical analysis and large sample sizes, while qualitative research relies on collecting stories and developing narratives from smaller samples. The document provides examples of studies conducted with these different approaches.
Causal comparative research
Causal-comparative research attempts to identify cause-and-effect relationships by comparing two or more groups that differ on some independent variable. It is a nonexperimental method used to explore potential causes of existing differences between groups. Researchers select groups that already differ on the independent variable rather than manipulating the variable. Common threats to validity include lack of randomization and inability to control for confounding variables. Analysis typically involves comparing means and using t-tests or ANOVAs to determine if differences between groups are statistically significant.
CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH BY PURPOSE & METHOD
This document classifies research by purpose and method. For purpose, it discusses basic vs applied research, research and development, and evaluative research. For method, it discusses historical research which describes past conditions, descriptive research which describes present data and characteristics, and experimental research which manipulates variables to discern effects.
Chapter 3-THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
This document outlines the basic components and structure of a research paper. It discusses the typical chapters which include an introduction describing the problem, a literature review, the research methodology, presentation of findings, and conclusions. It also provides examples of developing a research topic, writing a research question, and stating the purpose and significance of a study. The document provides guidance on formulating a research problem and selecting a topic that meets criteria such as novelty, practical value, and feasibility.
Research problem
This document discusses guidelines for selecting and developing a research problem or topic. It defines a research problem and lists the characteristics of a good problem as being specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound. The elements of a research problem are identified as the aim or purpose, subject matter, place, time period, and population. Finally, 18 guidelines for selecting a research topic are provided such as choosing a topic of interest, ensuring it is researchable and can be completed in a reasonable time frame, and that it contributes new knowledge and solutions.
Statement of the problem (final)
This document provides an outline for developing a research proposal. It includes sections for background information, defining the research problem, formulating objectives, selecting a research topic, and identifying variables and measurements. Sample questions are given to help formulate a clear research problem. The purpose is to guide the researcher in developing the key components of an empirical study, including subjects, test organisms, study location, and phenomenon. Target beneficiaries are identified. References are also included. The overall goal is to design a scientifically sound research proposal or study.
Chapter 6-THEORETICAL & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
This document defines key terms related to theoretical and conceptual frameworks, including concepts, constructs, variables, conceptual framework, and theoretical framework. It explains that a conceptual framework consists of concepts and proposed relationships between concepts, while a theoretical framework is based on existing theories. The purposes of conceptual and theoretical frameworks are to clarify concepts, propose relationships between concepts, provide context for interpreting findings, and stimulate further research and theory development.
Conceptual framework
The document defines and discusses conceptual frameworks. It notes that a conceptual framework 1) explains graphically or in narrative form the key factors, concepts or variables in what is being studied and the relationships between them, 2) represents a way of thinking about a problem or study, and 3) sets the stage for presenting a research question based on a problem statement. A conceptual framework identifies relevant variables, defines them, and shows tentative relationships between dependent and independent variables. It can take the form of equations, diagrams, or descriptions. The development of a conceptual framework is an iterative process that is revisited and revised throughout a research study.
Quantitative data analysis
This document provides an overview of quantitative data analysis and statistical tests. It discusses research questions, variables, descriptive and inferential statistics. Common statistical tests are explained like the Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman rank correlation, Kruskal-Wallis test, t-test, Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and chi-square test. Factors to consider when selecting a statistical test are highlighted like level of data, number of groups, independent or related groups, and data distribution. The document emphasizes keeping analyses simple and statistics in context of discussion.
Problem statement of research
1) The document discusses how to write an effective statement of the problem for a research proposal. It provides guidelines for selecting a research problem, considerations in selecting a problem, criteria for a good problem, and the key parts and characteristics of an effective statement.
2) The statement of the problem should clearly identify the research problem by describing an ideal situation, the current reality that prevents achieving that ideal, and how the proposed research can help improve the current situation.
