This lecture covers the nature of research, the importance of research, the purposes and classifications of research, and the research process. It discusses how research should be empirical, systematic, controlled, valid, and reliable. It identifies predictive, directive, and illuminative research based on purpose. Basic and applied research are classified by goal. Exploratory, descriptive, and experimental research differ by level of investigation. Evaluation and development research answer problems differently. Quantitative and non-quantitative research vary in statistical content. The kinds of research also depend on the type and field of study.

1. This lecture deals with:
1.The Nature of Research
2.Importance of research
3.Purposes of research, kinds & classification of research.
4.Research process, understanding research as process

2. Lecture 1
Research “is the open door to a better future; it is a challenge
that removes the threat of stagnation and decay from all
society”. Good and Scates (1972)
Research is “a process of scientific thinking that leads to
the discovery or establishment of new knowledge or truth.
It is not a subjective expression of ideas or opinion.” Isidro and
Malolos (1979)
Research is a “systematic, controlled, empirical, critical
investigation of hypothetical propositions about the
presumed relations among natural phenomena.” Kerlinger (1973)

3. Lecture 1
NATURE OF RESEARCH:
RESEARCH IS EMPIRICAL
RESEARCH SHOULD BE SYSTEMATIC
EMPIRICISM – is the concept that all knowledge is derived from sense experience.
5 steps that characterize the systematic nature of research process:
Identify the
problem
Review
information
Collect data Analyze data
Draw
Conclusion
RESEARCH SHOULD BE CONTROLLED
RESEARCH SHOULD BE VALID
RESEARCH SHOULD BE RELIABLE
RESEARCH HAS A VARIETY OF FORMS

4. Lecture 1
Specific purposes and goals of research:
1. Discover new facts of known phenomena
2. Find solution to problems that are only partially solved
3. Improve or develop new products
4. Discover unrecognized substances or elements
5. Validate generalizations into systematic order
6. Provide basis for decision making in any undertaking
7. Satisfy the researcher’s curiosity
8. Acquire better and deeper understanding about one phenomenon to another
9. Verify existing knowledge
10.Improve educational practices by raising the quality of school products
11.Promote health and prolong life
12.Enhance man’s basic life

5. Lecture 1
KINDS AND CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
Zulueta & Perez (2010)
According to purpose:
1.Predictive or Prognostic
2.Directive
3.Illuminative

6. Lecture 1
According to Goal:
 Basic Research
 Applied Research
KINDS AND CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
Zulueta & Perez (2010)

7. Lecture 1
According to Level of Investigations:
1. Exploratory
2. Descriptive
3. Experimental
KINDS AND CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
Zulueta & Perez (2010)

8. Lecture 1
According to Choice of answers to problems:
1. Evaluation
2. Development
KINDS AND CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
Zulueta & Perez (2010)

9. Lecture 1
According to Statistical Content:
1. Quantitative or Statistical Research
2. Non-quantitative
KINDS AND CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
Zulueta & Perez (2010)

10. Lecture 1
According to types & kinds of research: this focuses on the area or field.
1. Proprietary Research
2. Scholarly Research
3. Behavioral Research
4. Phenomenological Research
5. Communication Research
a. Control analysis(source)
b. Content analysis(message)
c. Media Analysis (channel)
d. Audience Analysis (receiver)
e. Impact Analysis (effects)
KINDS AND CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
Zulueta & Perez (2010)

11. Pre – lecture activity 1
In this lecture we discuss the following:
1.The Nature of Research
2.Importance of research
3.Purposes of research, kinds & classification of research.
4.Research process, understanding research as process