This document provides an overview and analysis of the cold chain logistics sector. It discusses what cold chain logistics is, the history and key breakthroughs in the sector, global and Indian scenarios, value parameters and users. The history section outlines important developments from the 1800s to present day, including early uses of ice for food preservation, innovations in refrigerated transportation, and modern temperature-controlled supply chains. The global section presents facts on cold chain usage and standards in food and pharmaceutical industries worldwide.
Maintaining end-to-end cold chain integrity is a critical focus for all cold storage operations as much of their inventory is consumed directly by end customers. If any instance of impropriety throughout the supply chain occurs it could lead to widespread sickness or death. On average, 10% of all pharmaceutical inventory is temperature controlled and a significantly larger portion of food products are also temperature controlled. Any contamination could result in thousands or even millions of dollars in inventory loss, logistics costs and settlement fees. Preventing inventory contamination in the cold chain has increased in complexity as the supply chain has globalized. A larger portion of temperature regulated goods are crossing international borders creating both regulatory challenges as well more opportunities for failure and/or complication before goods reach their final destination. Some of the most notable regulations impacting the cold chain are the Sanitary Food Transportation Act, Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) and EU Good Distribution Practices. These pieces of legislation impact all key supply chain players including those that manufacture, store, transport and sell refrigerated and frozen products. Much of this legislation closely regulates the tracking and storage of handling and temperature related inventory data.
In an effort to solve cold chain challenges related to temperature maintenance, monitoring and recording supply chain operators handling temperature regulated inventory have begun to implement some successful industry best practices. Inventory pre-cooling has proven successful in reducing the wear and tear on refrigeration equipment and helps to guarantee temperature consistency from the time it is loaded until it is unloaded. Many cold chain businesses have also installed trailer condition monitoring systems that monitor temperature conditions in real time and send alerts if any unacceptable temperature variations are encountered. Packaging optimization has also proven useful in extending shelf life and improving product condition. In addition to monitoring trailer conditions, cold chain operators are also implementing inventory temperature monitoring technologies to track inventory status on a piece by piece or pallet by pallet basis. Retailers have also been encouraged to develop standard operating procedures (SOPs) for receiving to ensure only inventory of the highest quality ends up on their shelves and in consumer hands. With capacity increasing and the supply chain growing globally it is more critical than ever that the cold chain implement these best practices in order to keep consumers safe.
Cold Chain, Temperature Controlled Supply Chain: Cold Chain Supports the Supply Chain (Cold Chain, Warehouse, Cold Storage and Reefers)
The cold chain refers to the management of the temperature of perishable products in order to maintain quality and safety from the point of slaughter or harvest through the distribution chain to the final consumer.
The cold chain ensures that perishable products are safe and of a high quality at the point of consumption. Failing to keep product at the correct temperatures can result in a variety of negative attributes including, among others, textural degradation, discoloring, bruising and microbial growth.
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Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Cold Chain for Beginners, Cold Chain Projects, Cold Chain Equipment, Guidelines for Maintaining and Managing Vaccine Cold Chain, Cold Chain, Guide to Cold Chain for Beginners, Cold Chain Management, Cold Chain Industry, Vaccine Storage & Handling, India Cold Chain Opportunity, Supply Chain Management, Cold Chain Storage, Temperature Controlled Supply Chains, Controlled Temperature Chain, Cold Chain Storage, Cold Chain Management in Food Industry, Cool & Cold Chain, Cold Chain Distribution, Cold Chain & Temperature Management, Controlling Cold Chain, Cold Chain Packaging, Cold Chain Packaging and Temperature Controlled, Maintaining Cold Chain, Indian Cold Chain, Cold Chain Industry in India, Cold Chain Business in India, Cold Storage, Temperature Controls, Temperature Controlled Supply Chain Projects, Cold Chain Packaging Logistics, Managing Cold Chain Distribution, Temperature Controlled Logistics, Temperature Controlled Storage & Distribution, Cold Chain Management In Food Industry, Cold Chain Pharmaceutical Products, Cold Chain Logistics Management, Cold Chain Monitoring, Supply Chain Monitoring, Supply Chain and Logistics, Cold Chain & Product Handling, Cold Chain Storage & Cold Chain Logistics in India, Temperature Controlled Packaging, Controlled Temperature Chain, Cold Chain Packaging, Cold Supply Chain, Cold Chain Transportation in India, Food Supply Chain Management, Purpose of Cold Chain, Cold Chain Storing and Transportation, Logistics and Cold Chain Management Unit, Procedure for Maintaining Cold Chain, Guidelines for Maintaining Cold Chain, Cold Chain Guidelines, Refrigerated and Portable Cold Storage Reefer, Reefer & Cold Storage, Reefer, Warehouse, Reefer Containers, Reefer Cold Storage, Refrigerated Containers, Cold Storage Refrigerated Container, Cold Storage and Reefer Containers, Cold Storage and Reefer Transportation, Refrigerated or Cold Storage Unit
India is an agricultural-based economy and is the largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world. Fruits & vegetables, being perishable in nature require certain techniques of preservation for retaining the quality and extend the self-life of the production. The estimated annual production of fruits and vegetables in the country is about 130 million tonnes. The cold storage & cold chain facilities are the prime infrastructural component for such perishable commodities.
Cold storage is a temperature – controlled supply chain network, with storage and distribution activities carried out in a manner such that the temperature of a product is maintained in a specified range, needed to keep it fresh and edible for a much longer period than in normal ambient conditions.
