Reproductive system
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The document discusses several topics related to the female reproductive system: The three stages of labor and delivery - dilation, expulsion, and placental stages. The dilation stage involves cervical dilation until 10 cm. The expulsion stage is delivery of the baby. The placental stage involves expulsion of the placenta. Menopause typically occurs between ages 40-55 and marks the end of a woman's fertility. Symptoms include irregular periods and hot flashes. Hormone therapy can help alleviate symptoms. A total abdominal hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, which can be done through abdominal or vaginal incisions. Reasons for hyster
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This document discusses medical terminology related to women's health. It defines a hysterectomy as the surgical removal of the uterus, sometimes along with the fallopian tubes and ovaries. The three main types of hysterectomy are total, sub-total, and radical. Hysterectomies are performed for various reasons like cancer, fibroids, endometriosis, or heavy bleeding. The document also outlines the three stages of labor as dilation, expulsion of the baby, and delivery of the placenta. Finally, it defines menopause as the period when a woman's ovaries stop producing eggs and menstruation ends, bringing about various symptoms.
Menstrual Disorders
Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining if pregnancy does not occur, which is necessary to prevent hyperplasia. Abnormal uterine bleeding is defined as bleeding outside of normal parameters in terms of duration, flow amount, or frequency. The causes of abnormal uterine bleeding can be structural like fibroids or polyps, or non-structural like coagulation disorders or hormonal issues. Diagnosis involves history, exams, imaging, and testing, while management treats the underlying cause through hormonal therapy, surgery, or other procedures.
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This document summarizes key aspects of the female reproductive system. It describes a gynecologist as a physician who specializes in treating conditions of the female reproductive system, such as performing pelvic exams and prescribing contraception. It outlines the three stages of labor and delivery as dilation of the cervix, expulsion of the baby, and delivery of the placenta. It also explains that a total abdominal hysterectomy involves removing the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, often to treat or prevent the spread of cancer.
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The uterus is the organ in which the developing fetus resides. It is pear-shaped and located in the lower abdomen, held in place by muscles and tissues. The uterus nurtures the fertilized egg as it develops into an embryo and fetus until birth. The time required for fetal development is called gestation. Labor and delivery involves three stages - dilation of the cervix, expulsion of the baby through contractions, and delivery of the placenta afterwards.
Fertilisation
Fertilization occurs when an ovum and sperm unite in the fallopian tube. The fertilized egg then undergoes cell division as it travels to the uterus, developing from a morula to a blastocyst. The blastocyst implants in the uterine wall and the placenta begins to form, allowing nutrients to pass from mother to fetus. The placenta, umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid all work to support fetal development in the womb.
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The document summarizes key aspects of gynecology, the medical specialty focused on the female reproductive system. It discusses that gynecology diagnoses and treats abnormalities of the female reproductive organs. It also outlines the three stages of labor and delivery: dilation, expulsion, and placental stages. Finally, it notes that the fallopian tubes extend from the uterus and assist in transporting ova and sperm.
Physiology and causes of labour
Labour is defined as the process of expelling the products of conception from the uterus through the vagina. Normal labour meets specific criteria including spontaneous onset at term, vertex presentation, natural termination with minimal assistance, and no complications. Abnormal labour deviates from these criteria and risks maternal and fetal health. Labour is initiated by various mechanical, hormonal and neurological factors that trigger uterine contractions and cervical changes over time, eventually resulting in delivery.
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The document summarizes key aspects of the female reproductive system including gynecology, the three stages of labor and delivery, menopause, and related signs and symptoms. Gynecology involves the study of the female genital tract and disorders through examinations using a speculum. Labor involves three stages - dilation of the cervix, expulsion of the fetus, and delivery of the placenta. Menopause is when menstruation ceases due to reduced ovarian function, leading to changing hormone levels and various mood and body symptoms.
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Medical terminology
This document discusses medical terminology related to women's health. It defines a hysterectomy as the surgical removal of the uterus, sometimes along with the fallopian tubes and ovaries. The three main types of hysterectomy are total, sub-total, and radical. Hysterectomies are performed for various reasons like cancer, fibroids, endometriosis, or heavy bleeding. The document also outlines the three stages of labor as dilation, expulsion of the baby, and delivery of the placenta. Finally, it defines menopause as the period when a woman's ovaries stop producing eggs and menstruation ends, bringing about various symptoms.