3) Examples are provided to illustrate the three-part structure of the statement, including describing the goal, the shortcoming of the current approach, and how the proposed research can address it. The statement of the problem lays the foundation for the entire research project
Samplels & Sampling Techniques
This document provides information about sampling methods that will be used in a study being conducted in the Cordillera Administrative Region of the Philippines. It describes the population as the provinces in this region. The sample will include one province from each of three income classifications (second class, third class, fourth class) plus the city of Baguio, to represent the diversity of the region. Formulas for determining sample size are provided for both probability and non-probability sampling.
How to write the rationale for research?
The rationale of your research is the objective of the study. The reason should explain why the research was started in the first place. It's an essential part of your work since it demonstrates the significance and uniqueness of your research. As a result, it's often referred to as the study's reason. Your analysis would be arranged in an ideal world: observation, justification, hypothesis, objectives, methodology, findings, and conclusions. To begin writing your rationale, offer background information on all the research on your study topic. Then consider, "What is missing?" or "What are the research's unanswered questions?" Identify the gaps in the literature and explain why they must be filled. Finally, it resolves to serve as the foundation for your investigation.
Visit Here - https://pubrica.com/academy/physician-writing/how-to-write-the-rationale-for-research/
identifying the inquiry and stating the problem
This document discusses various aspects of developing a research study, including identifying the research problem and questions. It provides examples of general and specific research questions for different types of research (descriptive, correlational, causal-comparative, experimental). It also discusses factors to consider in selecting a research topic, such as relevance and interest. Components of a research study are outlined, including background of the study, research gap, and significance. Readers are guided through activities to write research questions for sample topics and assess statements about research topics and questions.
Chapter 1-INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH
This document discusses the definition and purpose of research. It defines research as the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information to increase understanding of a topic or to solve a problem. The purpose of research is to gain new knowledge, correct perceptions, and find solutions to problems. Some key characteristics of good research include careful planning and analysis, accurate observation, and openness to new ideas. Nursing research specifically aims to improve patient care and develop effective solutions to health issues.
Theoretical Framework
The document discusses theoretical frameworks for research. It provides information on several theories that could be used as the basis for a study, including organizational theory, performance theory, and theories on governance, collective action, and service delivery. It emphasizes that the theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory that explains the research problem and will guide hypotheses, variable selection, and data analysis. The theoretical framework strengthens a study by allowing critical evaluation, connecting to existing knowledge, explaining phenomena, and identifying limits of generalizations.
The Nature of Research
This document defines research and outlines its key characteristics. Research is defined as a systematic process of investigating problems based on facts and logic rather than opinions. It involves gathering original data, analyzing it critically and reaching evidence-based conclusions. Research is characterized as expert, systematic, objective, patient and carefully documented. The main types of research are applied, basic, historical, descriptive and experimental. Descriptive research seeks to characterize existing situations through techniques like content analysis, case studies, surveys and participant observation.
RESEARCH PROBLEM
RESEARCH PROBLEM PRESENTATION WITH GAMES
-SOURCES OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
-TOPIC IDENTIFICATION
-ELEMENTS OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
-CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD RESEARCH PROBLEM
Lesson 5 research objectives
This is lesson 5 of the course on Research Methodology conducted at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
The Research Problem
This document discusses guidelines for selecting a research problem and formulating hypotheses. It defines key terms like research problem, assumption, hypothesis, and title. It provides guidelines for writing titles, selecting research topics, formulating general and specific research problems. It also discusses the different forms hypotheses can take and their purposes and functions in research.
Conceptual and theoretical framework
This document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing rationale for relationships between variables in a research study, analogous to the frame of a house. A conceptual framework outlines courses of action or preferred approaches. The document describes developing frameworks by selecting concepts and relationships, and defining concepts operationally. Frameworks guide entire research studies by informing hypotheses, observations, designs, and interpretations. Theories can be descriptive, explanatory, or predictive and are tested through different research types. Nursing frameworks contribute unique perspectives on persons, environments, health, and nursing. Frameworks should be clearly identified and defined, with logical relationships supported by literature.
Guidelines in choosing a research topic
The document provides guidelines for choosing a good research topic, including focusing on topics that interest you, have available information to research, and are timely and relevant. It suggests avoiding controversial, highly technical, hard to investigate, too broad or narrow topics. Specifically, topics should have sufficient available sources to research thoroughly and provide an in-depth analysis of a focused subject within the scope of course requirements and your personal resources.
