The document outlines the classification of various animal phyla, highlighting key characteristics such as symmetry, level of organization, and reproductive methods. It covers phyla including Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Aschelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, and Chordata, detailing their structure, reproduction, and example species. Each phylum's unique features and biological classifications are briefly described.

1. ANIMAL KINGDOM -CLASS 11
• BY – SAKSHI RAWAT

2. BASIS OF CLASSIFING ORGANISMS
1. LEVEL OF ORGANISATION
2. PRESENCE OF COELEM
3.
4. TYPE OF SYMMETRY
5. PRESENCE OF NOTOCHORD
6.
7. SEGMENTATIONS

3. PHYLUM – PORIFERA
• BASIC CHARACTERISTICS ;
1. ACOELOMATES
2. ASYMMETRICAL
3. CELLULAR LEVEL OF ORGANISATION
4. FOUND IN MARINE AND ACQUATIC HABITAT
5. FERTILISATION IS EXTERNAL AND INDIRECT
• FEATURES ;
1. THERE ARE TINY PORES IN THE BODY CALLED OSTILIA
THE CENTRAL CAVITY WHERE WATER REACHES THROUGH
PORES IS SPONGOCOEL .
THE PATHWAY THROUGH WHICH THIS WATER COMES
OUT IS CALLED OSCULLUM

4. 2 . PORIFERANS POSSESS WATER VASCULAR
SYSTEM ;
THIS WATER HELPS IN RESIRATORY EXCHANGE,
TRANSPORT OF FOOD AND REMOVAL OF WASTE.
3. SKELETON IS MADE OF UP SPICULES
4. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION BY GAMETES AND ASEXUAL
BY FRAGMENTATION
5. DIGESTION IS INTRACELLULAR
6. EXAMPLES ; EUSPONGILLA , SYCON , SPONGILLA

5. PHYLUM – COELENTERATA
(CNIDARIA)
• BASICS CHARACTERISTICS ;
1. ACOELOMATES
2. RADIAL SYMMETRY
3. TISSUE LEVEL OF ORGANISATION
4. DIPLOBLASTIC
5. THEY ARE MOSTLE MARINE AND ACQUATIC
6. THEY CAN BE SESSILE OR FREE LIVING
7. NAME DERIVED FROM CNIDOBLAST AND
CNIDOCYSTS

6. • FEATURES
1. THEY EXISTS IN TWO FORMS POLP AND MEDUSA
2. THEY SHOWS ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS BY
THE PROCESS OF METAGENESIS
POLYP REPRODUCES ASEXUALLY TO FORM MEDUSA
AND MEDUSA REPRODUCES SEXUALLY TO FORM
POLYP
3. THEY HAVE CENTRAL GASTRO VASCULAR CAVITY
4. DIGESTION IS INTRACELLULAR AS WELL AS
EXTRACELLULAR

7. PHYLUM- CTENOPHORA
• THEY ARE COMMONLY KNOWN AS SEA WALNUTS
• AND COMB JELLIES
• DIPLOBLASTIC
• TISSUE LEVEL OF ORGANISATION
• RADIAL SYMMETRY
• ACOELOMATES
• COMMONLY MARINE
• THEY HAVE 8 EXTERNAL ROWS OF CILLIATED COMB PLATES
THAT HELP IN LOCOMOTION
• ONLY SEXUAL REPRODUCTION TAKE PLACE HERE
• DIGESTION IS INTRACELLELAR AND EXTRACELLULAR
• THEY EXHIBITS (PROPERTY OF EMITTING OWN LIGHT )

8. • EXAMPLES OF CTENOPHORA – CTENOPLANA
AND PLUEROBRACIA

9. PHYLUM- PLATYHELMINTHES
• THEY ARE KNOWN AS FLAT WORM AS THEY HAVE DORSOVENTRICALLY
FLATTENED BODY
• BILATERAL SYMMETRY
• ACOELOMATES
• ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL OF ORGANISATION
• TRIPLOBLASTIC
• THEY ARE HEMOPHRODITE
• THESE ORGANISIMS HAVE SPECIALISED CELLS CALLED FLAME CELL THAT
HEPLS IN OSMOREGULATION AND EXCRETION
• DIGESTION IS INCOMPLETE
• FERTILIZATION IS INTERNAL .
• DO NOT HAVE SEGMENTED BODY EXCEPT TAPEWORM
• EXAMPLES – TAPEWORM , LIVER FLUKE
•

10. PHYLUM – ASCHELMINTHES
• THESE ORGANISMS ARE KNOWN AS ROUND WORMS AS THEY HAVE
CIRCULAR CROSS SECTION
• TRIPLOBLASTIC
• THEY CAN BE FREE LIVING ,TERRESTRIAL AND ACQUATIC
• PSEUDOCOELOMATES
• ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL OF ORGANISATION
• BILATERAL SYMMETRY
• THEY ARE DIOCIOUS
• FEMALE BODY IS GENERALLY LONGER THAN MALE BODY
• THEY HAVE EXCRETORY TUBE FOR EXCRETION
• REPRODUCTION IS SEXUAL ONLY
• ALIMENTARY CANAL IS COMPLETE WITH MUSCULAR PHARYNX
• FERTILISATION IS INTERNAL AND DEVELOPMENT IS DIRECT