Menstrual Disorders
Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining if pregnancy does not occur, which is necessary to prevent hyperplasia. Abnormal uterine bleeding is defined as bleeding outside of normal parameters in terms of duration, flow amount, or frequency. The causes of abnormal uterine bleeding can be structural like fibroids or polyps, or non-structural like coagulation disorders or hormonal issues. Diagnosis involves history, exams, imaging, and testing, while management treats the underlying cause through hormonal therapy, surgery, or other procedures.
reproductive system chapter 10
This document summarizes key aspects of the female reproductive system. It describes a gynecologist as a physician who specializes in treating conditions of the female reproductive system, such as performing pelvic exams and prescribing contraception. It outlines the three stages of labor and delivery as dilation of the cervix, expulsion of the baby, and delivery of the placenta. It also explains that a total abdominal hysterectomy involves removing the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, often to treat or prevent the spread of cancer.
Presentation #10 medical terminology
The uterus is the organ in which the developing fetus resides. It is pear-shaped and located in the lower abdomen, held in place by muscles and tissues. The uterus nurtures the fertilized egg as it develops into an embryo and fetus until birth. The time required for fetal development is called gestation. Labor and delivery involves three stages - dilation of the cervix, expulsion of the baby through contractions, and delivery of the placenta afterwards.
Fertilisation
Fertilization occurs when an ovum and sperm unite in the fallopian tube. The fertilized egg then undergoes cell division as it travels to the uterus, developing from a morula to a blastocyst. The blastocyst implants in the uterine wall and the placenta begins to form, allowing nutrients to pass from mother to fetus. The placenta, umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid all work to support fetal development in the womb.
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The document summarizes key aspects of gynecology, the medical specialty focused on the female reproductive system. It discusses that gynecology diagnoses and treats abnormalities of the female reproductive organs. It also outlines the three stages of labor and delivery: dilation, expulsion, and placental stages. Finally, it notes that the fallopian tubes extend from the uterus and assist in transporting ova and sperm.
Physiology and causes of labour
Labour is defined as the process of expelling the products of conception from the uterus through the vagina. Normal labour meets specific criteria including spontaneous onset at term, vertex presentation, natural termination with minimal assistance, and no complications. Abnormal labour deviates from these criteria and risks maternal and fetal health. Labour is initiated by various mechanical, hormonal and neurological factors that trigger uterine contractions and cervical changes over time, eventually resulting in delivery.
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The document summarizes key aspects of the female reproductive system including gynecology, the three stages of labor and delivery, menopause, and related signs and symptoms. Gynecology involves the study of the female genital tract and disorders through examinations using a speculum. Labor involves three stages - dilation of the cervix, expulsion of the fetus, and delivery of the placenta. Menopause is when menstruation ceases due to reduced ovarian function, leading to changing hormone levels and various mood and body symptoms.
Physiolosical changes during pregnancy
The document summarizes various physiological changes that occur in a woman's body during pregnancy. The reproductive system undergoes significant changes like increased vascularity of the vulva, vagina and cervix. The uterus enlarges dramatically from 50g to 900g at term. The cardiovascular system works harder with increased cardiac output and blood volume. Respiration is also impacted with increased oxygen demands. Common complaints include nausea, backaches, leg cramps and frequent urination. Hormone levels like HCG, estrogen, progesterone and prolactin rise substantially. Overall weight gain of 10-12kg occurs to support fetal growth and changes in maternal tissues.
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The document discusses uterine involution and subinvolution after pregnancy. During involution, the uterus reverts back to its non-pregnant size of 7.5cm in length and 60g in weight. Subinvolution occurs when this process is impaired or retarded. Risk factors for subinvolution include grand multiparity, over-distension of the uterus, maternal ill health, cesarean section, uterine fibroids, and retained products of conception or uterine sepsis. Symptoms of subinvolution can include abnormal or prolonged bleeding. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, such as antibiotics for endometritis, uterine exploration for retained products, or medications to enhance involution.
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This document provides information about female sexual anatomy and the menstrual cycle. It describes the external genitals including the vulva, clitoris, labia, and vaginal opening. It then discusses the internal reproductive organs such as the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It explains menstruation and how the ovaries and hormones regulate the menstrual cycle. The document also covers menstrual products and potential issues like toxic shock syndrome and premenstrual syndrome.
