This document discusses renewable energy integrated microgrids for rural electrification in developing countries like Bangladesh. It analyzes four configurations of microgrid systems with different combinations of biomass generators, solar home systems, and small wind turbines to determine the optimal design. Case 3, with a 10kW biomass generator, 25 solar home systems totaling 2.5kW of solar, and 2 small wind turbines producing a combined 2kW, is identified as the most economical solution for a community of 50 households and small businesses. The system would obtain 78% of its energy from biomass, 13% from solar, and 9% from wind.
Integration Planning and Operation Scheduling of Distribution Generation for ...IJERA Editor
Use of distributed renewable energy sources for domestic energy consumption will increase in near future due to
its advantages as being clean and infinite energy generation possibility. This trend allows more efficient energy
consumption because of reducing distribution losses and dependence of domestic appliances to grid distribution.
Electrical energy is an essential ingredient for the development of a nation. In this paper, it is proposed grid
connected solar PV without and with battery at domestic level to minimize the load on live grid during peak
time, excess power export to the grid when the PV generation is more compared to connected load and increase
the participation of renewable energy sources in our daily energy consumption. The decision support program
enables the consumer to implement the most efficient electricity management strategy while achieving the goal
of minimizing the electricity bill and to supply the quality power. The cost of investment and payback periods
are computed for PV system using cost benefit analysis
Large scale grid amalgamation of renewable energy sources in indian power systemIjrdt Journal
Renewable energy sources integrated to utility grid always depends on the rate of power generation. Large scale power generations are connected to transmission systems where as small scale distributed power generation is connected to distribution systems. There are certain challenges and issues in the integration of both types of systems directly.
The plans for the development of electricity from renewable energy sources cause three major challenges. Firstly, renewable change the geographical distribution of generation centres compared to the load centres. Secondly, a share of the renewable will be connected to distribution grids and will thus change the vertical distribution of generation. Thirdly, wind and solar energy are two dominant technologies which depend directly on the natural supply of renewable energy and thus are variable and intermittent energy sources. This report addresses the most relevant measures which can be taken in order to deal with these challenges. This paper presents a review in the issues, challenges, causes, impacts and utilization of renewable energy sources Grid Integration.
Renewable Energy Power Projects for Rural Electrification in IndiaMohit Sharma
As demand for energy is increasing around the world & in India, there is a positive growth trend coming in the renewable energy sector also. There are many rural and remote areas which are energy deficient.
Private companies are encouraged by Government creating opportunities by various governmental schemes like Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojna, Distributed Decentralized Generation and support in finance, distribution, technology, land, etc. As every area has its dynamics and differs from others in terms of topography, density of population and energy needs, there is a need of study for specific features related to a region (like a cluster of 19 villages in Gaya, Bihar requiring about 750kw Plant studied here) with the help of surveys, financial tools and earlier standards. Other renewable sources and areas are also covered in the book. The confidential information is edited-redacted.
Feasibility Study on Battery Energy Storage System for Mini gridijtsrd
Mini grids defined as a set of electricity generators and battery energy storage system is connected between the load side and the source side. A key feature of mini grids is that they can operate autonomously with no connection to a centralized grid. Gaw Cho village, Sagaing Division, Myanmar is selected because of the higher potential of solar energy. This paper presents the unbalance condition between the load side and the source side because the solar energy is changing under weather condition. Diesel generator is used as a backup system for this proposed area but the operation of the fuel cost increased for long term period. Here, battery energy storage system is used as a secondary supplier to balance between them. This paper focus on to used HOMER software for pointing out the result outcome not be oversizing the system requirement. Using real time data, storage characteristics and HOMER simulations, optimal sizing for both approaches were established. A well design min grid offered available tool for the rural electrification system. Nang Saw Yuzana Kyaing | June Tharaphe Lwin | Chris Tie Lin "Feasibility Study on Battery Energy Storage System for Mini-grid " Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27863.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27863/feasibility-study-on-battery-energy-storage-system-for-mini-grid-/nang-saw-yuzana-kyaing
Energy Management through Bio-gas Based Electricity Generation System during ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The scarcity of energy especially electrical energy is an acute problem and hinders the modern
economic development of a country. Most of the time only a small percentage of peoples have access to
use continuous electricity supply. But in this modern era, all types of arena like economies, households
and companies have extensive demand for electricity which is due to industrializat ion, extensive
urbanization, population growth, rising standard of living and modernization of the agricultural sector of a
country. Electricity generation from bio-gas plant through cowdungs of a dairy firm can mitigate the
electricity demand to some extends in rural areas, where biogas plant will act act as a backup supply
especially during load shedding. This research paper proposed an electricity generation system from bio -
gas, which can work as a secondary source of the electricity for all electrical appliances of a particular area
in a cost effective manner.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Integration Planning and Operation Scheduling of Distribution Generation for ...IJERA Editor
Use of distributed renewable energy sources for domestic energy consumption will increase in near future due to
its advantages as being clean and infinite energy generation possibility. This trend allows more efficient energy
consumption because of reducing distribution losses and dependence of domestic appliances to grid distribution.