Tags
Are you planning to set up Potato Cold Storage, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business Plan - Cold Store Storage Cold storage, Business Planning Cold Storage & Warehouse, Business Planning for a Cold Storage Facility, Cold room, cold storage (controlled atmosphere or ca) for potato, cold storage business, cold storage business model, cold storage business opportunity, cold storage business plan ppt, Cold Storage Consultant, cold storage cost of construction, cold storage for plantation and horticulture produce, cold storage industry trends, cold storage investment cost, cold storage profit and loss, cold storage project cost in India, Cold Storage Scheme, Cold Storage Unit for Fresh Onions, Cold Storage unit Projects, cold storage warehouse construction cost, Cold Storage: Hot Investment, Cold Storages and Controlled Atmosphere Storages, Cold truth of storage units, Complete Cold storage plant machinery, Construction of Cold Storage, Excellent opportunity in investing in 'cold-storages', Frozen Food Technology, How to Start a Cold Storage Business: Startup Business, How to start a warehouse and cold storage, How to Start Cold Storage Industry in India, is cold storage a profitable business in India, Most Profitable Cold Storage Business Ideas, Niir, NPCS, Onion Cold Storage, Perspectives on cold storage investment opportunities, Popular Cold Storage Book, Process technology books, profit in cold storage business in India, Project consultancy, Project consultant, Small-scale Cold Storage for Fruit and Vegetables in India, Start Your Own Cold Storage Unit, Starting a Cold Storage Business, Starting a Cold Storage Warehouses Business, Steps to Start Up a Freezer Warehouse, Process technology book on cold storage, cold storage book
Maintaining end-to-end cold chain integrity is a critical focus for all cold storage operations as much of their inventory is consumed directly by end customers. If any instance of impropriety throughout the supply chain occurs it could lead to widespread sickness or death. On average, 10% of all pharmaceutical inventory is temperature controlled and a significantly larger portion of food products are also temperature controlled. Any contamination could result in thousands or even millions of dollars in inventory loss, logistics costs and settlement fees. Preventing inventory contamination in the cold chain has increased in complexity as the supply chain has globalized. A larger portion of temperature regulated goods are crossing international borders creating both regulatory challenges as well more opportunities for failure and/or complication before goods reach their final destination. Some of the most notable regulations impacting the cold chain are the Sanitary Food Transportation Act, Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) and EU Good Distribution Practices. These pieces of legislation impact all key supply chain players including those that manufacture, store, transport and sell refrigerated and frozen products. Much of this legislation closely regulates the tracking and storage of handling and temperature related inventory data.
In an effort to solve cold chain challenges related to temperature maintenance, monitoring and recording supply chain operators handling temperature regulated inventory have begun to implement some successful industry best practices. Inventory pre-cooling has proven successful in reducing the wear and tear on refrigeration equipment and helps to guarantee temperature consistency from the time it is loaded until it is unloaded. Many cold chain businesses have also installed trailer condition monitoring systems that monitor temperature conditions in real time and send alerts if any unacceptable temperature variations are encountered. Packaging optimization has also proven useful in extending shelf life and improving product condition. In addition to monitoring trailer conditions, cold chain operators are also implementing inventory temperature monitoring technologies to track inventory status on a piece by piece or pallet by pallet basis. Retailers have also been encouraged to develop standard operating procedures (SOPs) for receiving to ensure only inventory of the highest quality ends up on their shelves and in consumer hands. With capacity increasing and the supply chain growing globally it is more critical than ever that the cold chain implement these best practices in order to keep consumers safe.
Cold Chain, Temperature Controlled Supply Chain: Cold Chain Supports the Supply Chain (Cold Chain, Warehouse, Cold Storage and Reefers)
The cold chain refers to the management of the temperature of perishable products in order to maintain quality and safety from the point of slaughter or harvest through the distribution chain to the final consumer.
The cold chain ensures that perishable products are safe and of a high quality at the point of consumption. Failing to keep product at the correct temperatures can result in a variety of negative attributes including, among others, textural degradation, discoloring, bruising and microbial growth.
See more
https://goo.gl/VFexkF
https://goo.gl/Lbeh6W
https://goo.gl/ZJW5KC
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Cold Chain for Beginners, Cold Chain Projects, Cold Chain Equipment, Guidelines for Maintaining and Managing Vaccine Cold Chain, Cold Chain, Guide to Cold Chain for Beginners, Cold Chain Management, Cold Chain Industry, Vaccine Storage & Handling, India Cold Chain Opportunity, Supply Chain Management, Cold Chain Storage, Temperature Controlled Supply Chains, Controlled Temperature Chain, Cold Chain Storage, Cold Chain Management in Food Industry, Cool & Cold Chain, Cold Chain Distribution, Cold Chain & Temperature Management, Controlling Cold Chain, Cold Chain Packaging, Cold Chain Packaging and Temperature Controlled, Maintaining Cold Chain, Indian Cold Chain, Cold Chain Industry in India, Cold Chain Business in India, Cold Storage, Temperature Controls, Temperature Controlled Supply Chain Projects, Cold Chain Packaging Logistics, Managing Cold Chain Distribution, Temperature Controlled Logistics, Temperature Controlled Storage & Distribution, Cold Chain Management In Food Industry, Cold Chain Pharmaceutical Products, Cold Chain Logistics Management, Cold Chain Monitoring, Supply Chain Monitoring, Supply Chain and Logistics, Cold Chain & Product Handling, Cold Chain Storage & Cold Chain Logistics in India, Temperature Controlled Packaging, Controlled Temperature Chain, Cold Chain Packaging, Cold Supply Chain, Cold Chain Transportation in India, Food Supply Chain Management, Purpose of Cold Chain, Cold Chain Storing and Transportation, Logistics and Cold Chain Management Unit, Procedure for Maintaining Cold Chain, Guidelines for Maintaining Cold Chain, Cold Chain Guidelines, Refrigerated and Portable Cold Storage Reefer, Reefer & Cold Storage, Reefer, Warehouse, Reefer Containers, Reefer Cold Storage, Refrigerated Containers, Cold Storage Refrigerated Container, Cold Storage and Reefer Containers, Cold Storage and Reefer Transportation, Refrigerated or Cold Storage Unit
India is an agricultural-based economy and is the largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world. Fruits & vegetables, being perishable in nature require certain techniques of preservation for retaining the quality and extend the self-life of the production. The estimated annual production of fruits and vegetables in the country is about 130 million tonnes. The cold storage & cold chain facilities are the prime infrastructural component for such perishable commodities.
Cold storage is a temperature – controlled supply chain network, with storage and distribution activities carried out in a manner such that the temperature of a product is maintained in a specified range, needed to keep it fresh and edible for a much longer period than in normal ambient conditions.