LO2 Elements of the Research Problem
The document discusses various aspects of developing a research problem statement, including identifying a research topic, formulating a statement of the problem, developing hypotheses, defining variables, and establishing the significance of the study. As an example, it provides a proposed research study on the development orientation and governance of municipal and city government officials in Pangasinan Province. The study would assess officials' development orientation and governance, examine how these relate to personal profiles and differences across profiles, and explore implications for local authorities, citizens, and respondents.
Difference between qualitative and quantitative research shani
nursing research### quantitative research###qualitative research###difference#### process of research ......
Quantitative Vs qualitative research.......÷######$###@@@@@@@@@@ based on hypothesis, ............., variables analysis,............ interpretation, .............
Kinds & classification of research
There are many ways to classify research, including by purpose, goal, level of investigation, type of analysis, scope, choice of answers to problems, statistical content, and time element. Some of the main classifications are basic/pure research conducted for intellectual purposes versus applied research which tests theories in practice, quantitative research which uses statistics versus non-quantitative, and historical research which describes the past versus descriptive or experimental.
Research problem
This document discusses key aspects of defining a research problem, including identifying a researchable problem, sources of research problems, writing a problem statement, and developing research questions. It emphasizes that a well-defined research problem lays the foundation for a successful research project. The first step is to identify a compelling topic and formulate a problem statement that introduces the research area and leads to specific questions. A good research problem should be significant, clearly delineated, and have accessible information to draw conclusions. Narrowing the scope and defining key terms helps ensure the problem is manageable.
Review of Related Literature
This document provides an overview of the research process and guidelines for reviewing related literature. It discusses the importance of reviewing related literature to avoid duplicating past studies and provide context for the research problem. The review of related literature should include recent, objective materials that are directly relevant to the study, such as findings, methods, and conclusions from past investigations. When writing the literature review, the researcher should paraphrase sources, cite authors, include only relevant information, and relate sources to the research topic. The review should have a logical flow and avoid lengthy quotes or a list-like format.
Scientific methods of research
This document discusses the scientific method. It defines scientific methods as systematic investigations aimed at developing general knowledge about natural phenomena through objective and empirical means. The characteristics described include being orderly, attempting to control external factors, and basing findings on evidence that can be generalized. The purposes are listed as description, exploration, explanation, prediction, control, prescription, and identifying relationships. The steps outlined are selecting a topic, defining objectives and variables, stating hypotheses, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, and communicating findings. Limitations discussed include ethical issues with human subjects, complexity of human behavior, measurement challenges, and difficulty controlling external variables.
Research process
The 7 step research process includes: 1) defining the research problem, 2) reviewing relevant literature, 3) formulating testable hypotheses, 4) designing the research methodology, 5) collecting primary data through methods like surveys and interviews, 6) analyzing the collected data, and 7) interpreting the findings and reporting the results. The overall goal is to gather information to initiate, modify, or terminate investments or projects through a systematic process of exploring an issue, collecting evidence, and drawing conclusions.
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Chapter 6-THEORETICAL & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
This document defines key terms related to theoretical and conceptual frameworks, including concepts, constructs, variables, conceptual framework, and theoretical framework. It explains that a conceptual framework consists of concepts and proposed relationships between concepts, while a theoretical framework is based on existing theories. The purposes of conceptual and theoretical frameworks are to clarify concepts, propose relationships between concepts, provide context for interpreting findings, and stimulate further research and theory development.
Conceptual framework
The document defines and discusses conceptual frameworks. It notes that a conceptual framework 1) explains graphically or in narrative form the key factors, concepts or variables in what is being studied and the relationships between them, 2) represents a way of thinking about a problem or study, and 3) sets the stage for presenting a research question based on a problem statement. A conceptual framework identifies relevant variables, defines them, and shows tentative relationships between dependent and independent variables. It can take the form of equations, diagrams, or descriptions. The development of a conceptual framework is an iterative process that is revisited and revised throughout a research study.
