In this paper, a grid connected hybrid power system comprising wind and solar based renewable energy sources RERs is proposed. As these RERs are intermittent and random in nature, so a backup source is needed for smoothening the fluctuations in RERs output power. Battery energy storage BESS is proposed for this purpose. The electrical grid of the example represents a typical Utility distribution system. It consists of a 120-kV transmission system equivalent supplying a 25-kV distribution substation. Several feeders are connected to the 25-kV bus of the substation. One of them supplies the power to a community that owns the PV farm and an energy storage system. The grounding transformer connected at the 25-kV bus provides a neutral point and limits the overvoltage on the healthy phases during a single-phase fault. Its zero-sequence impedance is three times the value of the grid positive sequence impedance. Ajaz Ul Haq "Modelling and Simulation of Energy Storage System for Grid-Connected Wind-PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19048.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/19048/modelling-and-simulation-of-energy-storage-system-for-grid-connected-wind-pv-system/ajaz-ul-haq
Control for Grid Connected and Intentional Islanding of Distributed Power Gen...ijtsrd
As the demand for more reliable and secure power system with greater power quality increases, the concept of distributed generation DG have become more popular. This popularity of DG concept has developed simultaneously with the decrease in manufacturing costs associated with clean and alternative technologies like fuel cells, biomass, micro turbine and solar cell systems. Intentional islanding is the purposeful sectionalisation of the utility system during widespread disturbances to create power “islandâ€. This island can be designed to maintain a continuous supply of power during disturbances of the main distribution system. Ruchali Borkute | Nikita Malwar ""Control for Grid Connected and Intentional Islanding of Distributed Power Generation"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23679.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/23679/control-for-grid-connected-and-intentional-islanding-of-distributed-power-generation/ruchali-borkute
Hybrid Micro Grid Architectures and ChallengesIJMTST Journal
The distribution system is part of the electric power system that links the bulk transmission system and the
individual customers. Increasing environmental concerns, consumer expectations in terms of reliability &
better quality of power supply and improving economics of distributed energy resources (DER) based on
renewable, is making Micro Grid a viable proposition. Present electrical distribution system offers many
technical & operational glitches for successful integration of Micro Grid Technologies. Modern Power systems
are smart, interconnected, interdependent, load sharing and phased mission systems. Micro grids are
composed by distributed generators, energy storage devices, intelligent circuit breakers and local loads. In
this paper, a review of the main micro grid architectures proposed in the literature has been carried out. The
micro grid architectures are first classified regarding their AC or DC distribution buses. Besides, more
complex micro grid architectures will be discussed. Both advantages and disadvantages of each one of the
micro grid families will be discussed.
Reactive Power Sharing Droop Control Strategy for DG Units in an Islanded Mic...IJMTST Journal
The proposed method mainly includes two important operations: error reduction operation and voltage
recovery operation. The sharing accuracy is improved by the sharing error reduction operation, which is
activated by the low-bandwidth synchronization signals. However, the error reduction operation will result in
a decrease in output voltage amplitude. Therefore, the voltage recovery operation is proposed to compensate
the decrease., due to increasing the demand of electricity as well as rapid depletion of fossil fuels, and the
government policies on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions , renewable energy technologies are more
attractive and various types of distributed generation sources, such as wind turbine generators and solar
photo voltaic panels are being connected to low-voltage distribution networks. Micro grid is an integrated
system that contain in s distributed generation sources, control systems, load management, energy storage
and communication infrastructure capability to work in both grid connected and island mode to optimize
energy usage. The paper presents a advanced control technique for a micro grid system which works
efficiently under a decentralized control system.