Electrical energy is an essential ingredient for the development of a nation. In this paper, it is proposed grid
connected solar PV without and with battery at domestic level to minimize the load on live grid during peak
time, excess power export to the grid when the PV generation is more compared to connected load and increase
the participation of renewable energy sources in our daily energy consumption. The decision support program
enables the consumer to implement the most efficient electricity management strategy while achieving the goal
of minimizing the electricity bill and to supply the quality power. The cost of investment and payback periods
are computed for PV system using cost benefit analysis
Large scale grid amalgamation of renewable energy sources in indian power systemIjrdt Journal
Renewable energy sources integrated to utility grid always depends on the rate of power generation. Large scale power generations are connected to transmission systems where as small scale distributed power generation is connected to distribution systems. There are certain challenges and issues in the integration of both types of systems directly.
The plans for the development of electricity from renewable energy sources cause three major challenges. Firstly, renewable change the geographical distribution of generation centres compared to the load centres. Secondly, a share of the renewable will be connected to distribution grids and will thus change the vertical distribution of generation. Thirdly, wind and solar energy are two dominant technologies which depend directly on the natural supply of renewable energy and thus are variable and intermittent energy sources. This report addresses the most relevant measures which can be taken in order to deal with these challenges. This paper presents a review in the issues, challenges, causes, impacts and utilization of renewable energy sources Grid Integration.
Renewable Energy Power Projects for Rural Electrification in IndiaMohit Sharma
As demand for energy is increasing around the world & in India, there is a positive growth trend coming in the renewable energy sector also. There are many rural and remote areas which are energy deficient.
Private companies are encouraged by Government creating opportunities by various governmental schemes like Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojna, Distributed Decentralized Generation and support in finance, distribution, technology, land, etc. As every area has its dynamics and differs from others in terms of topography, density of population and energy needs, there is a need of study for specific features related to a region (like a cluster of 19 villages in Gaya, Bihar requiring about 750kw Plant studied here) with the help of surveys, financial tools and earlier standards. Other renewable sources and areas are also covered in the book. The confidential information is edited-redacted.
Feasibility Study on Battery Energy Storage System for Mini gridijtsrd
Mini grids defined as a set of electricity generators and battery energy storage system is connected between the load side and the source side. A key feature of mini grids is that they can operate autonomously with no connection to a centralized grid. Gaw Cho village, Sagaing Division, Myanmar is selected because of the higher potential of solar energy. This paper presents the unbalance condition between the load side and the source side because the solar energy is changing under weather condition. Diesel generator is used as a backup system for this proposed area but the operation of the fuel cost increased for long term period. Here, battery energy storage system is used as a secondary supplier to balance between them. This paper focus on to used HOMER software for pointing out the result outcome not be oversizing the system requirement. Using real time data, storage characteristics and HOMER simulations, optimal sizing for both approaches were established. A well design min grid offered available tool for the rural electrification system. Nang Saw Yuzana Kyaing | June Tharaphe Lwin | Chris Tie Lin "Feasibility Study on Battery Energy Storage System for Mini-grid " Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27863.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27863/feasibility-study-on-battery-energy-storage-system-for-mini-grid-/nang-saw-yuzana-kyaing
Energy Management through Bio-gas Based Electricity Generation System during ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The scarcity of energy especially electrical energy is an acute problem and hinders the modern
economic development of a country. Most of the time only a small percentage of peoples have access to
use continuous electricity supply. But in this modern era, all types of arena like economies, households
and companies have extensive demand for electricity which is due to industrializat ion, extensive
urbanization, population growth, rising standard of living and modernization of the agricultural sector of a
country. Electricity generation from bio-gas plant through cowdungs of a dairy firm can mitigate the
electricity demand to some extends in rural areas, where biogas plant will act act as a backup supply
especially during load shedding. This research paper proposed an electricity generation system from bio -
gas, which can work as a secondary source of the electricity for all electrical appliances of a particular area
in a cost effective manner.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Performance Analysis of Autonomous Hybrid Distributed Generation Based on Typ...ijtsrd