Tags
Are you planning to set up Potato Cold Storage, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business Plan - Cold Store Storage Cold storage, Business Planning Cold Storage & Warehouse, Business Planning for a Cold Storage Facility, Cold room, cold storage (controlled atmosphere or ca) for potato, cold storage business, cold storage business model, cold storage business opportunity, cold storage business plan ppt, Cold Storage Consultant, cold storage cost of construction, cold storage for plantation and horticulture produce, cold storage industry trends, cold storage investment cost, cold storage profit and loss, cold storage project cost in India, Cold Storage Scheme, Cold Storage Unit for Fresh Onions, Cold Storage unit Projects, cold storage warehouse construction cost, Cold Storage: Hot Investment, Cold Storages and Controlled Atmosphere Storages, Cold truth of storage units, Complete Cold storage plant machinery, Construction of Cold Storage, Excellent opportunity in investing in 'cold-storages', Frozen Food Technology, How to Start a Cold Storage Business: Startup Business, How to start a warehouse and cold storage, How to Start Cold Storage Industry in India, is cold storage a profitable business in India, Most Profitable Cold Storage Business Ideas, Niir, NPCS, Onion Cold Storage, Perspectives on cold storage investment opportunities, Popular Cold Storage Book, Process technology books, profit in cold storage business in India, Project consultancy, Project consultant, Small-scale Cold Storage for Fruit and Vegetables in India, Start Your Own Cold Storage Unit, Starting a Cold Storage Business, Starting a Cold Storage Warehouses Business, Steps to Start Up a Freezer Warehouse, Process technology book on cold storage, cold storage book
Logistics management is the part of supply chain management that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward, and reverse flow and storage of goods, services, and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customer's requirements
WAREHOUSING AND STORAGE IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENTAjeesh Mk
This Presentation "Warehousing and storage in supply chain management" covers topics Warehouse and Storage, Warehouse Management, Functions, Economic and Service Benefit, Principles of Warehouse design, Kinds of Warehouse etc.
A brief overview of logistics management covering the following: the aim of logistics, components of logistics, major functions of logistics and the phases of logistics management.
Logistics management is the part of supply chain management that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward, and reverse flow and storage of goods, services, and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customer's requirements
WAREHOUSING AND STORAGE IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENTAjeesh Mk
This Presentation "Warehousing and storage in supply chain management" covers topics Warehouse and Storage, Warehouse Management, Functions, Economic and Service Benefit, Principles of Warehouse design, Kinds of Warehouse etc.
A brief overview of logistics management covering the following: the aim of logistics, components of logistics, major functions of logistics and the phases of logistics management.
Private Sector Investment in Market-Supporting Institutions: The case of the ...Gcazo14
Dr. Domenico Dentoni, Dr. Liesbeth Dries - Wageningen University
Presentation held at the American Agricultural Economics Association Meeting, July 27th, 2015
Market Research Report : Cold chain market in india 2014 - SampleNetscribes, Inc.
For the complete report, get in touch with us at: info@netscribes.com
Abstract :
India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world. Due to lack of adequate cold storage facilities, more than INR 100 bn worth of fresh produce is wasted every year in the country. In absence of improvements in the area of cold chain infrastructure, food wastage problem is likely to grow furthermore. More modern facilities along with planned establishment between the point of production and market can help India improve the situation, helping it lower wastage and increase profitability.
Netscribes’ latest market research report titled Cold Chain Market in India 2014 illuminates the dynamics in the domestic cold storage and chain operations. Growth in organized retail and the food processing sector drives the cold chain market in India. Further shift towards horticultural crops by farmers to evade risk boosts the demand for cold chain. Rising demand for cold storage in pharmaceutical sector is also driving the growth in cold chain market.
Table of Contents :
Slide 1: Executive Summary
Macroeconomic Indicators
Slide 2: GDP at Factor Cost: Quarterly (2011-12 – 2014-15), Inflation Rate: Monthly (Jul 2013 – Dec 2013)
Slide 3: Gross Fiscal Deficit: Monthly (Feb 2013 – Jul 2013), Exchange Rate: Half Yearly (Apr 2014 – Sep 2014)
Slide 4: Lending Rate: Annual (2011-12 – 2014-15), Trade Balance: Annual (2010-11 – 2013-14), FDI: Annual (2009-10 – 2012-13)
Introduction
Slide 5-11: Cold Chain – Overview, Cold Storage Classification, Cold Chain Logistics Services, Impact of Cold Chain on Shelf Life, Developments in Refrigeration Systems in Cold Storage, Energy-efficient Refrigeration for Food Storage,
Market Overview
Slide 12-15: Market Overview – Global, Market Overview – India, Refrigerated Transport Market
Government Initiatives
Slide 16-19: Fiscal Incentive For Investment In Cold Chain (2014-15), Recent Government Initiatives, MoFPI Scheme for Cold Chain Infrastructure Development, Other Financial Support Schemes
Assisted Cold Chain Projects
Slide 20-32: Information regarding major assisted cold chain projects approved across various states in India
Drivers & Challenges
Slide 33: Drivers and Challenges – Summary
Slide 34-38: Drivers
Slide 39-40: Challenges
Competitive Landscape
Slide 41: Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
Slide 42-46: Competitive Benchmarking
Slide 47-54: Major Public Players
Slide 55-75: Major Private Players
Recent Developments
Slide 76-77: Key Recent Developments – Cold Chain Market
Strategic Recommendations
Slide 78-79: Recommendations
Appendix
Slide 80: Key Ratios Description
Slide 81: Sources of Information
Dr. P K Joshi, Director-South Asia, International Food Policy Research Institute(IFPRI) presented on “Financing Agri-value Chain Development In India – Constraints and Opportunities” at the 27th National Conference on Agricultural Marketing organized by University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Economics, Dharwad
Market Research Report :Cold chain market in India 2012Netscribes, Inc.
For the complete report, get in touch with us at : info@netscribes.com
Growth in organized retail and the food processing sector drives the cold chain market in India. Further shift towards horticultural crops by farmers to evade risk boosts the demand for cold chain. Rising demand for cold storage in pharmaceutical sector is also driving the growth in cold chain market. Changing consumption pattern is expected to create huge demand for cold storage in India.
The report begins with an introduction section, projecting the evolution of Cold Chain Market in India. It then shows the value chain of the cold chain market followed by its definition, segments and key activities. The different types of cold storage are then demonstrated. A flow of Cold Chain Logistics Services is also shown in this section.
Market overview section provides a brief snapshot of the Cold Chain Market. This section includes the market size of the cold chain market in India in terms of cold storage and cold transportation, demonstrating the forecasted growth over the period 2010 - 2015. The opportunities for the players in providing cold chain facilities are also illustrated. The section then gives an overview of the surface storage market. The cold storage distribution in the country has been mapped along with the commodity wise distribution. Subsequently, the number of cold storage and their capacity as on 31st Dec, 2009 has been listed. Current ranking of India’s food production w.r.t global scenario are displayed. The impact of cold chain on shelf life of fruits & vegetables has been shown. Developments in refrigeration systems in cold storage has been shown followed by the other recent developments. An overview of the refrigerated transport market is given demonstrating the refrigerated transport process.