Quantitative data analysis
This document provides an overview of quantitative data analysis and statistical tests. It discusses research questions, variables, descriptive and inferential statistics. Common statistical tests are explained like the Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman rank correlation, Kruskal-Wallis test, t-test, Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and chi-square test. Factors to consider when selecting a statistical test are highlighted like level of data, number of groups, independent or related groups, and data distribution. The document emphasizes keeping analyses simple and statistics in context of discussion.
Problem statement of research
1) The document discusses how to write an effective statement of the problem for a research proposal. It provides guidelines for selecting a research problem, considerations in selecting a problem, criteria for a good problem, and the key parts and characteristics of an effective statement.
2) The statement of the problem should clearly identify the research problem by describing an ideal situation, the current reality that prevents achieving that ideal, and how the proposed research can help improve the current situation.
3) Examples are provided to illustrate the three-part structure of the statement, including describing the goal, the shortcoming of the current approach, and how the proposed research can address it. The statement of the problem lays the foundation for the entire research project
Samplels & Sampling Techniques
This document provides information about sampling methods that will be used in a study being conducted in the Cordillera Administrative Region of the Philippines. It describes the population as the provinces in this region. The sample will include one province from each of three income classifications (second class, third class, fourth class) plus the city of Baguio, to represent the diversity of the region. Formulas for determining sample size are provided for both probability and non-probability sampling.
How to write the rationale for research?
The rationale of your research is the objective of the study. The reason should explain why the research was started in the first place. It's an essential part of your work since it demonstrates the significance and uniqueness of your research. As a result, it's often referred to as the study's reason. Your analysis would be arranged in an ideal world: observation, justification, hypothesis, objectives, methodology, findings, and conclusions. To begin writing your rationale, offer background information on all the research on your study topic. Then consider, "What is missing?" or "What are the research's unanswered questions?" Identify the gaps in the literature and explain why they must be filled. Finally, it resolves to serve as the foundation for your investigation.
Visit Here - https://pubrica.com/academy/physician-writing/how-to-write-the-rationale-for-research/
identifying the inquiry and stating the problem
This document discusses various aspects of developing a research study, including identifying the research problem and questions. It provides examples of general and specific research questions for different types of research (descriptive, correlational, causal-comparative, experimental). It also discusses factors to consider in selecting a research topic, such as relevance and interest. Components of a research study are outlined, including background of the study, research gap, and significance. Readers are guided through activities to write research questions for sample topics and assess statements about research topics and questions.
Chapter 1-INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH
This document discusses the definition and purpose of research. It defines research as the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information to increase understanding of a topic or to solve a problem. The purpose of research is to gain new knowledge, correct perceptions, and find solutions to problems. Some key characteristics of good research include careful planning and analysis, accurate observation, and openness to new ideas. Nursing research specifically aims to improve patient care and develop effective solutions to health issues.
Theoretical Framework
The document discusses theoretical frameworks for research. It provides information on several theories that could be used as the basis for a study, including organizational theory, performance theory, and theories on governance, collective action, and service delivery. It emphasizes that the theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory that explains the research problem and will guide hypotheses, variable selection, and data analysis. The theoretical framework strengthens a study by allowing critical evaluation, connecting to existing knowledge, explaining phenomena, and identifying limits of generalizations.
The Nature of Research
This document defines research and outlines its key characteristics. Research is defined as a systematic process of investigating problems based on facts and logic rather than opinions. It involves gathering original data, analyzing it critically and reaching evidence-based conclusions. Research is characterized as expert, systematic, objective, patient and carefully documented. The main types of research are applied, basic, historical, descriptive and experimental. Descriptive research seeks to characterize existing situations through techniques like content analysis, case studies, surveys and participant observation.
RESEARCH PROBLEM
RESEARCH PROBLEM PRESENTATION WITH GAMES
-SOURCES OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
-TOPIC IDENTIFICATION
-ELEMENTS OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
-CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD RESEARCH PROBLEM
Lesson 5 research objectives
This is lesson 5 of the course on Research Methodology conducted at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
The Research Problem
This document discusses guidelines for selecting a research problem and formulating hypotheses. It defines key terms like research problem, assumption, hypothesis, and title. It provides guidelines for writing titles, selecting research topics, formulating general and specific research problems. It also discusses the different forms hypotheses can take and their purposes and functions in research.