It is undeniable fact that even though fossil fuels are likely more to fulfill the requirements of energy, the rare of natural resources and their harmful contents for the environment have directed people to search for new energy sources like renewable resources such as hydropower, biomass, wind, solar and other types of clean energy. In order to highlight the proposed methodology, PV Diesel generator DG with battery energy system BESS based on two typical control strategies, load following LF control strategy and cycle charging CC control strategy, have been analyzed by using HOMER Software to supply the Makyiyay village which is located at 22.02 north latitude and 96.56 east longitude in the Naungkhyo Township, Southern Shan State in Myanmar. The yearly average solar radiation of that area is 4.895kWh m2 day and it is very important to prepare a proper load data to meet the current situation of the target village which has 45 household numbers. By calculating the total load demand, the peak demand of that proposed village is 34kW. The fractions of energy production from PV array and diesel generator of the proposed PV Diesel BESS hybrid system using LF control strategy are 60 and 40 to meet the demand. Moreover, the proposed hybrid system based on LF control strategy provides the lowest TNPC, COE and carbon emission than the hybrid system based on CC control strategy according to the evaluation results. In contrast, the analysis of evaluation results shows that the PV Diesel ESS based on LF control choice is more economically possible than that system based on CC control. Phyu Phyu Win | Zin Mar "Performance Analysis of Autonomous Hybrid Distributed Generation Based on Typical Control Strategies for Rural Electrification in Myanmar" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26695.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/26695/performance-analysis-of-autonomous-hybrid-distributed-generation-based-on-typical-control-strategies-for-rural-electrification-in-myanmar/phyu-phyu-win
Modelling and Simulation of Grid-Connected Solar-Hydro based Hybrid Power Systemijtsrd
In this paper DC linked, grid connected solar/hydro hybrid system is modelled and simulated. A control scheme is developed for solar and hydro system for variable solar irradiance and variable load. Synchronous generator based hydro system is used to feed bulk of the power and whenever solar irradiance is available solar system along with hydro system and grid supply to the load. The performance analysis of the proposed HES and its power management strategy has been done using the simulink toolboxes of MATLAB software. The proposed system consists PV system hydro system, battery and grid. In some remote/rural areas, it is very difficult to satisfy the demand of electrical power throughout the year with the power grid. In such areas, the power requirement can be fulfilled by renewable energy system such as hydro or PV system. Either the hydro system or PV system is not capable of supplying power requirement throughout the year as both systems are intermittent. Hence, the judicious combination of hydro and PV system has been modeled for electrification. The power management strategy is modeled to manage the power flow of the energy systems to fulfill the load demand. The presented results clearly show that the proposed HES and its control strategy are suitable for implementation in remote/rural areas. Karan Sapotra"Modelling and Simulation of Grid-Connected Solar-Hydro based Hybrid Power System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12954.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/12954/modelling-and-simulation-of-grid-connected-solar-hydro-based-hybrid-power-system/karan-sapotra
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A comparative approach between different optimize result in hybrid energy sys...IJECEIAES
To compare the different result of optimization of a hybrid energy system. A hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is the combination of renewable and non-renewable sources which is playing a very important role for rural area electrification when grid extension is not possible or excessively expensive. Non renewable sources like diesel power generator (optional) are used in a HRES for backup when renewable energy supply is not sufficient. While the HRES is very important due to the smallest natural and physical contact compared to non renewable sources, this work proposed a comparison outcome with the help of different component by using HOMER software and get best optimize result for the model. This paper presents a wide-ranging review of various aspects of HRES. This paper discusses study, best sizing, and model, organize aspect and reliability issue.
Jyoti Gram Yojana and Rural electrification in north eastern states of indiaASHISH SINGH
This Presentation is covers the Jyoti Gram Yojana of Gujarat State and how we can implement JGY for rural electrification in North Eastern States of India
Hybrid power generation using renewable energy sources for domestic purposesIAEME Publication
This paper will describe a hybrid system for generating dispatchable electric power using
wind, solar and hydro energy combined together for domestic purposes and storage. The essential
subsystems include vertical axis wind turbines solar panel and a pico-hydro system. This hybrid
power generation system will be particularly useful in charging batteries, lighting up of CFL, playing
of radio. This hybrid wind / solar/hydro system would be a more economical means for achieving
zero-emission, firm, dispatchable capacity than independent construction of wind and solar plant or a
pico- hydro plant generating system.
Perspective of biodiesel & solar pv as a combined renewable energy system...eSAT Journals
Abstract The power generation method is more over traditional and supply of electricity is decentralized which is considered a single line technology based on limited supply devoid of considering rural consumer’s point of view. The main aspect of this paper is to propose the best possible outcome as a combined power system for rural electrification from a combination of renewable resources to complete the electrical demands in a consistent manner of an off grid remote village Bakri, in the district of Jhenaidah, Bangladesh. Renewable energy resources namely solar photovoltaic cell and bio-diesel generators are considered here. The paper estimates the residential demand in the pre HOMER analysis. Using simulation software named HOMER scrutinizes the maximum outcome. It also clarifies that our proposed combine power system is cost effective techno-economically & environmentally sound and last but not the least sustainable. Here HOMER observes a number of simulations and gives us a set of systems for rural electrification requirement of 147 kWh/d and 10kW peak load. Keywords: Rural electrification, Combined Power System, HOMER, Bio-fuel generator, Solar PV.
