The document provides information on how to report speech in 3 sentences: Reported speech is used to report what another person said by changing the verb tenses and pronouns. Verbal tenses like present simple become past simple in reported speech, and pronouns change accordingly. Questions are reported by changing the verb tenses the same way and adding "if" when reporting questions that begin with "do", "can", etc.

1. REPORTED
SPEECH

2. REPORTED SPEECH
 Use reported speech to say what another person
said.
You’ll be fired…
He said (that) he
would be fired.

3. Direct speech Reported speech
“I love you” He said (that) he loved her.
“I want to see you again” He told her (that) he wanted to see
her again.
“I can help you.” He said (that) he could help me.
“I’ll phone you” He told me (that) he would phone
me.
“I met a girl.” He told me (that) he had met a girl.
“I’ve broken my leg” He said (that) he had broken his leg.

4. REMEMBER THE CHANGES:
Verbal:
DIRECT REPORTED
Simple present Simple past
Present continuous Past continuous
Present perfect Past perfect
Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous
Simple past Past perfect
Simple future Simple conditional
Simple conditional Conditional perfect
Can Could
May Might
Must Had to

5. Other changes:
DIRECT REPORTED
This That
These Those
Here There
Now Then
Today That day
Yesterday The day before
Tomorrow The next day
Last (…) The (…) before
Next (…) The following (…)
Ago Before

6.  That is optional after say and tell
 Pronouns also change in the reported speech:
“I’m coming.”
She told me (that) she was coming

7. BE CAREFUL:
 You can use said or told in the reported speech,
but they are used differently:
 You can’t use said with an object pronoun.
He told her he loved her NOT He said(x) her he loved her.
 You MUST use told with an object.
He told her he loved her NOT He told he(x) loved her.

8. REPORTED QUESTIONS
 In reported questions:
 The tenses change in exactly the same way as in
sentences;
 We don’t use do/ did.
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
“Do you want to dance?” He asked her if she
wanted to dance.
“Where do you live?” He asked her where she
lived.

9.  If the question starts with do, can, etc., add if.
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
“Do you like the music?” He asked her if she liked
the music.
“Can you sing?” She asked him if he could
sing.
 The word order is subject + verb
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
“Are you a student?” He asked her if she was a
student.
“Have you seen the She asked him if he had
film?” seen the film.

10. STUDY A LOT!
AND DON’T CHEAT!