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Sign and symptoms of pregnancy
This document provides an overview of the signs and symptoms of pregnancy presented by Nidhi Maurya. It begins with objectives to define pregnancy and explain signs and symptoms in each trimester. Common early signs include missed period, nausea, frequent urination and breast changes. Objective signs assessed include uterine size and fetal heart sound detectable after 18 weeks. Signs in the second trimester include quickening and skin changes. Third trimester brings prominent fetal movement and engagement of the presenting part. Fundal height increases throughout pregnancy.
Dysmenorrhea
This document discusses dysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation. It defines dysmenorrhea and divides it into two categories: primary and secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea is caused by increased prostaglandin production during menstruation, while secondary dysmenorrhea has an underlying medical cause like endometriosis. Signs of dysmenorrhea include cramping pain as well as nausea and vomiting. Assessment involves patient history and physical exam, and treatment focuses on pain relief through NSAIDs, hormonal contraceptives, lifestyle changes, and relaxation techniques.
Stages of labour first and second
1. Labor is the process by which the viable products of conception are expelled from the uterus through the vagina. It involves uterine contractions and cervical dilation.
2. Nursing care during labor involves monitoring the patient, providing comfort measures, and preparing for delivery. The nurse assesses cervical dilation, fetal position, and signs of distress.
3. During the second stage of labor, nurses assist the patient in pushing effectively and maintaining an optimal birthing position. They provide encouragement and help the patient rest between contractions.
Physiological changes during pregnancy
Physiological changes during pregnancy can be extensive. The uterus grows dramatically in size and the cervix softens. The breasts enlarge and darken. Throughout pregnancy, the body retains more fluid and blood volume increases. Respiration increases to support higher oxygen needs. The heart works harder pumping more blood. The kidneys and liver increase in size. Many hormonal changes prepare the body for childbirth and nurturing a baby.
Pregnancy
The document describes the process of conception and early pregnancy development from fertilization through the first trimester. It explains that fertilization occurs if a sperm successfully penetrates and fertilizes an egg in the fallopian tubes. The fertilized egg then travels to the uterus, where it implants in the uterine wall. Early signs of pregnancy include a missed period and the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin that can be detected in urine or blood tests. The first trimester involves cell division and organ development as the embryo grows.
Menorrhagia
This document discusses menorrhagia, or abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding. It defines menorrhagia as menstrual flow over 80 ml per cycle and lists potential causes like hormone imbalances, fibroids, polyps, and medications. Signs include soaking through a pad every hour for several hours. Tests to diagnose the cause may include blood tests, ultrasounds, and biopsies. Treatment options range from iron supplements and NSAIDs to hormonal treatments, surgical procedures like endometrial ablation, and hysterectomy in severe cases.
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Diagnosis of pregnancy
This document summarizes the key physical changes that occur during pregnancy across three trimesters. In the first trimester, women experience symptoms like amenorrhea, morning sickness, and breast tenderness. The uterus grows from the size of a hen's egg at 6 weeks to a cricket ball by 8 weeks. In the second trimester, quickening often occurs around 18 weeks, and the fundus rises out of the pelvis. Braxton Hicks contractions begin. In the third trimester, the uterus is cylindrical, lightening may happen, and striae become prominent. Fetal assessment includes position, presentation and growth monitoring.
NORMAL LABOUR
Normal labour is defined as delivery of a single baby by vertex presentation through the vagina at term, with spontaneous onset and completion within 24 hours, leaving a healthy mother and baby. Labour is caused by hormonal and mechanical factors that lead to cervical dilation and descent and rotation of the fetal head through the birth canal in four stages. The first stage involves cervical dilation. The second stage is the birth of the baby. The third stage is delivery of the placenta, and the fourth involves recovery of the mother. A series of movements including engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, and extension help the fetal head navigate the birth canal.
Breastfeeding and Nursing
The document discusses breastfeeding, including its benefits for both mother and baby. It recommends exclusive breastfeeding for six months, then continuing while introducing other foods for up to two years or longer. Breast milk provides optimal nutrition for newborns and protects against disease. The document outlines proper breastfeeding techniques and potential issues for mothers and babies, as well as dietary guidelines to support breastfeeding.