Performance Analysis of Autonomous Hybrid Distributed Generation Based on Typ...ijtsrd
It is undeniable fact that even though fossil fuels are likely more to fulfill the requirements of energy, the rare of natural resources and their harmful contents for the environment have directed people to search for new energy sources like renewable resources such as hydropower, biomass, wind, solar and other types of clean energy. In order to highlight the proposed methodology, PV Diesel generator DG with battery energy system BESS based on two typical control strategies, load following LF control strategy and cycle charging CC control strategy, have been analyzed by using HOMER Software to supply the Makyiyay village which is located at 22.02 north latitude and 96.56 east longitude in the Naungkhyo Township, Southern Shan State in Myanmar. The yearly average solar radiation of that area is 4.895kWh m2 day and it is very important to prepare a proper load data to meet the current situation of the target village which has 45 household numbers. By calculating the total load demand, the peak demand of that proposed village is 34kW. The fractions of energy production from PV array and diesel generator of the proposed PV Diesel BESS hybrid system using LF control strategy are 60 and 40 to meet the demand. Moreover, the proposed hybrid system based on LF control strategy provides the lowest TNPC, COE and carbon emission than the hybrid system based on CC control strategy according to the evaluation results. In contrast, the analysis of evaluation results shows that the PV Diesel ESS based on LF control choice is more economically possible than that system based on CC control. Phyu Phyu Win | Zin Mar "Performance Analysis of Autonomous Hybrid Distributed Generation Based on Typical Control Strategies for Rural Electrification in Myanmar" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26695.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/26695/performance-analysis-of-autonomous-hybrid-distributed-generation-based-on-typical-control-strategies-for-rural-electrification-in-myanmar/phyu-phyu-win
Modelling and Simulation of Grid-Connected Solar-Hydro based Hybrid Power Systemijtsrd
In this paper DC linked, grid connected solar/hydro hybrid system is modelled and simulated. A control scheme is developed for solar and hydro system for variable solar irradiance and variable load. Synchronous generator based hydro system is used to feed bulk of the power and whenever solar irradiance is available solar system along with hydro system and grid supply to the load. The performance analysis of the proposed HES and its power management strategy has been done using the simulink toolboxes of MATLAB software. The proposed system consists PV system hydro system, battery and grid. In some remote/rural areas, it is very difficult to satisfy the demand of electrical power throughout the year with the power grid. In such areas, the power requirement can be fulfilled by renewable energy system such as hydro or PV system. Either the hydro system or PV system is not capable of supplying power requirement throughout the year as both systems are intermittent. Hence, the judicious combination of hydro and PV system has been modeled for electrification. The power management strategy is modeled to manage the power flow of the energy systems to fulfill the load demand. The presented results clearly show that the proposed HES and its control strategy are suitable for implementation in remote/rural areas. Karan Sapotra"Modelling and Simulation of Grid-Connected Solar-Hydro based Hybrid Power System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12954.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/12954/modelling-and-simulation-of-grid-connected-solar-hydro-based-hybrid-power-system/karan-sapotra
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A comparative approach between different optimize result in hybrid energy sys...IJECEIAES
To compare the different result of optimization of a hybrid energy system. A hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is the combination of renewable and non-renewable sources which is playing a very important role for rural area electrification when grid extension is not possible or excessively expensive. Non renewable sources like diesel power generator (optional) are used in a HRES for backup when renewable energy supply is not sufficient. While the HRES is very important due to the smallest natural and physical contact compared to non renewable sources, this work proposed a comparison outcome with the help of different component by using HOMER software and get best optimize result for the model. This paper presents a wide-ranging review of various aspects of HRES. This paper discusses study, best sizing, and model, organize aspect and reliability issue.
Jyoti Gram Yojana and Rural electrification in north eastern states of indiaASHISH SINGH
This Presentation is covers the Jyoti Gram Yojana of Gujarat State and how we can implement JGY for rural electrification in North Eastern States of India
Hybrid power generation using renewable energy sources for domestic purposesIAEME Publication
This paper will describe a hybrid system for generating dispatchable electric power using
wind, solar and hydro energy combined together for domestic purposes and storage. The essential
subsystems include vertical axis wind turbines solar panel and a pico-hydro system. This hybrid
power generation system will be particularly useful in charging batteries, lighting up of CFL, playing
of radio. This hybrid wind / solar/hydro system would be a more economical means for achieving
zero-emission, firm, dispatchable capacity than independent construction of wind and solar plant or a
pico- hydro plant generating system.
Perspective of biodiesel & solar pv as a combined renewable energy system...eSAT Journals
Abstract The power generation method is more over traditional and supply of electricity is decentralized which is considered a single line technology based on limited supply devoid of considering rural consumer’s point of view. The main aspect of this paper is to propose the best possible outcome as a combined power system for rural electrification from a combination of renewable resources to complete the electrical demands in a consistent manner of an off grid remote village Bakri, in the district of Jhenaidah, Bangladesh. Renewable energy resources namely solar photovoltaic cell and bio-diesel generators are considered here. The paper estimates the residential demand in the pre HOMER analysis. Using simulation software named HOMER scrutinizes the maximum outcome. It also clarifies that our proposed combine power system is cost effective techno-economically & environmentally sound and last but not the least sustainable. Here HOMER observes a number of simulations and gives us a set of systems for rural electrification requirement of 147 kWh/d and 10kW peak load. Keywords: Rural electrification, Combined Power System, HOMER, Bio-fuel generator, Solar PV.
