1. Labor is the process by which the viable products of conception are expelled from the uterus through the vagina. It involves uterine contractions and cervical dilation.
2. Nursing care during labor involves monitoring the patient, providing comfort measures, and preparing for delivery. The nurse assesses cervical dilation, fetal position, and signs of distress.
3. During the second stage of labor, nurses assist the patient in pushing effectively and maintaining an optimal birthing position. They provide encouragement and help the patient rest between contractions.
A prolonged second stage of labor is known to be associated with increased risk of certain maternal complications, such as infection, urinary retention, hematoma, and ruptured sutures in the early postpartum period.
Retained placenta can be defined as lack of placental expulsion within 30 minutes of delivery of an infant. it is more common in preterm. Retained Placenta can lead to massive PPH and increase maternal morbidity and mortality.
A prolonged second stage of labor is known to be associated with increased risk of certain maternal complications, such as infection, urinary retention, hematoma, and ruptured sutures in the early postpartum period.
Retained placenta can be defined as lack of placental expulsion within 30 minutes of delivery of an infant. it is more common in preterm. Retained Placenta can lead to massive PPH and increase maternal morbidity and mortality.
Please find the power point on Management of Preterm labor. I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
The placenta is said to be retained when it is not expelled from the uterus even 30 minutes after the delivery of the baby
Manual placenta removal is a procedure to remove a retained placenta from the uterus after childbirth.
This topic contains definition, instruments, indications, contraindications, prerequisites, advantages, procedure, complications and hazards of ventouse or vaccum delivery.
“Difficulty encountered in the delivery of the fetal shoulders after delivery of the head.”
Shoulder dystocia is an unpredictable obstetric complication with the incidence of 0.15% to 2%.
An increase in the incidence of shoulder dystocia has been recorded over the last 20 years. Incidence appears to be increasing as birth weights increase.
Please find the power point on Management of Preterm labor. I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
The placenta is said to be retained when it is not expelled from the uterus even 30 minutes after the delivery of the baby
Manual placenta removal is a procedure to remove a retained placenta from the uterus after childbirth.
This topic contains definition, instruments, indications, contraindications, prerequisites, advantages, procedure, complications and hazards of ventouse or vaccum delivery.
“Difficulty encountered in the delivery of the fetal shoulders after delivery of the head.”
Shoulder dystocia is an unpredictable obstetric complication with the incidence of 0.15% to 2%.
An increase in the incidence of shoulder dystocia has been recorded over the last 20 years. Incidence appears to be increasing as birth weights increase.
First Stage of Labour nsg management.pptxitisha prasad
first stage of labour is the time period from the time of true labour to the full dilation of the cervix. it is most crucial time which requires proper and efficient care and support. Nursing managment during this time is very essential in order to procced with the normal labour. Partograph is one of the biggest tool to asess the progress of labour . It is very important to know the care to be provided during labour to the mothers including the care of bowel, bladder, ambulation, rest, positions, all of this help to keep a track of labour and they assist in the progress of labour.
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Pathophysiology of Normal Labor:
A series of events that take place in female genital organs to expel the product of conception that are fetus, placenta, membranes) out of womb through the vagina into the outer world. We further describe pathogenesis and features of different stages of labor
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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2. LABOR OR PARTURITION
Series of events that take place in the genital organs in an
effort to expel the viable products of conception out of the womb
through the vagina into the outer world is called labor.
3. PARTURITION AND PARTURIENT
Parturition is the process of giving
birth. Parturient is a women in labor
DELIVERY
It is the expulsion or extraction of a
viable fetus out of the womb.
4. Spontaneous in onset and at term.
With cephalic presentation
Without undue prolongation
Natural termination with minimal aids.
Without having any complications
Duration of <12 hrs in nulliparous women and <8 hrs in
multiparous women.
13. 1. Gynecoid (the classic female type)
2. Android (resembling the male pelvis)
3. Anthropoid (resembling the pelvis of anthropoid apes)
4. Platypelloid (the flat pelvis)
19. •Uterine contractions at regular intervals.
•Frequency of contractions increase gradually.
•Intensity and duration of contraction increase progressively.
•Associated with “show”.
•Progressive effacement and dilatation of the cervix.
•Descent of the presenting part
•Formation of the “bag of forewater”.
•Not relieved by enema or sedatives.