Design and control of renewable power system through wsn in mirogridtheijes
Recently the control of microgrid has been the focus of extensive research due to its flexibility to effectively utilize the micro-sources while ensuring reliability. The microgrid technology is one of the recent developments in the area of electric power systems that aid the use of non-conventional energy sources in parallel with the conventional energy sources. Monitoring and control of microgrid is essential for its efficient and effective functioning. The work presented in this paper is focused on the design, control and development of synchronization between non-conventional energy sources (photovoltaic panel) and conventional energy sources (battery) to satisfy the power demand of the grid by using WSN ( wireless sensor networks) technology. The objective of this paper is to propose a prototype to study the performance analysis of power monitoring between photovoltaic panel and battery by sensing parameters like generated power, availability of power reserve etc through WSN (ZigBee). The key simulation and experimental results are included to verify the proper operation and control of microgrid.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Reactive Power Sharing in Islanded Microgrid by Droop Control MethodIJMTST Journal
The proposed method mainly includes two important operations: error reduction operation and voltage recovery operation. The sharing accuracy is improved by the sharing error reduction operation, which is activated by the low-bandwidth synchronization signals. However, the error reduction operation will result in a decrease in output voltage amplitude. Therefore, the voltage recovery operation is proposed to compensate the decrease., due to increasing the demand of electricity as well as rapid depletion of fossil fuels, and the government policies on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions , renewable energy technologies are more attractive and various types of distributed generation sources, such as wind turbine generators and solar photo voltaic panels are being connected to low-voltage distribution networks. Micro grid is an integrated system that contain in s distributed generation sources, control systems, load management, energy storage and communication infrastructure capability to work in both grid connected and island mode to optimize energy usage. The paper presents a advanced control technique for a micro grid system which works efficiently under a decentralized control system.
Control for Grid Connected and Intentional Islanding of Distributed Power Gen...ijtsrd
As the demand for more reliable and secure power system with greater power quality increases, the concept of distributed generation DG have become more popular. This popularity of DG concept has developed simultaneously with the decrease in manufacturing costs associated with clean and alternative technologies like fuel cells, biomass, micro turbine and solar cell systems. Intentional islanding is the purposeful sectionalisation of the utility system during widespread disturbances to create power “islandâ€. This island can be designed to maintain a continuous supply of power during disturbances of the main distribution system. Ruchali Borkute | Nikita Malwar ""Control for Grid Connected and Intentional Islanding of Distributed Power Generation"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23679.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/23679/control-for-grid-connected-and-intentional-islanding-of-distributed-power-generation/ruchali-borkute
Hybrid Micro Grid Architectures and ChallengesIJMTST Journal
The distribution system is part of the electric power system that links the bulk transmission system and the
individual customers. Increasing environmental concerns, consumer expectations in terms of reliability &
better quality of power supply and improving economics of distributed energy resources (DER) based on
renewable, is making Micro Grid a viable proposition. Present electrical distribution system offers many
technical & operational glitches for successful integration of Micro Grid Technologies. Modern Power systems
are smart, interconnected, interdependent, load sharing and phased mission systems. Micro grids are
composed by distributed generators, energy storage devices, intelligent circuit breakers and local loads. In
this paper, a review of the main micro grid architectures proposed in the literature has been carried out. The
micro grid architectures are first classified regarding their AC or DC distribution buses. Besides, more
complex micro grid architectures will be discussed. Both advantages and disadvantages of each one of the
micro grid families will be discussed.
Reactive Power Sharing Droop Control Strategy for DG Units in an Islanded Mic...IJMTST Journal
The proposed method mainly includes two important operations: error reduction operation and voltage
recovery operation. The sharing accuracy is improved by the sharing error reduction operation, which is
activated by the low-bandwidth synchronization signals. However, the error reduction operation will result in
a decrease in output voltage amplitude. Therefore, the voltage recovery operation is proposed to compensate
the decrease., due to increasing the demand of electricity as well as rapid depletion of fossil fuels, and the
government policies on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions , renewable energy technologies are more
attractive and various types of distributed generation sources, such as wind turbine generators and solar
photo voltaic panels are being connected to low-voltage distribution networks. Micro grid is an integrated
system that contain in s distributed generation sources, control systems, load management, energy storage
and communication infrastructure capability to work in both grid connected and island mode to optimize
energy usage. The paper presents a advanced control technique for a micro grid system which works
efficiently under a decentralized control system.