Processor module based on ADSP-BF609 - solution for video and audio data processing systems development and for the systems with specialized algorithms of the digital processing of signals
Modelling and Simulation of Energy Storage System for Grid-Connected Wind-PV ...ijtsrd
In this paper, a grid connected hybrid power system comprising wind and solar based renewable energy sources RERs is proposed. As these RERs are intermittent and random in nature, so a backup source is needed for smoothening the fluctuations in RERs output power. Battery energy storage BESS is proposed for this purpose. The electrical grid of the example represents a typical Utility distribution system. It consists of a 120-kV transmission system equivalent supplying a 25-kV distribution substation. Several feeders are connected to the 25-kV bus of the substation. One of them supplies the power to a community that owns the PV farm and an energy storage system. The grounding transformer connected at the 25-kV bus provides a neutral point and limits the overvoltage on the healthy phases during a single-phase fault. Its zero-sequence impedance is three times the value of the grid positive sequence impedance. Ajaz Ul Haq "Modelling and Simulation of Energy Storage System for Grid-Connected Wind-PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19048.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/19048/modelling-and-simulation-of-energy-storage-system-for-grid-connected-wind-pv-system/ajaz-ul-haq
Reactive Power Sharing Droop Control Strategy for DG Units in an Islanded Mic...IJMTST Journal
The proposed method mainly includes two important operations: error reduction operation and voltage
recovery operation. The sharing accuracy is improved by the sharing error reduction operation, which is
activated by the low-bandwidth synchronization signals. However, the error reduction operation will result in
a decrease in output voltage amplitude. Therefore, the voltage recovery operation is proposed to compensate
the decrease., due to increasing the demand of electricity as well as rapid depletion of fossil fuels, and the
government policies on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions , renewable energy technologies are more
attractive and various types of distributed generation sources, such as wind turbine generators and solar
photo voltaic panels are being connected to low-voltage distribution networks. Micro grid is an integrated
system that contain in s distributed generation sources, control systems, load management, energy storage
and communication infrastructure capability to work in both grid connected and island mode to optimize
energy usage. The paper presents a advanced control technique for a micro grid system which works
efficiently under a decentralized control system.
At present, solar energy is perceived to be one of the world’s contributive energy sources. Holding characteristics such as inexhaustible and non-polluting, making it as the most prominent among renewable energy (RE) sources. The application of the solar energy has been well-developed and used for electricity generation through Photovoltaic (PV) as the harvesting medium. PV cells convert heat from the sun directly into the electricity to power up the electric loads. Solar PV system is commonly built in a rural area where it cannot be powered up by the utility grid due to location constrains. In order to avoid the electricity fluctuation because of unsteady amount of solar radiation, PV solar hybrid is the efficient solution for rural electrifications. This paper presents a review on optimised Hybrid Solar-PV Diesel system configurations installed and used to power up off grid settlements at various locations worldwide.
The development of a country is dependent on the per person energy consumption rate, which is very low
in Bangladesh. Bangladesh installed a capacity of 10416 MW electricity on June 2014 and three fourth of
which is considered to be accessible. Near about 45% people has no access to electricity. Therefore,
electricity shortage is an acute crisis in Bangladesh. As Saint Martin Island is far away from the main
land, it is almost impossible and cost ineffective to supply electricity from the national grid. For
connection of nearly 6000 peoples of Saint Martin to the main stream of development and to make this
island more attractive to the tourists, it is very essential to provide electricity for them. Power generation
by combining solar, wind and diesel, known as hybrid system can be the most efficient technique for the
electrification of these types of Island. Based on this principle, in this paper a hybrid system is designed
for electrification of Saint Martin’s Island. In the analysis, realistic data is used for load calculation and
optimization analysis for most effective solution. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable
(HOMER) software is used to find out the final optimization and sensitive analysis of hybrid system. This
system satisfies the load demand and reduces carbon emission which will help to generate green energy.
Improving Efficiency of Power Systems by Demand Side Management Method IJECEIAES
In the smart grid infrastructure based power systems, it is necessary to consider the demand side management to enhance the energy reduction and system control. In many countries the resources are very less so the available resources have to be used in an efficient manner without any loss. The total loss cannot be avoided but it can be reduced. In the proposed system, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is used to distribute the power in the smart grid. Here, the grids are arranged in such a way that the losses in it are reduced. The load connected to the grid is rearranged according to their use. It uses a new and stochastic scheduling technique to handle the uncertainties in the power system. Solar and wind power are taken in account for twenty four hours and the values are given to the PSO algorithm. The experiment was conducted by MATLAB and the results show that the efficiency level of wind and solar power systems was increased by an appreciable level. The proposed technique is compared with the normal system without using Demand Side Management (DSM) and it shows that the proposed system gives better results than the existing systems.
Improving Efficiency of Power Systems by Demand Side Management Method Yayah Zakaria
In the smart grid infrastructure based power systems, it is necessary to consider the demand side management to enhance the energy reduction and system control. In many countries the resources are very less so the available
resources have to be used in an efficient manner without any loss. The total loss cannot be avoided but it can be reduced. In the proposed system, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is used to distribute the power in the smart grid. Here, the grids are arranged in such a way that the losses in it are reduced. The load connected to the grid is rearranged according to their use. It uses a new and stochastic scheduling technique to handle the uncertainties in the power system. Solar and wind power are taken in account for twenty four hours and the values are given to the PSO algorithm. The experiment was conducted by MATLAB and the results show that the efficiency level of wind and solar power systems was increased by an appreciable level. The proposed technique is compared with the normal system without using Demand Side Management (DSM) and it shows that the proposed system gives better results than the existing systems.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Renewable Energy Integrated Microgrid for Rural Electrification and Productive use
1. Renewable Energy Integrated Microgrid for
Rural Electrification and Productive use
Muhammad Taheruzzaman
BTU-Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus
taher.tum@gmail.com
adfa, p. 1, 2011.
