This document discusses sexual reproduction in flowering plants. It defines pollination as the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma, and fertilization as the fusion of male and female sex cells. The document outlines the process of pollination, where pollen is transferred to the stigma by pollinators like bees and birds, and fertilization, where pollen tubes grow into the style and ovary for the male and female sex cells to fuse. The goal is for students to understand these processes and how defects could impact sexual reproduction in flowering plants.
Este trabajo fue realizado por la alumna Paulita de Carabasa de segundo año de Polimodal, a partir de los contenidos de Biology.
Gracias!!! Paula. Excelente trabajo...
Introduction to Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, Flower, Structure of Flower, Male Reproductive Part of Flower (Stamens), Development of Anther walls, Anther Walls, Microsporangium (Pollen Sac)
Este trabajo fue realizado por la alumna Paulita de Carabasa de segundo año de Polimodal, a partir de los contenidos de Biology.
Gracias!!! Paula. Excelente trabajo...
Introduction to Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, Flower, Structure of Flower, Male Reproductive Part of Flower (Stamens), Development of Anther walls, Anther Walls, Microsporangium (Pollen Sac)
Definition and components of reproductive health?
Demographic trends and fertility determinants
Family planning
Impact of reproductive patterns on child health
Impact of reproductive patterns on women health
Mechanisms to reduce morbidity and mortality
The fifth grade Kids Care Club has developed a personal connection by adopting a school in Haiti: Dumarsais estime de Port au Ceil. Through project Operation Water Well, Sope Creek will be able to bring running water to this school. The water crisis in Haiti was worsened by the recent earthquake and Sope Creek students want to help.
Sope Creek Elementary is partnering with H2O for Life (www.h2oforlifeschools.org) to help make this possible. Every penny raised by our students will be matched by Save the Children and 100% of the money we collect will go directly to digging a well at our adopted school.
The Kids Care Club will be collecting donations on March 3, 4, & 5. Parents can make tax-deductible donations by writing a check directly to H2O for Life Schools, a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization.
A dam can also be used to collect or store water which can be evenly distributed between locations. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water, while other structures such as floodgates or levees (also known as dikes) are used to manage or prevent water flow into specific land regions. The earliest known dam is the Jawa Dam in Jordan, dating to 3,000 BC
Plant fertilization is the union of male and female gametes (reproductive cells) to produce a zygote (fertilized egg)
Double Fertilization
Both the male gametes/sperms participate in sexual reproduction.
Two male gametes fuse with one female gamete wherein one male gamete fertilizes the egg to form a zygote, whereas the other fuses with two polar nuclei to form an endosperm
Triple fusion is the fusion of the male gamete with two polar nuclei inside the embryo sac of the angiosperm.
Porogamy - entry through the micropyle.
Chalazogamy - entry through the Chalaza
Mesogamy - entry through the middle part or the integuments
Steps leading to fertilization
Germination of the pollen grain:
Stigma function is to provide place of lodging and germination of the pollen grain after pollination.
Types of stigmas-
Wet stigmas
Secrete exudates like water and other nutrients
In the form of droplets on the stigma.
Exudates made up of a mix of water, lipids, sugars, amino acids, phenolic compounds.
Highly viscous and adhesive. Ex: Petunia, Zea etc.
Dry stigma
Do not secrete exudates Ex: Gossypium
Double Fertilization & Triple Fusion:
Both the male gametes are involved in the fertilization.
Fertilize two different components of the embryo sac - Double Fertilization
One fuses with the egg nucleus (syngamy) -> Zygote(2n)
second fuses with polar nuclei -> primary endosperm nucleus (PEN).
Involves fusion of three nuclei - Triple fusion -> Endosperm(3n)
Pollen tube in the synergids:
Entry only through micropyle. Guided by oburator
Presence of chemotropic substances
Collapse of one the synergids prior to entry of the pollen tube.
Pollen tube in the synergids:
Entry only through micropyle. Guided by oburator
Presence of chemotropic substances
Collapse of one the synergids prior to entry of the pollen tube.
Discharge of pollen tube contents (two male gametes, vegetative nucleus and cytoplasm) into the synergids.
Disorganization of tube nucleus
Polyspermy &Heterofertilization
Heterofertilization - Type of double fertilization in plants in which endosperm and embryo are genetically different.
This happens when two different sperm nuclei from two different pollen tubes happen to enter the same embryo sac.
Dr. T. Annie Sheron
Annie Sheron
Kakatiya Government College
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
4. OBJECTIVES
• Define pollination.
• Define fertilization and state its function.
• Describe and draw the stages of fertilization beginning with the arrival of the pollen
grains at the stigma to the fusion of male cell with the female cell in the ovary.
• Apply the concept of pollination and fertilization to solve scenarios involving a
defect in the pollination process or fertilization process or parts of the flowering plant.
Generate a possible explanation on how the defect affects the entire pollination or
fertilization process and sexual reproduction of flowering plants.
5. REPRODUCTION OF LIVING THINGS
• Humans and mammals give birth to young, birds and amphibians lay eggs.
• How do stationary living things like flowers reproduce?
• With the help of our mobile friends, the pollinators!
7. IMPORTANCE OF POLLINATORS
Image 1. Bee rubbing its hairy body against the filaments. Image 2. Bee carrying thousands of pollen grains on its hairs.
8. POLLINATION & FERTILIZATION
PROCESS OVERVIEW
Pollination is the process by which pollen grains
are transferred from the anther to the stigma.
Fertilization is the fusion of the male sex cell (in
the pollen grain) and the female sex cell (in the
ovule).
Function of fertilisation: For sexual reproduction
9. POLLINATION PROCESS
1. Pollen grains from another anther is transferred onto the stigma of the
recipient flower as pollinators gather nectar for food.
11. FERTILIZATION PROCESS
2. Once conditions are right, pollen tubes from the pollen grains will start to
grow into the style.
This will create a pathway for the pollen grain to travel down to the ovary.
12. FERTILIZATION PROCESS
3. Once the pollen grain reaches the ovary, the male sex cell inside the pollen
grain fuses with the female sex cell inside the ovule.
Recap on last lesson where they learn parts of the flower and the different types of pollinators. They have only been taught who the pollinators are without explaining what they do in relation to flowers.
Link reproduction in flowering plants with pollinators and how they need each other
Show video first. When the bees (pollinators) search for food (honey in flowers), they use their tongue to reach for honey deep inside the flower. Sometimes the flower is too deep and their tongue is not long enough. Hence they have to fly inside the flower. When they enter the flower, they rub their body against filaments of the flower which then sticks onto their hairy body. When the bee flies to another flower to search for more food, it brings along the pollen from the previous flower. As the bee repeat the whole process again, the pollen gets transferred to the stigma of the recipient (2nd) flower. As a result, the recipient flower is pollinated.
Pollinators gather nectar for food. As pollinators move from one flower to another to gather more nectar, the pollen grains on the pollinator’s body gets transferred to the stigma of the recipient flower.