Design and control of renewable power system through wsn in mirogridtheijes
Recently the control of microgrid has been the focus of extensive research due to its flexibility to effectively utilize the micro-sources while ensuring reliability. The microgrid technology is one of the recent developments in the area of electric power systems that aid the use of non-conventional energy sources in parallel with the conventional energy sources. Monitoring and control of microgrid is essential for its efficient and effective functioning. The work presented in this paper is focused on the design, control and development of synchronization between non-conventional energy sources (photovoltaic panel) and conventional energy sources (battery) to satisfy the power demand of the grid by using WSN ( wireless sensor networks) technology. The objective of this paper is to propose a prototype to study the performance analysis of power monitoring between photovoltaic panel and battery by sensing parameters like generated power, availability of power reserve etc through WSN (ZigBee). The key simulation and experimental results are included to verify the proper operation and control of microgrid.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Reactive Power Sharing in Islanded Microgrid by Droop Control MethodIJMTST Journal
The proposed method mainly includes two important operations: error reduction operation and voltage recovery operation. The sharing accuracy is improved by the sharing error reduction operation, which is activated by the low-bandwidth synchronization signals. However, the error reduction operation will result in a decrease in output voltage amplitude. Therefore, the voltage recovery operation is proposed to compensate the decrease., due to increasing the demand of electricity as well as rapid depletion of fossil fuels, and the government policies on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions , renewable energy technologies are more attractive and various types of distributed generation sources, such as wind turbine generators and solar photo voltaic panels are being connected to low-voltage distribution networks. Micro grid is an integrated system that contain in s distributed generation sources, control systems, load management, energy storage and communication infrastructure capability to work in both grid connected and island mode to optimize energy usage. The paper presents a advanced control technique for a micro grid system which works efficiently under a decentralized control system.
Stability check of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) micro grid power systemjournalBEEI
As of late, expanding interest of renewable energy and consumption of non-renewable energy source have prompted developing advancement of renewable energy technology, for example, wind energy. Wind energy has turned out to be one of the reliable sources of renewable energy, which requests extra transmission capacity and better methods for sustaining system reliability. As of now, doubly fed induction generator wind turbine is the most well-known wind turbine. This paper focuses on DFIG wind farm design using MATLAB/SIMULINK and also investigates the issues of the system stability of the DFIG wind turbine micro grid power system. This analysis includes the changes of voltage, current, real power and reactive power based on various conditions of the power system.
Abstract The demand for high quality electricity and growing electricity consumption has been caused by increasing electrification of daily life causes and the rising number of sensitive or critical loads. Due to the rapid increase in global energy consumption and the diminishing of fossil fuels, the customer demand for new generation capacities and efficient energy production, delivery and utilization keeps rising. The micro grid concept has the potential to solve major problems arising from large penetration of distributed generation in distribution systems. A proper control strategy should be implemented for a successful operation of a micro grid . Different load models can be simulated and analyzed using MATLAB and PSCAD software. In this paper, the work done in the field of Micro Grid has been reviewed. Keywords: DER, MG, PCC, PV, VSI.
GA Based Controller for Autonomous Wind-DG Micro gridIOSRJEEE
This document presents a study on developing a genetic algorithm (GA) based controller for an autonomous wind-diesel microgrid system. The microgrid consists of a permanent magnet brushless DC generator-based wind energy conversion system and a diesel generator. A maximum power point tracking technique using incremental conductance is used to optimize wind power extraction. A voltage source converter acts as a voltage and frequency controller. The document proposes using a GA to tune the parameters of a back propagation feedforward control scheme for the voltage source converter in order to address power quality issues in the microgrid system. Simulation results are presented to analyze the microgrid's performance under changing wind speeds and nonlinear loads.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A grad school research paper and study of "smart grid" technology and economic development policy; I wrote part II of the paper, beginning on page 13.