Renewable Energy Integrated Microgrid for Rural
Electrification and Productive use
Muhammad Taheruzzaman
BTU-Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus
taher.tum@gmail.com
Abstract. Electric power crisis is one of the major problems in developing
countries, and Bangladesh is one of them. The breach between demand and
supply is increasing disturbingly. Yet 52 % of the total population has no access
to electricity in Bangladesh, and 75 % of them are the rural and isolated
community. This paper addresses the renewable energy integrated small-scale
power system for rural electrification in the developing countries like
Bangladesh. This paper also concentrates on optimal design, sizing, and
planning of distributed generation sources. Investigating the optimum design
and sizing of generation unit for reliable and cost effective operation of
microgrid; four different configurations including only biomass generator,
biomass, PV/wind mix system, and further planning the main grid can also
connect take into account. Lastly, technical and economic feasibility and
optimization compared for both standalone and grid connected system for the
community based electrification.
Keywords: DC Microgrid (DC-MG), solar home system (SHS), renewable
energy, rural electrification.
1 Introduction
The global energy system trends have been struggling against global warming
petrifyingly since surface temperature is also rising, the transition of energy system
transform to a fully sustainable based local renewable sources would be a great
solution to protect the environment. To increase about 124 % of renewable energy and
209% of biofuel by 2020, cut off half of greenhouse gasses by 2050 [1]. At present,
1.2 billion of total global population, which means around 20 % of total population
have no access to electricity, South Asian countries accounts for 37% of the world's
population without access to electricity [2]. The gap between demand and supply is
increasing petrifyingly, due to high population growth in Bangladesh, the demand of
electrical power increases and number of people are living in energy poverty, despite
a continued positive efforts experienced for electrification across all over the
Bangladesh [3]. Approximately less than 60 % of the overall population in the
c○ M. Kr´atk´y, J. Dvorsk´y, P. Moravec (Eds.): WOFEX 2016, pp. 549–556.
VˇSB – Technical University of Ostrava, FEECS, 2016, ISBN 978-80-248-3961-5.
2. 550 Muhammad Taheruzzaman
developing countries have access to electricity, whereas urban electrification 80 %
and about 15-25 % of rural areas are electrified. support rural electrification efforts by
the respective country governments including use of renewable energy technologies
including PV, wind, and biomass. Despite the continuous efforts of the international
community and governments throughout the world, the pace of rural electrification in
many developing countries is still very slow [4]. Rural electrification typically poses
more challenges than urban electrification in terms of policy, finance, and institutional
setup because of its distinct features. While the initial solution for rural electrification
can be spreading the main grid by extending the transmission line, but some instance
not technically and economically possible [5]. It is commonly agreed that to meet the
present demand is the burden for natural gas and other conventional fossil fuels,
integration of local renewable sources such as solar PV, small wind turbine (SWT),
and biomass would be the alternate source of energy. Furthermore, the isolated and
remote areas, RES distributed sources are being significantly recognized as cost-
effective sources [6]. The remote areas, higher transmission line losses, and higher
cost of transmission lines are encouraging to use of distributed renewable energy.
With declining the cost of PV and increasing the performance of small wind turbine
(SWT), in addition to improvement of the technologies including control system, and
storage system, standalone renewable integrated system significantly enhances its
stride [7]. Due to geographical location country like Bangladesh is blessed to
generates PV and wind energy based electricity, unremitting deterioration of the
prices and soft loan arrangement by state owned organization Infrastructure and
Development Company Limited (IDCOL) of Bangladesh already installed 3.2 million
solar home system (SHS) by 2014 and extent the number of 6 million by 2017
through installing 50,000 SHS each month [8].
2 System Description
The community based µ-grid consisting of small scale biomass-fueled generator,
distributed micro generation unit including PV system, and small wind turbine
(SWT). The distributed micro generation sources are being well popular in the
developing eventually in the isolated community from the utility network. For
enhancing rural electrification and access to electricity µ-grid would be the best
possible solution. The concept of community based µ -grid which acknowledges
integrating distributed µ-generator sources to the low voltage (LV) distributed
network [9]. The proposed system where PV system is considered as several solar
home systems (SHSs) connected to the system as distributed µ-generation sources and
defined as prosumers1
, SWT and biomass fueled generator shows in fig.1 . The choice
of generator is driven by the need and local conditions at the target to end user,
keeping in mind that the system integration should have a good balance of being most
efficient, reliable, cost-effective, socially beneficial, least polluting and sustainable in
1 Solar home system (SHS) integrated microgrid; where SHS act as feed electricity into the microgrid and consumer electricity as well
3. Renewable Energy Integrated Microgrid. . . 551
the long run. In developing countries hybrid renewable integrated system have a
particular strong relevance in improving the quality of life, especially among rural
communities. The electric load in the system considered in DC, including households’
appliances, irrigation pumps, rice husking machine, cold storage refrigeration system.
The biomass-fueled generator is the primary main source of energy and SHS and
wind turbine used for an additional source for electricity to meet the base load of the
system, and utilize the use of cost free fuels.
Fig. 1. Proposed Community based DC-MG
3 Model Assumption and Input
3.1 Electric Load
The fig.1, representation of a hypothetical load profile of a community in Bangladesh.
The proposed system, the community households consumed 70 kWh per day with
maximum peak 15 kW at the evening. The demand data is synthetic and 5% day to
day variation considered, and Homer tool randomly inducements the daily
perturbation factor in the very hour. Bangladesh is a tropical country as winter
demand is comparatively lower than the other seasons.
