The document summarizes key aspects of gynecology, the medical specialty focused on the female reproductive system. It discusses that gynecology diagnoses and treats abnormalities of the female reproductive organs. It also outlines the three stages of labor and delivery: dilation, expulsion, and placental stages. Finally, it notes that the fallopian tubes extend from the uterus and assist in transporting ova and sperm.

1. Chapter 10 Slide Presentation
Dan Dwyer
Abdullah/BIO-120

2. The Study of the female
reproductive system is the medical
specialty of
Gynecology
• The word Gynecology is derived from ancient
Greece-gynemeans woman in Greek, ology
means the study of.

3. 1. Specifically, Gynecology is practiced
to diagnose and treat abnormal
conditions of the female reproductive
system

4. Examples of abnormalities of the
female reproductive system are:
• Cancer
• Incontinence of urine
• Amenorrhoea-the absence of menstrual periods
• Dysmenorrhoea-menstrual periods that cause
pain
• Infertility
• Menorrhagia-heavy menstrual periods
• Infections of the vagina, cervix and uterus

5. The organs and structures
studied in Gynecology
Ovaries
Oviducts
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Vulva
Breasts

6. 2. The three stages of labor and
delivery are:
• Dilation Stage-The 1st stage. The uterine muscle
powerfully contracts to push the fetus out of the
uterus and vagina
• Expulsion Stage-The 2nd stage. The cervix dilates
or expands due to the pressure of the fetus being
pushed out in dilation stage. When the cervix is
dilated to 10 cm the expulsion of the baby (birth)
begins
• Placental Stage-The 3rd stage. After childbirth the
uterus continues retracting which then causes the
placenta to be expelled through the vagina.

7. Visual representation of the 3 stages of
delivery

8. Terms and conditions of the 3 stages of
delivery
• Breech presentation-Condition where, during
delivery, the babies buttocks will appear first
instead of the head.
• Labor-The actual process of expelling the fetus
from the uterus and through the vagina
• Effacement-Condition of when the cervix thins
during dilation.
• Crowning-When the head, which is usually
what appears first, is visible.

9. 3. The tubes that extend from the
outer edges of the uterus and assist in
transporting the ova and sperm are
called uterine tubes a.k.a. fallopian
tubes

10. Fallopian tubes (uterine, oviducts):
• Approximately 5.5 inches long
• Go from around ovary to either side of the upper
portion of the uterus
• Have finger-like projections called fimbrae, which
catch the ovum leading it into the tube.
• The ovum then is ushered into the uterus where
it implants itself.
• Normally fertilization of the ovum by a sperm
occurs in the upper one half of a fallopian tube.