This document defines and provides examples of various literary devices and elements. It discusses devices such as allusion, foreshadowing, anagrams, analogy, simile, metaphor, personification, alliteration, paradox, and idioms. For each device, it provides a definition and one or more examples from literature to illustrate how authors use these techniques to add depth, imagery, and interest to their writing.

1. Literary Devices
Literary Elements Literary Techniques

2. Literary
Elements• Universal constituents of literature
• Can be found in any written or oral story

3. Refers to an author's choice of
words. Choose from many words
that have similar denotative
meanings but different
connotative meanings.

4. It is a literary compound of
composition, which shows the
attitudes toward the subject and
toward the audience implied in a
literary work.

5. • Are not universal or necessary
• Not all works contain instances of them
Allusion Foreshadowing
Anagram Figures of Speech
Analogy Idiom

6. Allusion
Is when an author refers to the
events or characters from another
story in her own story with the
hopes that those events will add
context or depth to the story she's
trying to tell.

7. Foreshadowing
An author often wishes to hint where
the story is going, at the same time,
doesn't wish to give away the ending.
When an author hints at the ending of
or at an upcoming event in her story
without fully divulging it.

8. Anagram
Form of literary device wherein the
writer jumbles up parts of the word
to create a new word. From the
syllables of a phrase to the individual
letters of a word, any fraction can be
jumbled to create a new form.

9. Analogy
An analogy is a literary device
that helps to establish a
relationship based on
similarities between two
concepts or ideas.

10. Simile
Involving the comparison of one thing
with another thing of a different kind,
used to make a description more
emphatic or vivid.

11. Simile
She is like a candy.
He runs like a cheetah
She walks gracefully as a cat.

12. Metaphor
When attempting to describe an image
or event, an author often will find it
useful to compare what she's describing
to another image or event.

13. Metaphor
He has a heart of gold.
Her home was a prison.
Your love is an ocean.

14. Personification
To add liveliness to a story, an author
will sometimes assign lifelike traits to
inanimate objects.

15. Personification
Fear knocked on the door.
My computer hates me.
Art is a jealous mistress.
Wind yells while blowing.

16. Alliteration
Alliteration is the repetition of the same
sound at the beginning of adjacent
words.

17. Alliteration
She sells sea-shells down by the sea-
shore.
Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled
Peppers

18. Paradox
A paradox is a statement that apparently
contradicts itself and yet might be true (or
wrong at the same time). Some logical
paradoxes are known to be invalid arguments
but are still valuable in promoting critical
thinking.

19. Paradox
You can save money by spending it.
I know one thing; that I know nothing.
This is the beginning of the end.

20. Idiom
An idiom is a phrase or a fixed
expression that has a figurative, or
sometimes literal, meaning. An
idiom's figurative meaning is
different from the literal meaning.

21. Idiom
A chip on your shoulder - means you
are holding a grudge
High as a kite - means you are drunk or
on drugs
Sick as a dog - means you are very ill
Out of the blue- means something
happens that was unexpected.