Current & Future Scenario section deals with the investment opportunities and the private participation in cold chain market in India. Some major deals in cold chain market in India have been listed. Further some recent investments in the cold chain sector in India are also found.
Drivers & challenges section in the report provides a comprehensive set of factors which boosts and hinders the growth in the market. An analysis of the section brings forth the key drivers fueling growth in the market including growth in organized retail, shift towards horticultural crops, growth in processed food sector, demand from pharmaceutical sector and the changing consumption pattern. While the challenges identified comprises of lack of logistical support, uneven distribution of cold chains, cost structure and deficit in power supply.
Government initiative section emphasizes on the role of government in budget for cold chain sector. Further the government’s initiatives on terminal market, railways and port and shipping are also discussed. Then the schemes and the assistance by Ministry of Food Processing Industries, National Horticultur
Value chain analysis of Botswana poultry industry: The case of Gaborone, Kgat...ILRI
Presented by Charity Masole, Gare K. Mphothwe and John C. Moreki at the Conference on Policies for Competitive Smallholder Livestock Production, Gaborone, Botswana, 4-6 March 2015
Explains the role of information and knowledge in agricultural marketing, shares the initiatives by Government, private, NGOs and farmers organisations, indicates ICT advances which transform agricultural research-extension-marketing scenarios.
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Khi sản xuất các dược phẩm nhạy cảm với nhiệt độ như vắc xin hay một số loại thuốc khác, các nhà sản xuất phải chứng minh được quá trình sản xuất, bảo quản và vận chuyển tuân thủ GxP trên toàn bộ chuỗi cung ứng. Do đó việc tìm kiếm giải pháp giám sát chuỗi cung ứng lạnh phù hợp là rất quan trọng.
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Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
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Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
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In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
2. Cold Chain Logistics
Sector Analysis by
Rishab Sapra
rishabsapra@gmail.com
Shridhar Joshi
joshridhar@gmail.com
Business Design, 2011-2013
Welingkar Institute of Management and Research
3. • What is Logistics ?
• Introduction to Cold Chain Logistics
• History and Breakthroughs
• Global Scenario
• Indian Ice Age
• Value Parameters
• Users
4. What is Logistics ?
Logistics is the management
of the flow of goods from Transportation
origin to destination to
meet customer requirements
Security Inventory
Right Time, Right Place
@ Minimum Cost Logistics
Packaging Warehousing
Started as a business
concept in 1950’s Information
Management
Source: Global Agri System Pvt. Ltd. Report
5. What is Cold Chain Logistics?
TEMPERATURE
COLD CHAIN
LOGISTICS CONTROL
LOGISTICS
(REFRIGERATION)
Major Sectors : Food and Beverages, Bio-Pharmaceutical
The Cold chain logistics infrastructure
Supply
Transport Storage Transport End Customer
Procurement
• Precooling System • Refrigerated • Cold Storage • Refrigerated • Retail, Terminal,
• Farms (Rural Trucks • Warehouses Trucks Markets, Factory,
Markets) • Refrigerated • Refrigerated Ports, Airport
• Manufacturers Railway Wagons Railway Wagons
• Refrigerated Cargo • Refrigerated Cargo
Containers Containers
6. Global Cold Chain Facts: Food Sector
Fruits & Meat Fish & Seafood Dairy Products Beverages
Vegetables
In European and American developed countries, the rate of
refrigerated transport is up to 80-90%,
pre-cooling preservation is up to 80-100%,
and the loss rate is below 5%.
25% of the total food production is processed foods. A booming industry
7. Cold chain in Food Sector
Industry Temperature Standards
Banana Chill Frozen Deep Frozen
13 C 2C -18 C -29 C
8. Temperature Product
Refrigerated Shelf Life Optimum
(Days) Temperature (Celcius)
and Apple
Bananas
90-240
7-28
0
13.5
Shelf Life Bell Peppers
Cabbage
21-35
14-20
7
1
Eggs 180 1.1
Onions 30-180 1
Lettuce 12-14 0.6
Fresh Meat (beef,
14-65 -2
lamb, pork, poultry)
Oranges 21-90 7
Pears 120-180 -0.6
Potatoes 30-50 10
Seafood (shrimp,
120-360 -17.8
lobster, crab)
Strawberries 5-10 0.6
Tomatoes 7-14 12
9. Global Cold Chain Facts: Bio-Pharmaceutical
Pharmaceutical Biotech Vaccines Blood Products Clinical Trials
Global Bio-Pharma Cold-chain market
2010 : $5.1 billion 2011 : $6.6 billion
2014 : 7 of the top 10 global pharma products in will require cold-chain handling
Vaccines growing on average 8% per year for the next five years
Source: www.fiercebiotech.com/press-releases/
source: www.coldchainpharm.com/
11. Global Cold Chain- Pharmaceutical Sector
Bio-pharma logistics spending growth
Cold chain logistics spending
expanded from $5.1 billion in 2008
to $6.6 billion in 2011
Cold chain shipment growth by region
Sources: http://www.aircargoinsights.com/news/cold-chain-pharmaceuticals-worth-billions/
http://www.aircargoinsights.com/more-market/global-biopharma-demand-on-the-rise/
12. HISTORY & BREAKTHROUGHS
1797 British fishermen used natural ice to preserve their fish stock piles
Late 1820’s Movement of food from rural areas to urban consumption markets
1851s Mechanical refrigeration and Air-conditioning plant patented by Dr. John
Gorrie
1867 The refrigerated railroad car was patented by J.B. Sutherland of Detroit
1870s Trade of food between colonial powers and their colonies
France received mutton carcasses from South America
Great Britain imported frozen beef from Australia, pork from New Zealand
1882 SS Dunedin, the first ship to complete transportation of frozen meat.
1910 600,000 tons of frozen meat was being brought into Great Britain alone.
1920’s Group of CFC’s - Freon used in refrigeration was developed.
Source: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch5en/appl5en/ch5a5en.html
13. HISTORY & BREAKTHROUGHS
1857 The first shipment of refrigerated beef was made from the Chicago stockyards to the East in
an ordinary box car packed with ice.
1866 Parker Earle of Illinois shipped strawberries in iced boxes by rail from southern Illinois to
Chicago.
1867 The first patent for a specialized refrigerator car (US Patent #71,423) was issued to JB
Sutherland of Detroit, Michigan.
