This document provides an introduction to research. It defines research as "looking for something again" to improve existing ideas. Research aims to verify existing knowledge, acquire new knowledge, apply new knowledge, and advance the researcher's expertise. There are three main types of research: exploration, description, and explanation. Research must be realistic, logical, cyclical, analytical, objective, critical, and replicable. It involves identifying a research problem, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting results, and reporting findings. The characteristics of a successful researcher include being research-oriented, efficient, scientific, effective, active, resourceful, creative, honest, economical, and religious.

1. Unit I: An Introduction to Research

2. Knowing the Real Meaning of Research
• What is researcher?
• Why do we need to conduct research?
• What are the contributions of research to
each one of us?

3. Chapter 1: The Nature of Inquiry and
Research
• The word “research” can be split into two
words:
• Re – a prefix which means “again” Search
which means “to look for something” Thus,
research means “TO LOOK FOR SOMETHING,
AGAIN” Basically, it tries to unravel, improve
and create ideas or something useful out of
something old.

5. NATURE AND INQUIRY OF
RESEARCH • Research, therefore, is an
organized way of finding
new ideas from existing
knowledge with the help of
useful tools that will lead
us to discover new and
useful concepts in order to
improve quality life

6. (1) Verification of Existing
Knowledge
• Research aims to verify or
prove the truthful ness of
existing theories of
knowledge This may lead to
the development of new
ideas, strengthen a current
knowledge, or debunk a
theory

7. (2) Acquisition of New
Knowledge • If research can strengthen
the truthfulness of a
theory, it can also bring
forth new ideas regarding
the theory or even create a
new theory.

8. (3) Application of New
Knowledge • Once a new knowledge has
been proven or verified,
the researcher’s next move
is to utilize that new
knowledge into something
useful to humankind.

9. (4) Advancement of the
Researcher’s Expertise • As researchers conduct
more studies, their
knowledge on a particular
field widens. They gain and
learn a lot from every
experience they encounter.
They become ‘experts’ of a
particular field from which
their study focuses on.

10. Function of Research
Why conduct
RESEARCH?

11. (A) Exploration • It seeks to find more
information about a topic
and broader perspective or
additional knowledge to
what is currently known.
Thus, it is a research that
provides foundation for
future studies.

12. (B) Description • The aim of descriptive
research is to give
additional information on
newly discovered ideas
which were results of
exploration.

13. (C) Explanation • Explanatory research looks
on how things are
connected together and
how things interact. It aims
to explain relationships
existing between variables.

14. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
(A)Realistic
(B)Logical
(C)Cyclical
(D)Analytical
(E) Objective
(F) Critical
(G)Replicable

15. (A) Realistic
• The results of an
investigation should be
based on actual data
which was gathered by
the researcher himself.
The data to be presented
should be a valid
evidence of one’s
investigation.
(B) Logical
• Research should follow
valid procedures and
principles. There are
proper and logical
approaches to find out
answers to a particular
research questions.

16. (C) Cyclical
• One of the characteristics
of research is that it is
cyclical. It starts with a
problem and ends with
another problem. Thus
research is not expected
to end when the research
questions has already
been answered.
(D) Analytical
• Before stating the
conclusion, the
researcher must make
sure that all acceptable
procedures in data
gathering have been
employed correctly.

17. (E) Objective
• Conclusion should be
drawn based on the
accuracy of the
empirical data that
supports the study.
(F) Critical
• In using statistics,
he/she has to establish
a certain confidence
level to be precise in
his/her interpretations
whether the results are
significant or not.

18. (G) Replicable
• This is to verify the
validity and consistency
of the results of the
research if performed in
the same conditions as
the original research.

19. Type of Research
• Basic or Pure Research – researcher aims to
come up with knowledge or contribute to the
existing body of knowledge.
• Applied Research – if the aim of the
researcher is to find applications for the
theories or create a product employing the
existing idea.

20. QUALITATIVE VERSUS QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

22. • Qualitative research
deals with the
characteristics observed
from the subjects and
uses minimal to no
statistical analysis.
• Quantitative research
focuses on the analysis
and interpretation of
the raw numerical data
gathered.

24. How is research conducted?
(A)Identifying Research Problem
(B)Formulating Hypotheses and Designing your
Study.
(C)Data Collection
(D)Analysis of Data and Testing Hypotheses
(E) Interpreting Data
(F) Reporting Results

25. (A) Identifying the Research
Problem
• Research problems may be in
the form of questions which
the researcher aims to answer
at the end of the research
activity. A research problem is
the heart of a good qualitative
research. It serves as the
researchers’ guide throughout
the research process and the
focus of all research activities.
(B) Formulating Hypotheses and
Designing your Study.
• This guide the researcher
toward answering the
researcher is to find out if
the hypothesis he/she has
formulated is correct or not.
• This is where careful
planning and designing of
the research comes in.

26. (C) Data Collection
• Data collection is the process
of fathering information by
means of a defined method, in
order to support your
hypotheses. Data could be
anything that is used to
represent facts and values or
anything that may represent a
characteristic of something
that is being measured.
(D) Analysis of Data and Testing
the Hypothesis
• Data analysis is the process of
examining data for its
conformity to the present
hypotheses. If the data that
has been gathered suggests
truthfulness of the
hypotheses, then hypotheses
will be accepted. Otherwise,
the hypotheses will be
rejected.

27. (E) Interpreting Data
• Based on the results and analysis
of data, conclusion may now be
drawn out. This may lead to
evaluation of a particular theory
or testing the hypothesis based
on the accounts of your subjects.
• Further, in qualitative research,
there is a need for the researcher
to return to the subjects for
validation purposes or what is
technically termed as “member-
checking”.
(F) Reporting Results
• Reporting or
communicating the results
of the study is essential for
the public to know. With
this, the results of research
become beneficial to those
stakeholders who might be
using the findings of the
study in the near future.

28. CHARACTERISTIC OF A SUCCESSFUL
RESEARCHER

29. • Research-Oriented – he is curious to find out the intricacies of
things
• Efficient – researchers make sure that they budget their time,
effort, and resources wisely to accomplish their task in proper time
• Scientific – he follows scientific method in finding out answers to
their queries.
• Effective – Being effective means doing the right things. Errors
cannot be avoided but can be foreseen. A proper protocol has to be
developed for these errors to be minimized.
• Active – A researcher always respond to the challenges of the
modern world. He makes it sure that he is involved in all research
endeavour he and his team is up to. He consistently participates in
all research activities relevant to his expertise.
• Resourceful – one of the good researcher qualities is being
resourceful. Even if the resources are limited, he can still make use
of the available materials to compensate for the things he needs.
He is not stopped by lack of materials to do his tasks at the same
time not sacrificing the validity of research.

30. • Creative – Researcher always have novel ideas in his
minds. He makes use of his creativity to think of unique
ways in order to solve a problem. He always finds new
ways to address a difficult situation and eventually
makes it easier to solve it than the traditional method.
• Honest – whatever the results of his investigation may
be, a researcher reports these in his write-up. Even the
situation it for or against his expectations, he makes it
sure that he reports his findings.
• Economical – Because of limited resources, a
successful researcher makes it a point that these
resources will not be wasted.
• Religious - a researcher is faithful to do the tasks he is
expected to do. He does the research earnestly and
does not give up easily even if non-favourable
situations arise.

32. Thank you so much