11. PHYLUM – ANNELIDA
• TRIPLOBLASTIC
• ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL OF ORGANISATION
• COELOMATES
• BILATERAL SYMMETRY
• THEY HAVE SEGMENTED BODY
• AQUATIC ANNELIDS LIKE NERIES HAVE PARAPODIA FOR
LOCOMOTION
• ANNELIDS HAVE CIRCULAR AND LONGITUDNAL MUSCLE FOR
LOCOMOTION
• CAN BE MONOCIOUS LIKE EARTHWORM AND DIOCIOUS LIKE
NERIES
• THEY CAN BE ACQUATIC, MARINE OR TERRESTRIAL
• THESE ORGANISMS HAVE NEPHRIDIA FOR OSMOREGULATION AND
EXCRETION

12. EXAMPLES OF ANNELIDS :
EARTHWORM(PHERETIMA ), NERIES ,
LEECH(HIRUDINARIA)

13. PHYLUM- ARTHROPODA
• IT IS LARGEST PHYLUM
• TRIPLOBLASTIC
• ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL OF ORGANISATION
• BILATERAL SYMMETRY
• COELOMATES
• THEY ARE COSMOPOLITANS
• THE BODY IS DICIDED INTO HEAD, THORAX AND
ABDOMEN

14. • SENSORY ORGANS ARE ANTENNAE , SIMPLE OR
COMPOUND EYES AND STATOSYTS
• EXRETION THROUGH MALPIGHIAN TUBE
• THEY ARE MOSTLY DIOECIOUS
• THESE ORGANISMS HAVE JOINTED LEGS
• DEVELOPMENT CAN BE DIRECT OR INDIRECT
• OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• RESPIRATORY ORGANS ARE GILLS , BOOK GILLS ,
BOOK LUNGS AND TRACHEAL SYSTEM

15. • EXAMPLES OF ORGANISMS UNDER
ARTHROPODA – LOCUST , COCKROACH ,
HONEY BEE , SILKWORM

16. PHYLUM- MOLLUSCA
• THIS IS SECOND LARGEST PHYLUM
• TRIPLOBLASTIC
• ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL OF ORGANISATION
• COELOMATES
• BILATERAL SYMMETRY
• THESE ORGANISMS HAVE INNER SOFT BODY BUT OUTER
HARD BODY
• BODY IS DIVIDED INTO MUSCULAR FOOT , VISCERAL HUMP
AND MUSCULAR FOOT
• HEAD HAS TANTACLES
• THESE ARE DIOECIOUS
• FILE LIKE RASPING ORGAN CALLED RADULES ARE PRESENT

17. • EXAMPLES OF MOLLUSCANS ; OCTOPUS , PILE
, CEPHALOPODS AND CUTTLEFISHES .

18. PHYLUM – ECHINODERMATA
• KNOWN AS ECHINODERMATA AS THEIR ENDO SKELETON IS
MADE UP OF CALCAREOUS OSSICLES
• TRIPLOBLASTIC
• ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL OF ORGANISATION
• COELOMATES
• BILATERAL SYMMETRY AT LARVAL STAGE AND RADIAL
SYMMETRY AT ADULT STAGE
• HEAD IS ABSENT
• EXCRETORY ORGAN IS ABSENT
• PRESENCE OF WATER VASCULAR SYSTEM
• DIOECIOUS
• EXAMPLES ; STARFISH ( ASTERIAS) , OPHIURA

19. PHYLUM – HEMICHORDATA
• TRIPLOBLASTIC
• ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL OF ORGANISATION
• BILATERAL SYMMETRY
• COELOMATES
• PRESENCE OF NOTOCHORD AT SOME STAGES OF LIFE
• THE BODY IS DIVIDED INTO PROBOSCIS , A COLLAR AND A
TRUNK
• EXCRETION THROUGH PROBOSCIS GLAND
• THEY ARE DIOECIOUS
• THEY HAVE CYLINDRICAL BODY
• EXAMPLE- BALANOGLOSSUS

20. PHYLUM – CHORDATA
• COLOMATES
• TRIPLOBLASTIC
• ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL OF ORGANISATION
• BILATERAL SYMMETRY
• HEART IS VENTRAL
• CNS IS DORSAL, HOLLOW AND SINGLE
• CHORDATES HAVE POST ANAL TAIL
• NOTOCHORD IS PRESENT
• PRESENCE OF PAIRED PHYRANGEAL GILL SLITS

21. • CHORDATES HAVE 3 SUB PHYLLUM;
1. UROCHORDATA: NOTOCHORD IS PRESENT AT LARVAL
STAGE
HERMOPHRODITE
2. CEPHALOCHORDATA ; NOTOCHORD IS PRESENT ALL OVER
THE LIFE
THEY ARE DIOECIOUS
3. VERTEBRATA ; NOTOCHORD AT EMBRYONIC STAGE AND
VERTEBRAL COLUMN AT ADULT STAGE

25. •THANK YOU SO MUCH