1. SEROLOGY AND
IMMUNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY :
PATRICIA CLARIZA SANTOS
VIRGIL DELGADO
PJ JUANICA
DIANNAH MANZANO
KC ACUBILLA
CHEMARIE TO-ONG
www.group4.

2. SEROLOG
Y
- is the study of blood
serum, which serum is
the clear fluid that
separates when blood
clots.
SERUM

3. IMMUNOLOG
Y
- is the study of the
body's immune system
and its functions and
disorders.

4. TEST PERFORMED IN SEROLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY:
Immunology test or assays usually determine tumor markers,
hormones, while serology determines the disease thru the
manifestations of immune complex.
TEST USES
Immunoglobins To determine the state of an
immunodeficiency and certain
cancers.
Rheumatoid factor To classify arthritis and diagnose
rheumatoid arthritis.
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory
(VDRL)
To diagnoses syphilis, which then must
be confirmed with a more specific test.
HLA Typing (Human leukocyte antigen To determine compatibility in organ
transplantation, to determine paternity
and to diagnose HLA-related disorders
Common immunology and serology tests:

5. CLASSIFICATIONS OF THE LABORATORY :
A. Primary
C. Tertiary
B.
Secondary

6. Immunology and serology laboratories focus on:
•identifying antibodies (proteins made by a type of white
blood cell in response to an antigen -- a foreign protein -- in
the body).
•investigating problems with the immune system such as
autoimmune diseases (when the body's immune system
turns on its own tissues) and immunodeficiency disorders
(when a body's immune system is underactive).
•determining organ compatibility for transplantation.

7. SPECIMEN COLLECTION:
Usually Serology and Immunology assays requires SERUM.
SERUM
But in D-dimer, it requires plasma,
Anti-coagulant should be trisodium
citrate with a ratio of 1:9 with the
whole blood.

8. D-
dimer

9. 2 types of ABO method:

11. FACILITIES:

12. Basic procedures in flow chart
form:
-Draw a parallelogram to indicate a step in the procedure which requires input,
such as material to be tested, or will produce output, such as a mixture.
-Connect each box, which represents an aspect of the procedure, to the
following box (or step) with a line. If you like, you can add arrows to the line to
show the direction of flow, although typically, a flow chart flows naturally from
the top down to the bottom. When you have lateral (or sideways) movement,
however, you might wish to add arrows for clarity.
-Use a basic rectangle for each of your straightforward processing steps in
which there is only one outcome that will lead to the next step.

13. -Connect to a diamond box when the step can produce more than one result.
Perhaps this is a testing phase in your laboratory procedure in which the
sample might test as positive or negative. (Or you might be testing for different
ranges of values). For each outcome, draw a line from this diamond box to start
a new branch of your flowchart. Label each branch with the outcome result,
such as "positive" and "negative.“
-Use a round circle to represent the stop or end of a procedure step. Perhaps
after a result comes up negative, there is no further testing. In this situation,
the line would lead to an end circle.

14. - Connect together parallelograms, rectangles, diamonds and circles
in whatever order your procedure dictates until all paths either end
at a circle or the path points back up to a previous step for situations
where you must go back and repeat the procedure. Once all
outcomes are covered, your laboratory procedure is completed.

15. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TEST
The significance and uses of the test performed is to aid the
doctor in ruling out and diagnosing the disease.
CONCLUSION:
Therefore we conclude, that this study should be more
focused and have the presence of determination in conducting every
single of test that being process to get result immediately and you
should be observant in every details in every examination of the
assays.

16. T
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