1868 William Davis of Detroit developed a refrigerator car cooled by a frozen ice-salt mixture, and
patented it in the USA. The patent was sold to George Hammond, a local meat packer who
went on to amass a fortune in refrigerated shipping.
1869 Henry Peyton Howard (1829-1913) of the United States transported a shipload of beef frozen
in a salt-ice mixture from Indianola, Texas, to New Orleans and served it in hospitals, hotels
and restaurants.
1873 Timothy C. Eastman exported chilled beef by ship from America to London, and shortly
thereafter built up his trade to an annual tonnage of around 10,000 t. The insulated cargo
space was cooled by ice, which was loaded on departure. The success of this method was
limited by distance and climate.
1876- French engineer Charles Tellier and the steamship Frigorifique achieved the first overseas
1877 shipment of meat under artificial refrigeration. Three methyl-ether refrigerating machines
kept the cargo in a chilled state during the 12,000 km voyage from France to Argentina and
the return trip. The preservation of the meat was less than perfect; full success would have
to wait until the voyage of the Paraguay.
Source:
http://www33.brinkster.com/iiiii/inventions/reftranstimeline.asp
14. HISTORY & BREAKTHROUGHS
1877- The French vessel Paraguay, equipped with refrigeration machinery by Ferdinand Carré,
1878 traveled from France to Buenos Aires and back. 150 t of meat, kept at -27 to -30 deg C,
arrived in Argentina in excellent condition after 50 days.
1878 Gustavus F. Swift (1839-1903) of the United States put into operation a refrigerator car to
ship fresh meats. The car body was well insulated and the interior cooled by ice. Fifteen
years later the operation had expanded to 97 thousand units.
1879 Henry Bell (1848-1931) and John Bell (1850-1929) of Scotland and Joseph James Coleman
(1838-1888) of England completed the Bell-Coleman dense-air machine on the Anchor liner
Circassia, which successfully brought a cargo of chilled beef from the USA to London.
1879- The Strathleven, equipped with a Bell-Coleman air machine and loaded with beef, mutton,
1880 butter and kegs, sailed from Melbourne to London and arrived with the frozen cargo in good
condition after a 9-week voyage of about 24,000 km.
1880 The first patent for a mechanically refrigerated railcar was issued in the USA (#230615, to
Charles William Cooper).
1881 Alfred Seale Haslam (1844-1927) of England equipped the liner Orient with Haslam
refrigeration compressors. He bought the Bell-Coleman dense-air patents in 1878 and
eventually equipped four hundred plants and ships with Bell-Coleman machines.
Source:
http://www33.brinkster.com/iiiii/inventions/reftranstimeline.asp
15. HISTORY & BREAKTHROUGHS
1885 Berries from the Norfolk (Virginia) area were shipped by refrigerator car to New
York.
1887 Parker Earle joined F.A. Thomas of Chicago in the fruit shipping business. The
company owned 60 ice-cooled railcars by 1888, and 600 by 1891.
1888 An experimental Chicago-to-Florida shipment of beef from Armour and Company
was made in a car cooled by ethyl chloride compression machinery.
1888 Florida oranges reached New York under refrigeration for the first time.
1889 The first cooled shipment of deciduous fruit from California entered the New York
market.
1890 In London, first mechanically refrigerated barge introduced.
1890 After acquiring the patent rights of Franz Windhausen's CO2-compression
refrigeration system, J. & E. Hall installed the first marine CO2 machine on the
Highland Chief.
1898 Russia put its first refrigerator cars into service. Russia had 1900 such cars by 1908,
3000 by 1910, 5900 by 1916. The cars were employed mainly for transport of
Siberian butter. The journey from Siberia to Baltic ports lasted about 12 days.
Reicing stations were set up each 2000 km.
Source:
http://www33.brinkster.com/iiiii/inventions/reftranstimeline.asp
16. HISTORY & BREAKTHROUGHS
1899 Refrigerated fruit traffic within the USA reached 90,000 t per year. Transport from
California to NY averaged 12 days in 1900.
1900 A worldwide survey found 356 refrigerated ships, 37% of which had air machines,
37% ammonia compressors and 25% CO2 compressors.
1900 Refrigerator cars in the USA numbered about 50,000.
1900 During the year, Great Britain imported 360,000 metric tons of refrigerated meat:
220,000 t from Argentina, 95,000 t from New Zealand, and 45,000 t from Australia.
1901 The first refrigerated banana ship, the Port Morant, was equipped with a CO2
machine and carried 23,000 stems at controlled temperature from Jamaica to
England.
1901 Carl von Linde equipped a Russian train with a mobile mechanical refrigeration
plant to distribute cooling to the cars carrying the goods. Similar systems
continued to be used in Russia through at least 1975.
1902 According to a study of Lloyd's Register, 460 ships had refrigerating plants in 1902.
The marine refrigeration industry at this time was dominated by the British.
1904 US pomologist G. Harold Powell introduced the technique of precooling, or
removing field heat from the crop as rapidly as possible before transport.
Source:
http://www33.brinkster.com/iiiii/inventions/reftranstimeline.asp
17. HISTORY & BREAKTHROUGHS
1906 Pacific Fruit Express began operations with more than 6,000 refrigerated cars,
transporting fruit and vegetables across the United States from Western producers
to Eastern consumers.
1907 US traffic in refrigerated fruit reached a yearly total of 600,000 t, up from 430,000
t in 1905.
1910 Great Britain refrigerated meat imports rose to 760,000 t/year.
1910 By this time British company J. & E. Hall had installed 1800 CO2 refrigeration
machines in ships.
1913 British fleet included 230 refrigerated ships with total cargo capacity of 440,000 t.
1913 The number of thermally insulated railcars in the USA amounted to about
100,000. Most of these were cooled by ice.
1923 London used 120 metal barges of 60 to 120 t, insulated or mechanically cooled, for
transport of meat on inland waterways.
1925 The Pacific Fruit Express had 34,000 refrigerator cars and the Fruit Growers'
Express 22,000.
1925- Mechanically refrigerated road vehicles, especially for the delivery of milk and ice
1930 cream, began to appear around this time.
Source:
http://www33.brinkster.com/iiiii/inventions/reftranstimeline.asp
18. HISTORY & BREAKTHROUGHS
1931 The total volume of ice-cooled railcar cargo space in America was of the same
order as that of public cold stores at the time (12.5 million m³, vs. 13 million m³).
