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1. RESEARCH 9

2. The constant changes and rapid
development brought about by scientific
discoveries in our present-day world are
in effect products of the researches
undertaken in different fields of
endeavour. Even the fields of
educational, social, and behavioural
sciences offer unlimited opportunities
for research. As of today, virtually every
field of life has been touched by
research.

3. WHAT IS RESEARCH ???
 The continuous discovery and exploration of the
unknown.
 It entails an investigation of new facts leading to the
discovery of new ideas, new methods, or
improvements.
 An attempt to widen one’s outlook on life.
 KNOWN to the UNKNOWN
 Something new in the possession of the truth.
 Its end product is the discovery of truth.

4. METHODS OF RESEARCH
A. Historical is the process of systematically
examining past events to give an account of
what has happened in the past.
B. Case and clinical studies it describes the behavior
of the group as a whole
C. Descriptive is used to describe characteristics of
a population
or phenomenon being studied.
D. Experimental It has a control group, the subjects have
been randomly assigned between the groups, and the
researcher only tests one effect at a time.

5. TECHNIQUES OF RESEARCH
A. Questionnaire
B. Observation
C. Interview

6. According to PAREL:
“Research is a systematic
study or investigation of
something for the purpose
of answering questions posed
by the researcher.”

7. IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
• Vehicle for mobility
• Shaping the nation’s future
• Brought about progress
• Better lifefor all
• Shows relation of the different ideas and drawconclusions
basedon one’s readings.

8. Social and behavioural researches
are systematic methods of exploring,
analyzing and conceptualizing social life
and human behaviour…..to “extend,
correct or verify knowledge, whether
that knowledge aids in the construction
of a theory or in the practice of an art.”

9. RESEARCHER…
 A person who has an inquisitive mind
 Researcher’s PRIMARY GOAL – distant or immediate
– is to explore and gain an understanding of human
behaviour and social life. (Applied research)
 “pure” or “basic” research
 They often serves both scientific curiosity and
practical goals at the same time.

10. OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
• to answer a specific question
• to solve a particular controversy or issue
PURPOSE OF RESEARCH
• to seek new knowledge
• to provide useful information in the form of
verifiable data

11. Marañon:
(1) The continuous search after
new knowledge of a
fundamental nature
(2) The development of technically
trained people of various levels
to man science agencies,
industrial firms, and allied
organizations

12. ACCORDING TO DE POY & GITLIN (1994)
Five Basic Sources that Professionals use to select a
topic and a researchable problem….
• Professional experience
• Professional trends
• Published research
• Societal trends
• Existing theory

13. • Novelty and avoidance of unnecessary duplication
• The importance of the study to its field
• Interest, intellectual, curiosity and drive
• Training and special qualification
• Availability of data and choice of method
• Special equipment and working conditions
• Sponsorship and administrative cooperation
• Costs and returns
• Hazards, penalties and hardships
• Time factor
ACCORDING TO GOOD(1972)
Criteria for the selection of a problem ….