006 management of the third stage of labor
The third stage of labor involves the period from delivery of the baby to delivery of the placenta. It normally takes 5-10 minutes and is divided into four phases: latent phase, contraction phase, detachment phase, and expulsion phase. The major risk is postpartum hemorrhage. Active management, including a uterotonic drug before delivery of the placenta and controlled cord traction, reduces blood loss and risk of retained placenta compared to expectant management. Complete placental separation is confirmed when the cord stops pulsing and cannot be pulled into the uterus.
Peurperium
The document summarizes the physiological changes that occur during the puerperium period, which is the first 6 weeks following delivery. Key changes include the reversal of pregnancy-related changes and the return of the reproductive organs to a non-pregnant state through involution. This involves a decrease in the size of the uterus as well as changes to the cervix, vagina, and perineum. Common complications during this period include postpartum hemorrhage, puerperal pyrexia or infection, urinary issues, and psychiatric problems such as postpartum depression. The woman's body undergoes a transition in this time as it returns to its pre-pregnancy condition.
Reproductive system
The three stages of labor and delivery are:
1) The dilation stage where the cervix thins and expands as uterine contractions push the fetus against it.
2) The expulsion stage where the baby is delivered as the head appears at the opening and the body is pushed out.
3) The placental stage where uterine contractions continue to push out the placenta after delivery.
Mid cycle pain
to download this presentation from this link
https://mohmmed-ink.blogspot.com/2020/12/mittelschmerz-middle-pain.html
Labour and delivery
Labor and delivery involves three stages:
1) The first stage begins with contractions and ends with full cervical dilation. It includes early latent and active phases of dilation.
2) The second stage begins at full dilation and ends with baby's delivery. It involves baby's descent and delivery.
3) The third stage begins after delivery and ends with placenta delivery, usually within 30 minutes but sometimes requiring intervention.
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The document summarizes various physiological changes that occur in a woman's body during pregnancy. The reproductive system undergoes significant changes like increased vascularity of the vulva, vagina and cervix. The uterus enlarges dramatically from 50g to 900g at term. The cardiovascular system works harder with increased cardiac output and blood volume. Respiration is also impacted with increased oxygen demands. Common complaints include nausea, backaches, leg cramps and frequent urination. Hormone levels like HCG, estrogen, progesterone and prolactin rise substantially. Overall weight gain of 10-12kg occurs to support fetal growth and changes in maternal tissues.
Casarean section
what is the C-Section or Casarean delivery
Why does it done?
what are the risk and complications
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how to care of the mother after she back home?
Subinvolution of the uterus
The document discusses uterine involution and subinvolution after pregnancy. During involution, the uterus reverts back to its non-pregnant size of 7.5cm in length and 60g in weight. Subinvolution occurs when this process is impaired or retarded. Risk factors for subinvolution include grand multiparity, over-distension of the uterus, maternal ill health, cesarean section, uterine fibroids, and retained products of conception or uterine sepsis. Symptoms of subinvolution can include abnormal or prolonged bleeding. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, such as antibiotics for endometritis, uterine exploration for retained products, or medications to enhance involution.
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This document provides information about female sexual anatomy and the menstrual cycle. It describes the external genitals including the vulva, clitoris, labia, and vaginal opening. It then discusses the internal reproductive organs such as the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It explains menstruation and how the ovaries and hormones regulate the menstrual cycle. The document also covers menstrual products and potential issues like toxic shock syndrome and premenstrual syndrome.
Placental Abnormalities and Hemorrhagic Complications
What is the normal placenta
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Diagnosis Of Pregnancy
Early pregnancy detection is important for prenatal care and health of the pregnancy. Pregnancy can be diagnosed through physical examination, laboratory tests, and ultrasonography. Laboratory tests detect human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in blood or urine, with urine home pregnancy tests being inexpensive and easy to use. Ultrasound is also used to visualize gestational structures and fetal development once hCG levels reach certain thresholds.