20. •Contraction and retraction of uterine muscle
•Formation of upper and lower segment
•Development of retraction ring
•Taking up of the cervix or effacement of the cervix
•Dilatation of the cervix
•Show presentation
•Formation of bag of water
•General fluid pressure
•Rupture of membranes
•Fetal axis pressure
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33. PURPOSES
To conduct safe and clean delivery
To provide an adequate help and maintain comfortable to mother in labor
To prevent maternal and fetal complication eg:- maternal and fetal
distress, postpartum hemorrhage and injuries etc
To give a healthy, live and a normal birth of a baby.
To maintain normal delivery process with good guidance, maximum
observation with minimal assistance.
To identify deviation from normal and complications in early and take
corrective measures as necessary.
34. Non- interference with watchful expectancy so as to
prepare the patient for a smooth delivery in the second
stage
To monitor carefully the progress of labor, maternal
conditions and fetal behaviourso as to detect any
deviation from the normal at the earliest possible
movement.
35. Nursing care
Hospital admission
Perineal preparation
Cleansing enema
Check the uterine contractions
Monitoring and recording color and amount of show
Fetal monitoring
Vital signs
36. Patient should void
Patient is NPO during labor
Positioning during labor
Prevention of infection
Vaginal examination
Artifical rupture of membranes
Emotional support
37.
38.
39.
40. Labour table with Mackintosh shhet
Suction machine
Oxygen cylinder with face mask, oxygen concentrator
24 hour water supply
Waste disposal system in place
24 hour electricity with backup
Attached toilet in the labour room
Designated Newborn corner (Radiant warmer, separate drug tray for the
baby, suction cannula, pedal suction machine/ mucus extractor, Ambu bag)
Flooring, walls, ceiling and lighting adequate.
41. Emergency drug tray with:
Oxytocin injection
Diazepam injection
Magnesium sulphate injection
Lignocaine hydrochloride injection
Nifedipine tablet
Normal delivery kits availability
Equipments for assisted vaccum delivery
Equipments for forceps delivery (outlet forceps)
Surgical set for episiotomy and mointor procedures available
Availability of gloves, sterilized cotton gauze, sterile syringes and needles,
drip sets and IV infusions.
44. 1. Radiant warmer
2. Neonatal ambu bag with face mask
3. Mucous extractor
4. Infant tray with clean cloth for draping the baby
5. Oxygen cylinder with flow meter
6. Nasal catheter
7. Laryngoscope and endotracheal intubation tube
8. Paediatric stethoscope
9. Baby scale
45.
46. The series of movements that occur on the head in the
process of adaptation, during its journey through the pelvis is
called mechanism of labor.
The mechanism of labor is the positional movements that
the fetus undergoes to accommodate itself to the maternal
pelvis.
It is the manner in which the fetus adjusts itself to pass
through the parturient canal with minimal difficulty.
47. 1. Descent takes place throughout the labor
2. Whichever part leads and first meets the resistance of the
pelvic floor will rotate forward until it comes under the
symphysis pubis.
3. Whatever emerges from the pelvis will pivot around the pubic
bone
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59. •Increased intensity of uterine contractions.
•Appearance of bearing down efforts.
•Urge to defecate with descent of the presenting part.
•Complete dilatation of the cervix as evidenced on
vaginal examination.
61. Latent phase
•The woman may be placed in a lateral or partial sitting or
other comfortable position.
•Encourage relaxation to conserve energy.
Descent phase
•Assist to bear down effectively.
•Assist to assume position of comfort that facilitate
descent.
•Encourage breathing during bearing down efforts.
•Help to relax between contractions and provide comfort
measures.
•Cleanse perineum immediately, if fecal material is
expelled.
62. Transitional phase
•Assist to patient during contractions to avoid rapid birth of head.
•Teach to gently bear down during contractions- slow gentle push.
Emotional support
•Keep informed of progress of fetal descent.
•Provide feedback for bearing down efforts.
•Explain the purpose, if any medication is given and reassure the
woman.
•Provide a quiet, calm environment and continuous nursing
presence.
63. •Never leave the patient alone once she has been transferred to the
delivery room.
•Encourage the patient to rest between contractions and to push with
contractions. Only one person should coach. Verbal encouragement and
physical contact help reassure and encourage the patient.
•Position the patient’s legs in the stirrups for the lithotomy position.
This is the most common position for the delivery.
•Prepare the patient’s perineum. A betadine scrub and water are used.
clean the perineum by washing the pubic area, down each thigh, down
each side of the labia, down the perineum and down the rectal area.
•Monitor the patient’s blood pressure and the fetal heart tones every 5
minutes and after contractions.