Conceptual and theoretical framework
This document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing rationale for relationships between variables in a research study, analogous to the frame of a house. A conceptual framework outlines courses of action or preferred approaches. The document describes developing frameworks by selecting concepts and relationships, and defining concepts operationally. Frameworks guide entire research studies by informing hypotheses, observations, designs, and interpretations. Theories can be descriptive, explanatory, or predictive and are tested through different research types. Nursing frameworks contribute unique perspectives on persons, environments, health, and nursing. Frameworks should be clearly identified and defined, with logical relationships supported by literature.
Guidelines in choosing a research topic
The document provides guidelines for choosing a good research topic, including focusing on topics that interest you, have available information to research, and are timely and relevant. It suggests avoiding controversial, highly technical, hard to investigate, too broad or narrow topics. Specifically, topics should have sufficient available sources to research thoroughly and provide an in-depth analysis of a focused subject within the scope of course requirements and your personal resources.
LO2 Elements of the Research Problem
The document discusses various aspects of developing a research problem statement, including identifying a research topic, formulating a statement of the problem, developing hypotheses, defining variables, and establishing the significance of the study. As an example, it provides a proposed research study on the development orientation and governance of municipal and city government officials in Pangasinan Province. The study would assess officials' development orientation and governance, examine how these relate to personal profiles and differences across profiles, and explore implications for local authorities, citizens, and respondents.
Difference between qualitative and quantitative research shani
nursing research### quantitative research###qualitative research###difference#### process of research ......
Quantitative Vs qualitative research.......÷######$###@@@@@@@@@@ based on hypothesis, ............., variables analysis,............ interpretation, .............
Kinds & classification of research
There are many ways to classify research, including by purpose, goal, level of investigation, type of analysis, scope, choice of answers to problems, statistical content, and time element. Some of the main classifications are basic/pure research conducted for intellectual purposes versus applied research which tests theories in practice, quantitative research which uses statistics versus non-quantitative, and historical research which describes the past versus descriptive or experimental.
Research problem
This document discusses key aspects of defining a research problem, including identifying a researchable problem, sources of research problems, writing a problem statement, and developing research questions. It emphasizes that a well-defined research problem lays the foundation for a successful research project. The first step is to identify a compelling topic and formulate a problem statement that introduces the research area and leads to specific questions. A good research problem should be significant, clearly delineated, and have accessible information to draw conclusions. Narrowing the scope and defining key terms helps ensure the problem is manageable.
Review of Related Literature
This document provides an overview of the research process and guidelines for reviewing related literature. It discusses the importance of reviewing related literature to avoid duplicating past studies and provide context for the research problem. The review of related literature should include recent, objective materials that are directly relevant to the study, such as findings, methods, and conclusions from past investigations. When writing the literature review, the researcher should paraphrase sources, cite authors, include only relevant information, and relate sources to the research topic. The review should have a logical flow and avoid lengthy quotes or a list-like format.
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Difference between qualitative and quantitative research shani
Difference between qualitative and quantitative research shani
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Scientific methods of research
This document discusses the scientific method. It defines scientific methods as systematic investigations aimed at developing general knowledge about natural phenomena through objective and empirical means. The characteristics described include being orderly, attempting to control external factors, and basing findings on evidence that can be generalized. The purposes are listed as description, exploration, explanation, prediction, control, prescription, and identifying relationships. The steps outlined are selecting a topic, defining objectives and variables, stating hypotheses, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, and communicating findings. Limitations discussed include ethical issues with human subjects, complexity of human behavior, measurement challenges, and difficulty controlling external variables.
Research process
The 7 step research process includes: 1) defining the research problem, 2) reviewing relevant literature, 3) formulating testable hypotheses, 4) designing the research methodology, 5) collecting primary data through methods like surveys and interviews, 6) analyzing the collected data, and 7) interpreting the findings and reporting the results. The overall goal is to gather information to initiate, modify, or terminate investments or projects through a systematic process of exploring an issue, collecting evidence, and drawing conclusions.