Sign and symptoms of pregnancy
This document provides an overview of the signs and symptoms of pregnancy presented by Nidhi Maurya. It begins with objectives to define pregnancy and explain signs and symptoms in each trimester. Common early signs include missed period, nausea, frequent urination and breast changes. Objective signs assessed include uterine size and fetal heart sound detectable after 18 weeks. Signs in the second trimester include quickening and skin changes. Third trimester brings prominent fetal movement and engagement of the presenting part. Fundal height increases throughout pregnancy.
Dysmenorrhea
This document discusses dysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation. It defines dysmenorrhea and divides it into two categories: primary and secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea is caused by increased prostaglandin production during menstruation, while secondary dysmenorrhea has an underlying medical cause like endometriosis. Signs of dysmenorrhea include cramping pain as well as nausea and vomiting. Assessment involves patient history and physical exam, and treatment focuses on pain relief through NSAIDs, hormonal contraceptives, lifestyle changes, and relaxation techniques.
Stages of labour first and second
1. Labor is the process by which the viable products of conception are expelled from the uterus through the vagina. It involves uterine contractions and cervical dilation.
2. Nursing care during labor involves monitoring the patient, providing comfort measures, and preparing for delivery. The nurse assesses cervical dilation, fetal position, and signs of distress.
3. During the second stage of labor, nurses assist the patient in pushing effectively and maintaining an optimal birthing position. They provide encouragement and help the patient rest between contractions.
Physiological changes during pregnancy
Physiological changes during pregnancy can be extensive. The uterus grows dramatically in size and the cervix softens. The breasts enlarge and darken. Throughout pregnancy, the body retains more fluid and blood volume increases. Respiration increases to support higher oxygen needs. The heart works harder pumping more blood. The kidneys and liver increase in size. Many hormonal changes prepare the body for childbirth and nurturing a baby.
Pregnancy
The document describes the process of conception and early pregnancy development from fertilization through the first trimester. It explains that fertilization occurs if a sperm successfully penetrates and fertilizes an egg in the fallopian tubes. The fertilized egg then travels to the uterus, where it implants in the uterine wall. Early signs of pregnancy include a missed period and the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin that can be detected in urine or blood tests. The first trimester involves cell division and organ development as the embryo grows.
Menorrhagia
This document discusses menorrhagia, or abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding. It defines menorrhagia as menstrual flow over 80 ml per cycle and lists potential causes like hormone imbalances, fibroids, polyps, and medications. Signs include soaking through a pad every hour for several hours. Tests to diagnose the cause may include blood tests, ultrasounds, and biopsies. Treatment options range from iron supplements and NSAIDs to hormonal treatments, surgical procedures like endometrial ablation, and hysterectomy in severe cases.
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Diagnosis of pregnancy
This document summarizes the key physical changes that occur during pregnancy across three trimesters. In the first trimester, women experience symptoms like amenorrhea, morning sickness, and breast tenderness. The uterus grows from the size of a hen's egg at 6 weeks to a cricket ball by 8 weeks. In the second trimester, quickening often occurs around 18 weeks, and the fundus rises out of the pelvis. Braxton Hicks contractions begin. In the third trimester, the uterus is cylindrical, lightening may happen, and striae become prominent. Fetal assessment includes position, presentation and growth monitoring.
NORMAL LABOUR
Normal labour is defined as delivery of a single baby by vertex presentation through the vagina at term, with spontaneous onset and completion within 24 hours, leaving a healthy mother and baby. Labour is caused by hormonal and mechanical factors that lead to cervical dilation and descent and rotation of the fetal head through the birth canal in four stages. The first stage involves cervical dilation. The second stage is the birth of the baby. The third stage is delivery of the placenta, and the fourth involves recovery of the mother. A series of movements including engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, and extension help the fetal head navigate the birth canal.
Breastfeeding and Nursing
The document discusses breastfeeding, including its benefits for both mother and baby. It recommends exclusive breastfeeding for six months, then continuing while introducing other foods for up to two years or longer. Breast milk provides optimal nutrition for newborns and protects against disease. The document outlines proper breastfeeding techniques and potential issues for mothers and babies, as well as dietary guidelines to support breastfeeding.
006 management of the third stage of labor
The third stage of labor involves the period from delivery of the baby to delivery of the placenta. It normally takes 5-10 minutes and is divided into four phases: latent phase, contraction phase, detachment phase, and expulsion phase. The major risk is postpartum hemorrhage. Active management, including a uterotonic drug before delivery of the placenta and controlled cord traction, reduces blood loss and risk of retained placenta compared to expectant management. Complete placental separation is confirmed when the cord stops pulsing and cannot be pulled into the uterus.