3.2 Productive Usable Load
The productive load considered as Irrigation pump operates between 7:00 to 11:00
each day from October to March. A small size community based cold storage working
for 24 hours a day with the capacity of .8 kW and a rice husking mills peak load 1.3
kW and operates 8 hours a day except the weekend. Total consumption including
households and productive loads 36,885 kWh per year.
3.3 Local Renewable Potential
The solar irritation profile of kaptai, Chittagong (26°26´ N, 96°16´ E) assume for
this work. Solar radiation data is taken from the NASA surface metrology and solar
4. 552 Muhammad Taheruzzaman
energy2
. The proposed location monthly average solar radiation 4.63 kWh/m2/day.
The monthly average wind energy 5.79 m/s respectively. Biomass combustion has
68-79 % efficiency depending on fuel moisture content, and combustor design, and
combustion operation [10]. The community food waste, crops, leafs, and animal
manure to generate biogas that landfill avoided which reduces methane potential
damage the atmosphere [11]. The local cows and buffalos roughly produced 10
kg/day, and approximately 60 % of Agricultural residues, 30 % of animal waste
and poultry and 10 % of others average biomass production. The average biomass
production = 2.04 tons/day.
3.4 Community Based Battery Storage System
The proposed system where comply the meet the load and supply, a community
based battery storage is recommended. As the distribution system defined as 12 V, the
battery nominal voltage 12 V has considered as the terminal voltage. The nominal
capacity of each battery assumes 1 kWh, and maximum capacity 80 Ah. Initial state
of charge 100% and minimum charge 40% considered for the system optimization.
4 Result and Comparison of various cases
In this section, four difference cases according to system configurations for analyze
all assumptions and constrains for the favorable optimal design option for MG
planning as shows in table 1. The first case assumes as an isolated network system fed
by a biomass generator. However, the system capital investment is very high
installation, operation and maintenance cost, though the fuel cost not so expensive as
compare to other traditional fossil fuel such as diesel or furnace oil system. In case-2
the system configures along with number of SHS, SWT, and biomass fueled
generator, while case-1 only biomass dependent system, and case-3 is also mixed fuel
based configuration but number of SHS increases from 20 to 25 (i.e. PV system
capacity increases to 2.5 kW). The case-3 configuration mainly instigates from
bottom up swarm electrification concept, where the surplus electricity can be supply
to the new users without interrupting present participants. Finally, case-4 assumes
similar to case-3 but operates grid connected mode, and the MG system operation
adopt to purchase electricity from the grid and sell back surplus unit to the grid.
Designing and planning of optimal MG system for rural electrification different
configuration taking into account. The main objectives of these interpretation finding
the least-cost, self-dependent system, effective use of biomass and other renewable
sources for renewable contribution.
2 HOMER Analysis https://analysis.nrel.gov/homer/.
5. Renewable Energy Integrated Microgrid. . . 553
Table 1: Summary of different configurations for optimal studies
Cases Description of various scheme
case-1 Biomass fueled generator
case-2 Renewable mixed: Biomass generator, SWT, SHSs
case-3 renewable mixed: increase capacity of PV
case-4 Grid Connected with DC-MG: allow purchase and sellback
The first configuration (case-1) consists of only a 15 kW biomass generator which
operates 6423 hours and produces 38,791 kWh per year. The produced electricity is
not only meeting the total demand of community loads including households but also
productive use, and 139 kWh of excess electricity produces. The precise design can
be optimized with 12 battery integrate within the system. While case-2, renewable
mixed system cogitates along with 10 kW biomass generator, 2.0 kW PV (i.e. 20
SHS), 2 SWT (turbine capacity 1 kW each). The mixed fuel system all together
produces 38,440 kWh per year, alone biomass generator produces 31,000 kWh by
operates 4852 hours every year, aside the 20 SHSs and 2 SWT produces 3,197 kWh,
and 4,274 kWh respectively. The total production of electricity for case-2 shows in
fig. 2(a), and the PV system and SWT operates roughly 4400 hours and 4700 hours
respectively per year for each case.
Fig. 2. Electricity Production in MG (a) case-2 and (b) case-3
The renewable mixed fuel MG in case-3 configures along 10 kW biomass generator,
2.5 kW PV system (25 SHS system), and 2 kW SWT, where the biomass generator
operates 4791 hours and generates 31,657 kWh, and SWT produces same as previous
configuration 4,274 kWh per year. As the number of SHS has considered in case-3,
production increases to 3,990 kWh. In case-3 total production 39,921, kWh per year
by the renewable mixed fuel system, the biomass, wind energy, and PV contributes
78%, 9%, and 13% individually shows in figure 2(b).
In case-4 consisting also of 2.5 kW PV (25 SHSs), 2 SWT, and capacity of biomass
generator similar as the previous cases 10kW. Among all together these sources
produce 51,148 kWh per year; while 6.5 % by PV, 8.5% by SWT, 72% by the
generator, and 13% from grid purchase shows in fig. 3(2), and the system surplus
electricity can be selling back to the grid shows in fig.3(b). The case wise comparison
among various cases precisely present in table 2, biomass generator fuel
consumptions and operational hours for different cases present in table 3.