1931 The number of refrigerator cars in the USA reached a maximum of about 183,000.
1935 Refrigerated imports into Britain in 1935 totaled 1 million metric tons of meat,
500,000 t of butter, 130,000 t of cheese, 430,000 t of apples and pears, and 20
million stems of bananas.
1936 The Italian army used 150 refrigerated containers to transport frozen meat to its
troops on the Ethiopian front. Great Britain and the Netherlands had also built
prototype refrigerated containers by this time.
1939 The USA had roughly 18,000 vehicles for refrigerated road transport, between
2000-2500 of which were mechanically cooled. Many of the rest were kept cold by
solid carbon dioxide ("dry ice"), regular ice, or eutectic plates. The number of
these vehicles, as well as the proportion that were mechanically refrigerated,
steadily grew during the next few decades with the growth of the trucking
industry and the development of superhighways.
Source:
http://www33.brinkster.com/iiiii/inventions/reftranstimeline.asp
19. HISTORY & BREAKTHROUGHS
1949 Refrigeration system made its way into the trucking industry by roof-
mounted cooling device, patented by Fred Jones.
1950’s Temperature controlled movement of pharmaceuticals and medical supplies
1950’s In the United States, Food and Drug Administration restrictions over the
stability of the cold chain incited many of these companies to rely on
specialty couriers rather than completely overhauling their supply chain
facilities. A specialized cold chain industry was born
After 1960’s* Blown air containers were replaced by self powered containers.
2010 Fed ex using GPS for tracking. Fedex Sense Aware
Source: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch5en/appl5en/ch5a5en.html
20. HISTORY & BREAKTHROUGHS
1970, Tropicana orange juice was shipped in
bulk via insulated boxcars in one weekly
round-trip from Bradenton, Florida, to
Kearny, New Jersey.
By 1972, they were carrying around
1,000,000 US gallons (around 38,00,000
Litres )
Illinois Central Railroad #14713,
a ventilated fruit car dating from 1893
Unloading frozen pork from
A circa 1870 refrigerator car the Clan Line ship Clan
design. Hatches in the roof Top icing of bagged MacDougall in the mid-20th
provided access to the vegetables in a century
ice tanks at each end refrigerator car
21. BREAKTHROUGHS IN INDIA
In 2004, Safexpress Pvt Ltd first company in the Indian logistics
industry to use the GPS
Maersk India, had taken steps to facilitate research in the
production, harvesting, warehousing, and packaging of
bananas. The company provided end-to-end cold chain logistics
support, besides undertaking training of local banana exporters in
cold chain management.
23. BREAKTHROUGHS IN INDIA
Kale Logistics India Develop UPLIFT with ICAAI ( Air Cargo Agents Association of India )
24. Global Cold Chain Players
The Global top cold chain companies includes PRW companies from
Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexic
o, Norway, Sweden, Vietnam and United States of America
• Americold logistics LLC , Canada, USA $ 1.62 billion
• Versacold Argentina, Australia, Canada, New Zealand $ 900 million
• Millard refrigerated services, Canada, USA $ 230 million
• Nichirei logistics group inc., Japan, Netherlands, Poland $ 95 million
• MUK Logistics GmbH, Germany $ 60 million
• Nordic cold storage LLC, USA $ 27 million
• Swire cold storage, Australia, Vietnam $7.5 million
• Gruppo Marconi Logistica Italy
25. Value Parameters
Product Safety – Physical / Chemical / Microbiological
Network (Geographical coverage)
Transportation Time
Temperature Range Availability (Product Range Covered)
End to End Solutions (Integrated approach)
Temperature & Humidity Control
Tracking methods - Temperature and Location
Trust and Reliability of service provider
Regulatory Compliances
Security
*Carbon Footprint
Cost
26. Value Parameters (Revised)
Network (Geographical coverage)
Temperature Range Availability (Product Range Covered)
End to End Solutions (Integrated approach)
Temperature & Humidity Control
Tracking Methods
Real time information feedback
Security
Cost
Trust /Reliability of service provider
Flexibility of service provider
Ability to meet Tech Specs
Regulatory Compliances
Carbon Footprint
Transportation Time *
27. Stakeholders
User Industries Infrastructure
Fruit and Vegetable Businesses Warehouse / Cold Storage Owners
Food Processing Businesses Refrigeration and Cold Chain Equipment
Horticulture Technology suppliers
Livestock Producers Refrigeration Solution Providers
Seafood Companies Specialized Equipment Providers
Pharmaceutical companies ICD’s (Inland Containers Depots)
Hotels and Restaurants Sea / Air Ports
Large format retailers and wholesalers Transport Vehicles
Small Retailers Security
Laboratories/ Healthcare Centers
Medical Equipment Manufacturers
Oil refineries and chemical industries
CRO’s ( Contract Research Organisations)
Authorities and Associations
Government Agencies (Planning commission, customs, etc.)
DCGI (Drugs Controller General of India )
CDSCO (Central Drug Standard Control Organization )
IARW ( International association of refrigerated warehouses )
Global Cold Chain Alliances
Academic and Research Institutions
Growers Association of Fruits and Vegetables
28. Stakeholders
Stakeholders
Intermediaries
Logistics Service Provider
Cold Logistics players (Shipping lines, Transporters, Container Companies)
Warehousing Agents
Supply Chain Solution Providers
Packaging Service Providers
Banks and Financial Institution
Consultants from the relevant spheres who are interested in knowledge building.
Others
Power / Electricity
Shelf Life
Temperature
Humidity
Distance
Seasonal Changes
Roads Connectivity
29. Cold Chain: India
In India 30 per cent of the fruits and vegetables grown in India get wasted because of
lack of cold storage facilities and energy infrastructure.
Only 8% of the produce is processed in India
Commodity wise Capacity Utilization, 2000
• The total cold chain market in Commodity Cold chain capacity
India is estimated at $3.2 billion
(Percentage)
in 2009
Potato 92.82*
• Expected to touch $9 Billion by
2015 Multi purpose 7.63
Fruit & vegetable 1.07
• Growing at 20-25 per cent CAGR
Fish 0.73
• Cold chain industry
Cold storage 88 % Meat 0.15
Cold transport 12 % Dairy & milk 0.68
• 100 % FDI allowed Others (Pharma, Life 0.36
sciences)
Source: IBEF Source: Global AgriSystem Pvt. Ltd. Report
30. Cold Chain: India
Food Sector
User Industry Food India Growth ( CAGR )
Processed Food $ 17.8 Billion 13.5 %
Agriculture $ 200 Billion 3.8 %
Branded Frozen Food $ 212 Million 20-25 %
Source: Ministry of state for Food Processing Industries, CCI Report
Bio-Pharmaceutical Sector
User Industry India Growth ( CAGR )
Pharmaceutical $12 Billion 10-11 %
Clinical Research $ 2.2 Billion 23 %
Generic Drugs $ 11 Billion 17 %
Healthcare $ 36 Billion 15 %
Sources : AIMA, BCG, CII
31. Current State: Cold Chain India
India has a total of roughly 5,400 cold storages with a capacity of
24 million MT, over 90 per cent of which are suitable to store
potato products only and are fairly archaic.