Peurperium
The document summarizes the physiological changes that occur during the puerperium period, which is the first 6 weeks following delivery. Key changes include the reversal of pregnancy-related changes and the return of the reproductive organs to a non-pregnant state through involution. This involves a decrease in the size of the uterus as well as changes to the cervix, vagina, and perineum. Common complications during this period include postpartum hemorrhage, puerperal pyrexia or infection, urinary issues, and psychiatric problems such as postpartum depression. The woman's body undergoes a transition in this time as it returns to its pre-pregnancy condition.
Reproductive system
The three stages of labor and delivery are:
1) The dilation stage where the cervix thins and expands as uterine contractions push the fetus against it.
2) The expulsion stage where the baby is delivered as the head appears at the opening and the body is pushed out.
3) The placental stage where uterine contractions continue to push out the placenta after delivery.
Mid cycle pain
to download this presentation from this link
https://mohmmed-ink.blogspot.com/2020/12/mittelschmerz-middle-pain.html
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The document summarizes key aspects of the uterus, gestation, and childbirth process. It describes the anatomy and functions of the uterus, common uterine conditions, and stages of pregnancy including the three trimesters. It then explains the three stages of labor: dilation where the cervix effaces and dilates; expulsion where contractions push the baby through the birth canal; and placental where the placenta is delivered after birth. Understanding these stages is important for determining gestational age and developing medical treatment plans.
Uterus_KLewis
The uterus is a pear-shaped muscular organ located in the female pelvis between the bladder and rectum that accommodates and nourishes an embryo during pregnancy. It has thick muscular walls and contains the cervix, which protrudes into the vaginal canal. The Fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus. When an egg is fertilized, it implants in the uterine wall and develops into an embryo and fetus. Common uterine conditions include fibroids, endometriosis, and heavy bleeding. Treatment options depend on the condition but may include medication, surgery such as hysterectomy or myomectomy, or watchful waiting.
Cervical erison
Cervical ectropion is a common condition caused by hormonal changes that results in cells normally found inside the cervix appearing on the outside of the cervix. It can cause symptoms like bleeding or discharge but is not harmful. While cervical ectropion may require treatment if symptoms are severe, it usually resolves on its own without intervention by stopping oral contraceptives or resolving hormonal changes during pregnancy. Treatment options include cryotherapy or electrocautery to remove the ectopic cells. Routine cervical screening should continue to monitor for any abnormal cell changes.
Presenation 5
The document discusses key terms related to the female reproductive system. It defines terms like gynecologist, the three stages of labor and delivery, gestation, menopause, egg, endometrium, uterus, fallopian tubes, and hysterectomy. Specifically, it notes that a gynecologist specializes in treating women, labor has dilation, expulsion, and placenta stages, and a hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus, cervix, ovaries and fallopian tubes.
Female reproductive system
The document discusses the female reproductive system and the role of gynecologists. It describes that gynecologists specialize in treating conditions of the female reproductive system. They must complete extensive education and training including a bachelor's degree, medical degree, residency, and board certification. Gynecologists examine and treat issues related to the reproductive system, provide procedures like pap smears and hysterectomies, and may specialize in obstetrics to provide pregnancy care. The document also outlines the three stages of labor and delivery: dilation, expulsion, and placental stages. It provides details about each stage. Finally, it describes that a TAH-BSO surgery involves the complete removal of the uterus, cerv
Ch 10 powerpoint
A gynecologist specializes in treating diseases of the female reproductive organs. An OB/GYN is a physician who both delivers babies and treats diseases of the female reproductive organs. Reasons for visiting an OB/GYN include annual Pap smears and cancer screenings, STI checks, pregnancy planning, and treatment of reproductive disorders. The three stages of labor and delivery are dilation of the cervix, expulsion of the baby, and delivery of the placenta. Total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy refers to the removal of the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and uterine tubes through an abdominal incision, and is one of the longest terms used in medical terminology.
Uterine prolapse
Uterine prolapse occurs when weakened or damaged muscles and connective tissues such as ligaments allow the uterus to drop into the vagina. Common causes include pregnancy, childbirth, hormonal changes after menopause, obesity, severe coughing and straining on the toilet.