Research problem
1. The document discusses identifying and formulating a research problem, which is the first step of the research process. It involves selecting a broad topic and narrowing it down to a specific statement.
2. Several factors are considered when identifying a research problem, including significance to the field of study, originality, feasibility, whether it is solvable, current, and interesting to the researcher. Problems can come from personal or practical experiences, literature, theories, and through consultation with experts.
3. The process of identifying a research problem involves selecting a broad research area, reviewing literature and theories, delimiting the topic, and evaluating the problem by establishing significance, researchability and feasibility before formulating a clear final statement
Research Design
This document discusses research design and its key elements. It defines research design as the basic outline or blueprint of a research study that helps collect and analyze data to find outcomes. A good research design is efficient, flexible, appropriately designed, and helps avoid misleading paths. It includes questions about the study purpose and significance. Research design has four parts: sampling design, observational design, statistical design, and operational design. Key elements are a clear problem statement, objectives, literature review, population and sample, data collection and analysis methods. The document also explains terms like dependent and independent variables, extraneous variables, control, and experimental designs. It discusses research design for exploratory and descriptive research.
Elements of a research project
In this presentation, you will find the elements of a research project, as it is understood in the Master in Urbanism of the TU Delft. This is an adaptation of classical ways of organising a research project.
Research ethics
This document discusses research ethics and plagiarism. It presents four cases involving ethical issues in research: 1) Authorship disputes between a professor and PhD student on a grant-funded study. 2) A doctor considering manipulating data from an interim analysis of a clinical trial. 3) A doctor unsure about participating in an international drug trial. 4) Issues with the informed consent process for a drug safety study. It also provides background on regulations put in place after tragic human experiments and discusses principles of ethical research from the Nuremberg Code.
Lesson 1 • Elements & Principles of Design and Art
This document provides information about the elements and principles of art and design. It discusses the key elements, which are the basic building blocks that make up a piece of art, such as line, shape, space, value, color and texture. It then covers the principles of design, which are techniques for arranging the elements, like emphasis, balance, unity, contrast, movement and pattern. Students are assigned a project to present examples that demonstrate each element and principle using their own photographs.
Importance of research
This document discusses different types of research including quantitative, qualitative, primary, secondary, and self-generated research. It explains that quantitative research uses measurements while qualitative research seeks insights through verbal data. Primary research involves collecting your own data through surveys or interviews. Secondary research uses other people's findings from sources like books or the internet. Self-generated research involves documenting events yourself through photos, video, or audio. The document also outlines purposes of research like audience, market, and production research. It provides examples to illustrate how different organizations conduct and apply various research methods.
Lecture 4
The document discusses key elements of research design including the purpose of studies, types of investigations, study settings, populations, time horizons, and units of analysis. It also covers measurement scales, reliability, and validity. The purpose can be exploratory, descriptive, or for hypothesis testing. Studies can be causal, correlational, contrived or non-contrived. Populations can be individuals, groups, organizations or cultures. Studies can also be cross-sectional or longitudinal. Proper research design ensures the purpose is effectively addressed.
Importance of Research
The document discusses the importance and functions of research. It states that research corrects and expands perceptions by gathering new information on topics that are not well understood. Research also develops and evaluates concepts, practices, theories, and methods for testing these ideas. Additionally, research provides factual information to inform planning, decision-making, and evaluations for solving real-world problems related to issues like population growth, drug addiction, and crime. The document emphasizes that research is important for advancing human knowledge and improving life, and will continue to be relevant as long as people seek to expand their understanding of the world.
Types of Variables
This document defines and provides examples of different types of variables:
- Dependent variables are affected by independent variables. Independent variables are presumed to influence other variables.
- Intervening/mediating variables are caused by the independent variable and themselves cause the dependent variable.
- Organismic variables are personal characteristics used for classification.
- Control/constant variables are not allowed to change during experiments.