State wise Distribution of Cold Chains
Commodity wise Distribution Of Cold Storages
Source: http://agmarknet.nic.in/coldstorage.htm
32. Cold Chain: Daily Consumption in India
• 9000 trucks of fruit
• 14000 trucks of vegetables
• 4000 trucks of potatoes
• 8000 trucks of onions
• 13 Lakh Chickens
Source: Ingersol Rand at ICE EXPO 2010
33. Top Players in India
1) Snowman Frozen Foods 4) RK Foodland
• A joint venture between Gateway • A 35 year old 3pl company with pan-India
Distiparks, Mitsubishi Corp & Nichirei presence.
Logistics Group. Nichirei of Japan is the • Clients include Domino’s, Abbott, GSK,
fourth largest in this business in the world Cadbury.
Income $10.2 million in 2010
2) Fresh and Healthy Enterprises 5) GATI RedSun
• A subsidiary of the state-owned Container • A leading cold chain company for perishable
Corporation of India (Concor), which deals goods and frozen items
in transporting containers via rail • The Hyderabad-based Gati recently bought
• India’s largest CA store with capacity of a majority stake in the company. Gati plans
12,000 MT at Rai in Sonepat, Haryana. to scale up operations in cold chain logistics
3) Coldstar Logistics 6) Adani Agrifresh
• Incubated by Tuscan Ventures, a $ 50 • A logistics venture formed by the Gujarat-
million venture capital fund in 2010. based $ 6 Billion Adani Group
• 3 existing and 9 WIP warehouses across • Has invested $ 40 Millions in setting up 3
India CA stores in HP.
• Promotes FARMPIK Brand in North India
34. COLD CHAIN: TRENDS IN INDIA
Backward Integration by Retail companies
Many Ice factories have converted their factories into cold storages
FOOD SECTOR
Increase in frozen food consumption, meat, fish, canned, instant food items
Acceptance of frozen vegetables, changing mindset
Increase in per capita income increases dairy, poultry consumption
BIO-PHARMA SECTOR
Development of vaccines,
Increase in clinical trials logistics
Increased share of refrigerated drugs
TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS
Some reefers are equipped with a water cooling system, which can be used if the
reefer is stored below deck on a vessel without adequate ventilation to remove the
heat generated.
Water cooling systems are expensive, so modern vessels rely more on ventilation to
remove heat from cargo holds, and the use of water cooling systems is declining.
35. Classification of cold chains
• Negative temp. (Frozen Material) Cold Chain
• Positive Temp. (Chilled Material) Cold Chain
• Single Product Cold Chain
• Multi Product Cold Chain
• Supply Side Cold Chain
• Distribution Side Cold Chain
36. Cold Chain: Front End
• Industry Expos : • Advertisements
ICE EXPO (India Cold Chain Expo) • Company Websites
Food Tec India • Direct Sales
Dairy and Food Tech EXPO
Food And Bev Tech
• Trade Magazines
Log India
TransREporter
Logistics Times
FoodAndBev
• Consultants
ACR Consulting
Cross Tree Consultants
Fresh Food Technologies
37. Advertisements
• Integrated cold
chain service
provider
• Typical ads listing
various services and
stats.
• QR Code and
helpline to guide
customers towards
further action
41. Cold Chain: Backend
• Refrigeration system
• Insulated Wall Panels, Metal Roofing system
• Material handling equipment's
• Pallet racking system
• Dock equipment's and special doors
• Special cold storage doors
• Contractors and Civil Engineers
• Vehicle reefer units
• Vehicle supply Fresh line Processing equipment
• Process Grading and Sorting
• Consultants
– Food Service Distribution Centre concept design consultant
– Local Indian Architectural & Structural Consultant: Stup Consultants
– Integrated Building Management System : Tata Honeywell
– Supply Chain Solution consultant : Keogh Consulting Primary Research – ICE EXPO 2011
Source:
42. Backend: Refrigeration Providers
WAREHOUSES (Static Refrigeration)
Voltas Carrier Kirloskar Ingersoll IBK Alfa Laval
Neumatic Rand Refrigeration
Major Compressor Manufacturers:
FREON: Danfoss (Major market share – 50%), Emerson, Bitzer
AMMONIA: Kirloskar Pneumatic Ltd (60% Market share), Frick
(Indian Companies)
TRANSPORT REFRIGERATION (Refrigeration on the move)
Carrier, Thermoking, Blue Star – Total of 70 % Market share
Source: Primary Research – Akhil Lutharia, Consultant
46. Doors and Docks
• Metaflex
• Dan Foss
• Lloyd Insulations (India) Limited
• Salco
• HiCon
• Rite-Hite
47. Backend: Role of Consultants
• Refrigeration Equipment
Investigate mechanical equipment
(evaporators, compressors, condensers, humidifiers, etc.), Recommend
and implement changes, if necessary, to improve functionality or reduce
operating costs, or both.
• Utility Audits
Review of previous and current configuration, usage and billings.
• Ripening/Precooling Technology
Optimize results with existing equipment, and also show how investments
in new equipment could improve the bottom line.
• Project Design & Management
Needs Analysis, Design, and Construction Management for additional
capacity.
48. Transportation
First Mile & Last Mile
Reefer trucks Delivery
50. Cold Chain Cost breakup
Capital Expenditure Costs
Construction cost Rs. 300-350 per sq ft.
Cooling Equipment Rs. 18,000-20,000 per MT
Power Consumption 3.5 KW per MT
Diesel Generator Rs. 50-80 lakhs
Forklifts Rs. 4-7 lakhs
Pallets Rs. 500
Reefer Trucks Rs. 25-30 lakhs for 9-13 tonnes
Source: Anderson Consulting Report on cold chain
51. Cold Chain Cost breakup
Office + Logistics Costs
Communication System Rs. 8-10 lakhs
(VSAT Links)
Office infrastructure Rs. 50-60 lakhs
Computing Power Rs. 5 lakhs
Website Design Rs. 1-2 Lakh
Working capital Rs. 3 crores
Blanket Costs Rs. 50,000-52,000 per MT + reefer
( Excluding civil constr.) vehicles
Source: Anderson Consulting Report on cold chain
52. Drivers
• Growth in organized retail
Reliance, future, bharti- walmart, etc.