Ectopic pregnancy
This presentation is brief regarding ectopic pregnancy( pregnancy results from gestation elsewhere than in Uterus) which is quite abnormal.
Presentation also contains the Risk factors, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Uterine prolapse
Uterine prolapse
Risk factors
Causes
- Pathophysiology
Signs and symptoms
- Diagnostic measures
- Treatment measures
- Complication
- Nursing management
- Preventive measures
abortion ...pptx
The document defines abortion and discusses its classification, incidence, etiology, and management. It notes that abortion is the expulsion of an embryo or fetus weighing 500 grams or less before 22 weeks of gestation. Abortions are classified as spontaneous, threatened, inevitable, complete, incomplete, missed, or septic. The incidence of abortion in India is estimated at 10-20% of pregnancies. Complications of abortion include hemorrhage, infection, and future obstetric or gynecological issues. The role of nurses is to assess for complications, provide support and education, and monitor for issues like shock.
Labour and its stages
Series of events that takes place in the genital organ in an effort to expel the viable products of conception out of the womb through the vagina into the outer world is called labour.
there are four stages of labour.
Chapter 10 Presentation - Veronica Martinez
The document provides an overview of the female reproductive system and the process of labor and delivery. It defines key terms like menopause, uterus, dilation, expulsion, and placental. It then discusses menopause in more detail, including what causes it and common symptoms. It also describes the role of the uterus in housing the developing fetus. Finally, it outlines the three stages of labor - dilation of the cervix in stage one, delivery of the baby in stage two, and delivery of the placenta in stage three.
Uterine prolapse
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Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
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Reproductive system
- 1. Reproductive System By: Nadia Hernandez
- 2. The Three Stages of Labor and Delivery are theโฆ The first stage is referred to as the dilation stage. This is when the uterine muscle contracts strongly to expel the fetus. During this process the fetus presses on the cervix and causes it to dilate or expand. As the cervix dilates, it also becomes thinner, also known as effacement. Once the cervix is completely dilated to 10 centimeters, the next stage is ready to begin.
- 4. Expulsion Stage The second stage of labor is the expulsion stage. Normally, the head of the baby will appear first, referred to as crowning. In some cases the babyโs buttocks will appear first, this is known as breech presentation. This stage results in the delivery of the baby.
- 6. Placental Stage The last stage of labor is the placental stage. Immediately after delivering the child, the uterus continues to contract, causing the placenta to be expelled through the vagina.
- 8. Menopause The cessation of menstruation is called menopause. This natural biological process usually occurs in women between the ages of 40 and 55. Menopause also indicates the end of fertility for a female. A woman has not officially said to have gone through menopause until it has been one year since her last menstruation. Some signs and symptoms include: Irregular periods Decreased fertility Vaginal dryness Hot flashes Sleep disturbances Mood swings Increased abdominal fat Thinning hair Loss of breast fullness
- 9. Treatments for Menopause There are not really any treatments for menopause itself. However there can be medications prescribed to alleviate the signs and symptoms. The method most used is hormone therapy. Hormone therapy, or estrogen therapy is used to help lessen the hot flashes, which are the main complaint females have during menopause.
- 10. Total Abdominal Hysterectomy One of the longest terms used in medical terminology refers to the removal of the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. The term is total abdominal hysterectomy or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. They can be removed by an incision in the abdomen, or through an incision in the vagina.
- 11. Reasons to get a Hysterectomy Gynecologic cancer. Fibroids. Endometriosis. Uterine prolapse. Persistent vaginal bleeding. Chronic pelvic pain.
- 12. Risks Blood clots Infection Excessive bleeding Adverse reaction to anesthesia Damage to your urinary tract, bladder, rectum or other pelvic structures during surgery, which may require further surgical repair Early onset of menopause Rarely, death
- 13. Post-Hysterectomy After the hysterectomy the female will no longer have menstrual periods, and therefore will not be able to bare children. The female will most likely feel complete relief from the symptoms and reasons she needed the procedure in the first place.
- 14. References Medical Terminology. A Living Language. Fourth Edition. Bonnie F. Fremgen & Suzanne S. Frucht. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hysterectomy www.google.com/stagesoflaboranddelivery