- Variables can also be interval, ratio, nominal/categorical, ordinal, dummy, preference, multiple response, or extraneous.
Research Design
The document discusses experimental design in quantitative research. It explains that experimental design involves manipulating an independent variable and comparing its effects on a dependent variable between groups, while controlling for extraneous variables. Key aspects of experimental design discussed include having an intervention, making comparisons between groups, using control groups, determining when to collect data, selecting research sites, and communicating with subjects.
Importance of research
This document outlines different types of research that are important for students to understand, including quantitative, qualitative, secondary, primary, self-generated, audience, market, and production research. Quantitative research involves structured surveys of large representative samples to produce statistics, while qualitative research uses in-depth interviews or discussions of smaller samples to understand perspectives. Secondary research uses existing data, primary research collects first-hand data, and self-generated research uses a student's own recordings. Audience, market, and production research provide information about target audiences, product demand, and planning resources. Mastering various research techniques is essential for student projects across subjects.
Research or Proposal Writing - DEFINITION OF TERMS
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Quantitative And Qualitative Research
Quantitative and qualitative research methods differ in important ways. Quantitative research uses statistical analysis of numeric data from standardized instruments, while qualitative research relies on descriptive analysis of text or image data collected from a small number of individuals. The two approaches also differ in how the research problem is identified, how literature is reviewed, how data is collected and analyzed, and how findings are reported. Common quantitative designs include experimental, correlational, and survey designs, while qualitative designs include grounded theory, ethnographic, narrative, and action research designs. The best approach depends on matching the research questions and goals.
Research design
The document discusses research design, which is a framework that specifies the procedures needed to structure and solve a research problem. It defines the information required and outlines measurement, sampling, data collection, and analysis plans. The document compares exploratory, descriptive, and causal research designs and cross-sectional vs longitudinal studies. Key factors like objectives, characteristics, findings, and outcomes are contrasted for different design types. Common errors in research are also outlined.
Ppt on research design
This document provides an overview of different types of research designs, including exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, and hypothesis-testing designs. It defines what a research design is and lists key features of a good research design such as minimizing bias. For each type of design, it provides a brief definition and highlights important aspects to consider, such as the objective, data collection methods, sample selection, and data analysis. The overall purpose is to introduce and compare different approaches to research design.
4 types of research
This document discusses quantitative research methods. It explains that quantitative research aims to quantify and measure social phenomena numerically in order to examine relationships between variables statistically. Some key points covered include:
- Quantitative research methods include surveys, experiments, and analyzing numerical data. Surveys can be administered in-person, by phone, mail, or online.
- Closed-ended questions are easier to analyze but may limit responses, while open-ended questions provide more flexibility but are harder to analyze.
- Various survey methods like in-person, phone, and mail have different strengths and weaknesses in terms of cost, response rates, and control. Experimental research assigns participants to groups to study causal relationships.
Research Design
The document discusses different aspects of research design including what research design is, its key components, and types of research design. It defines research design as the arrangement of conditions for collecting and analyzing data to combine relevance to the research purpose with efficient procedures. The main components of research design discussed are sampling design, observational design, statistical design, and operational design. It also outlines features of a good research design and key concepts like dependent and independent variables, extraneous variables, control, and research hypotheses. Finally, it discusses research design for exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, and hypothesis-testing research studies.
8 Elements In A Research Proposal
The document outlines the 8 key elements that should be included in a research proposal:
1) Background of the study which establishes the context and area of research.
2) Statement of the problem which describes the research question or problem being addressed.
3) Objectives which state what the research aims to accomplish.
4) Significance which explains why the research is important.
5) Limitations which specify the boundaries and scope of the research.
6) Definition of terms which explains key concepts.
7) Literature review which shows awareness of previous related work.
8) Methodology which describes the data, procedures, and justification of methods.
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Lesson 1 • Elements & Principles of Design and Art
Lesson 1 • Elements & Principles of Design and Art
Research or Proposal Writing - DEFINITION OF TERMS
Research or Proposal Writing - DEFINITION OF TERMS
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Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
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Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
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Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
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Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
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Abstract:
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在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
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6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
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