• Growth in processed food sector
$ 70 bn in 2010. Projected growth to $ 150bn by 2015
• Changing consumption pattern
• Increase in consumption levels
22 million MT supply against 31 million MT demand
• Government Initiatives
Mega food parks, Subsidies
53. Challenges
• Lack of Road Infrastructure
• Continuity of the cold supply chain
• Uneven distribution of cold chains
• High capital investment
-Rs.80-90/sq.ft.($ 1.6-2.0) against Rs.30/sq.ft. ($ 0.6) in west
• Power supply
-17-18% power deficit
-30% of total expenses against 10% in west
• Management of different temperatures
• Awareness and Mindsets
• Error Irreversibility
-Highly temperature sensitive cargo
54. Government Policy & Initiatives
1. All the relevant schemes pertaining to the Cold Chain Industry have been
outlined and a separate compendium has been prepared containing all
these schemes.
2. A Special Purpose Vehicle has been set up for the Cold Chain Logistics
3. Setting up of National Centre for Cold Chain Development (NCCD).
NCCD Activities are:
• Training and Capacity Building
• Research and Development
• Building standards through International benchmarking
• Interaction with National / International bodies for development of cold
chain infrastructure and trade in perishable
55. Government Incentives
Some of these incentives are
• Budget 2010-2011 proposed a concessional import duty of five per cent
with full exemption from service tax to set up and expand cold chains.
The proposal also included duty-free import of refrigeration unit, which is
required to make refrigerated vans or trucks. It also exempted trailers and
semi-trailers used in agriculture from excise duty
• The Budget exempted air-conditioning equipment and refrigeration
panels used in cold chain infrastructure, including conveyor belts, from
excise duty. It also extended excise duty exemption to conveyor belts.
• Budget 2009-2010, Government of India introduced tax benefits for
companies making investments in setting up cold chain facilities
• Other past incentives include access to external commercial
borrowings, 100 per cent FDI and provision of up to 25 per cent project
costs involved in setting up cold storage facilities provided by the
Government under the Capital Investment Subsidy Scheme
56. Need Gaps
Lack of knowhow and trained manpower
Lack of backward & forward linkages to supplement
cold chain (High VDC - Variable Distribution Cost)
High cost of power: Agricultural sector is offered
subsidized power tariffs by the Government of India,
Cold chain industry is instead subjected to industrial
power tariffs.
57. Need Gaps
104 million metric tons
Perishable produce is transported between cities each
year.
Only 4 million metric tons
moves via reefer mode.
Optimization in reefer transport
• Lack of two-way cargo movement/ back haulage
• delay timely deliveries and reduce the efficient utilization of
fleets.
58. Need Gaps
Infrastructure: Coolers, warehouses, refrigerated
trucks, carriers, shopping malls and others. Needs to study the
potential risks and the return on investment (RoI)
Third-party logistics:
• Manual- handling reduces the product quality and life.
• Lack of end-to-end solutions. One can also adapt state-of-the-
art techniques such as cross docking that will reduce the
transit times and inventory.
FP industry: The Central government allows 100% FDI in this
sector.
59. Need Gaps
• Reefer location tracking challenges (Technology
effectiveness & penetration low)
• Discontinuous Energy Supply for hours (Backup
power is very expensive)
• Lack of 3 Party solution providers for small players.
Geographical and service range expanding on project
basis from big players. Logistics providers with air conditioned trucks,
automatic handling equipment and trained manpower will provide end-to-end
support.
• Education and awareness. Low acceptance due to
high costs
60. Fruit and Vegetable Businesses 2 2 3 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 3
Chocolates 3 1 1 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 2 1
Diary 3 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 3
Seafood Companies 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 2
Livestock Producers 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 2
Hotels 1 3 2 1 1 3 2 2 3 2 2 3
Quick Service Restaurants 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3
Large Format Retailers and Wholesalers
3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3
Small Retailers 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2
Network (Geographical coverage)
Temperature Range Availability
Temperature & Humidity Control
Tracking Methods
Real time information feedback
Product Security
Cost
Trust /Reliability of service provider
Flexibility of service provider
Technical Standards Compliance
Regulatory Compliances
Transportation Time
Segmentation Matrix
62. TRENDS
PPP model for supply chains
• Indian cold chain business is fragmented in a big way.
• Organised retailers can give a boost to the much needed
supply chain logistics in the country.
• More private sector investment is required in the areas of
infrastructure especially in warehousing, technology, cold
chain and logistics in order to harness the full potential of the
Indian food processing sector
Increased FDI in Multi-brand Retail on the anvil
This will boost the investments in the cold chain infrastructure.
Backward Integration by Large Format Retailers
These companies are investing in developing their own cold-
chains eg. Future Supply Chains
63. TRENDS
Center’s NCCD
The Central government has established the National Centre for Cold
Chain Development (NCCD) as an autonomous body.
The NCCD has constituted the following committees:
● Technical specification and Standards Committees
● Project preparation, Appraisal and Project Certification Committee
● Training and HRD Committee
● R&D Committee
● Test Laboratory and Product Certification Committee
● Application of Non-conventional Energy Sources in Cold Chain
Infrastructure.
● The establishment of cold chain is being supported through
programmes of NHM, NHB, APEDA and Ministry of Food Processing
Industries.
65. reefers
Shipping lines
Maersk Line, Evergreen Line, Hamburg
Sud, Hapag-Lloyd, K Line, Mac
Andrews, MISC, CSAV-Norasia, Rickmers
Line, Safmarine,Yang Ming Line, UASC and Zim
Line. India’s state-owned shipping company
Shipping Corp. of India, is also a member.
Source:
http://www.livemint.com/2007/09/18020040/
Shipping-refrigerated-cargo-fr.html
Editor's Notes
title
Content of what all we are going to present
What is logistics and then coming down to cold chain logistics.
History from consumer’s point of view. How were fruits, veggies meats and drugs transported in the past maintaining the constant temperature.Along with breakthroughs.
History from consumer’s point of view. How were fruits, veggies meats and drugs transported in the past maintaining the constant temperature.Along with breakthroughs.