6. 554 Muhammad Taheruzzaman
Fig. 3. Case - 4 (a) electricity Production (b) Average monthly grid purchase and sell back
The case-3 and case-4 are the most economical possible solution for optimal
configuration. However, among all the configurations holds over 85% of renewable
penetration, case-4 (grid extension cost of capital not considered) is one of the
cheapest as the NPC, Levelized cost of economic (LCOE), and operating costs are
comparatively lower than any other cases of the configuration shown in table 4.
However, the LCOE is higher in case-1 and case-2 because of large capital cost. It has
shown case-1 is grip the largest cost components.
Table 2: Optimal configuration of various cases
Component Case-1 Case-2 Case-3 Case-4
Biomass generator [kWh/year] 38,791 31,000 31,657 36,879
PV system 0 3,197 3990 3,197
SWT 0 4274 4274 4,274
Grid 0 0 0 6,798
Total electricity 38,791 38,440 39,931 51,148
Renewable fraction [%] 100 100 100 86
Excess electricity (kWh/year) 139 0 1789 0
Number of battery 12 10 8 5
Table 3: Case-wise comparison of biomass generator
Biomass generator Case-1 Case-2 Case-3 Case-4
Number of operation hours [hour] 6423 4852 4791 3726
Fuel consumption [tons/year] 22.4 17.6 29.89 17.62
Table 4: Comparison of cost constrains for various cases
Economic Constrains Case-1 Case-2 Case-3 Case-4
Net Present value [$] 106,303 103,235 91,737 63,377
LCOE [$/kWh] 0.203 0.113 0.113 0.091
Operating cost [$/year] 7,364 8,394 4,551 2,731
7. Renewable Energy Integrated Microgrid. . . 555
5 Conclusion
An acceptable amount of power generation in a sustainable way is an important
issue for rapidly increasing population and economic development in the low-income
and developing countries. Renewable energy can play an effective role to meet energy
demand. Since it is an agrarian country, biomass is one of the potential renewable
energy sources in Bangladesh. Agricultural crop residues, residual waste, woods, and
animal manure are the major sources of biomass energy in the remote areas country.
In this paper has determined the potential of biomass that operates various ranges
of generator fueled by the available local biomass, focuses the optimal design and
compare different feasible configuration that complies the local biomass potential.
The studies also determine the opportunism of other sources including solar PV and
wind energy, and the renewable integrated system would be the ultimate solution for
the electricity access into the rural community. The investigation also focuses the
break-even point of grid connected system, technical and economic feasibility of the
proposed standalone DC-MG configuration care case -2 and case-3. If grid connected
is available, then (case-4) is the most economically promising solution. In addition,
SHS also illustrate in this paper which also one of the emerging technology in
Bangladesh. The social context in Bangladesh stimulate house-owns SHSs, the excess
electricity can be stored in the community based battery storage, and shares among
other end-users. The SSHs are the prosumers, end users and productive loads are
consumers in the DC-MG system.
It is to be noted renewable mix more need to study as a consequence of higher
investment costs and replacement costs. The government of Bangladesh may
introduce the feed-in tariffs to encourage more renewable penetration for present and
future electricity demand, and significant role in the renewable integration. Finally, 10
kW biomass-fueled generator, 20 SHS, and 2 SWT is the optimal solution for the 50
households and other community based productive usable load. .
References
1. T. Boden, G. Marland and R. Andres, "Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions.
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,," U.S.
Department of Energy, , Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A, 2010.
2. D. Palit, "Solar energy programs for rural electrification: Experiences and lessons," Elsvier: Energy for
sustaiable development , no. 17, p. 270–279 , 2013.
3. IEA, "World Energy Outlook 2013," International Energy Aagency, 2013. [Online]. Available:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/weo-2013-en. [Accessed 12 March 2016].
4. C. Paul, "Infrastructure, rural electrification and development.," Energy for Development , no. 15, pp.
304-312, 2011.
5. M. Fadaee; M. Radzi, "Multi-objective optimization of a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system
by using evolutionary algorithms: a review," in Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev, 16, 2012.
6. H. Omar and B. Kankar, "Optimal planning and design of a renewable energy based supply system for
microgrids," Renewable enrgy , vol. 45, pp. 7-15 , 2012 .
8. 556 Muhammad Taheruzzaman
7. IRENA (International Renewable Energy Agency), "International off-grid renewable energy
conference: key findings and recommendations," 2013. [Online]. Available:
www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/IOREC_Key%20Findings%20and%20Recommend
ations.pdf.
8. R. Kempener, O. Lavagne d’Ortigue, D. Saygin; et. al., "Off grid Renewable Energy System: Status
and Methodological Status," IRENA (International Renewable Energy Agency), Bonn, Germany ,
2015
9. D. Pudjianto. G. Strbac; et.al., "Investigation of Regulatory Commercial, Economic and Environmental
issues in microgrids," International conference on future power systems, 2005.
10. D. Hall and R. Overend, "Biomass Combustion," in Biomass regenerable Energy, Jhon Wiley and sons
Ltd., 1987, pp. 2003-219.
11. Cogenco, " Dalika combined heat and power," [Online]. Available: http://www.cogenco.com/uk-
cogenco/ressources/documents/1/44419,Cannington-Cold-Stores_Cogenco.pdf. [Accessed 01 Feb
2016].