Control Strategy for Distributed Integration of Photovoltaic and Battery Ener...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The micro-grid deployments are growing with independently, power system designers,
manufacturers and researchers for the applications where the loads are more efficient association with
extra output sources such as Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), and Photovoltaic (PV) systems.
Using renewable source as main sources for micro-grid system also can avoid from the pollution to occur.
Energy storage when combined with PV system can provide a stronger economic performance, as well as
an added benefit of backup power for critical loads. This project proposed control strategies for integration
of BESS and PV in a micro-grid. The operation enables the maximum PV and BESS utilization during
different operating condition of the micro-grid, grid connected, islanded mode or a process between these
two operations. The project will focus on analyzing the performance between photovoltaic system and
battery in the simulations of micro-grids system and validate the simulation result using
MATLAB/SIMULINK software. After the simulation was analyzed, the understanding of benefit in using
renewable energy source as main power supply with support from battery energy storage to supply the
power to the loads and power managements is realized in the different modes on micro-grid which is grid
connected or islanded states. When the power generation from PV system was not enough to
accommodate electric loads, the BESS or from secondary side of transformer will supply the insufficient
power.
Electric Power Management for a Grid Connected Renewable Energy Sourcestheijes
This document summarizes a research paper on electric power management for a grid-connected renewable energy system combining photovoltaic (PV) arrays and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). The hybrid system uses two operation modes: unit-power control (UPC) mode regulates the hybrid source output to a reference power while variations in load demand are compensated by the main grid; feeder-flow control (FFC) mode regulates the feeder flow to a constant while the hybrid source picks up extra load demand. A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is used to optimize PV output power. The fuel cells provide a controllable source to overcome the intermittent nature of solar power.
A review of optimal operation of microgrids IJECEIAES
The term microgrid refers to small-scale power grid that can operate autonomously or in concurrence with the area’s main electrical grid. The intermittent characteristic of DGs which defies the power quality and voltage manifests the requirement for new planning and operation approaches for microgrids. Consequently, conventional optimization methods in new power systems have been critically biased all through the previous decade. One of the main technological and inexpensive tools in this regard is the optimal generation scheduling of microgrid. As a primary optimization tool in the planning and operation fields, optimal operation has an undeniable part in the power system. This paper reviews and evaluates the optimal operation approaches mostly related to microgrids. In this work, the foremost optimal generation scheduling approaches are compared in terms of their objective functions, techniques and constraints. To conclude, a few fundamental challenges occurring from the latest optimal generation scheduling techniques in microgrids are addressed.
DISTRIBUTED CONTROL OF HYBRID AC-DC MICROGRID WITH SOLAR ENERGY,ENERGY STORAG...kodibalasriram
The document describes a hybrid AC/DC microgrid system with solar energy, energy storage, and critical load. The system includes an AC source, AC loads, a PV farm, battery storage, and DC loads. A PV array is connected to a DC bus through a boost converter with MPPT control. Battery storage connects to the DC bus via a bi-directional DC-DC converter. An AC-DC bi-directional converter connects the AC and DC buses to allow power sharing. The system is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to maintain stable operation under different conditions when operating in island mode.
In these slides we discuss that how to trade a energy which is generated from renewable resources and how to manage that energy
Regards: Dr Muhammad Naeem
Assistant Professor CIIT WAH Cantt
IRJET- DC Micro Grid for Wind and Solar Electric System Power IntegrationIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses a proposed DC microgrid system for integrating wind and solar power. It would include photovoltaic panels, a wind turbine generator, and battery storage connected to a DC bus.
2. Control mechanisms and power electronics would be used to regulate the flow of power between the AC and DC subgrids and optimize the system.
3. MATLAB simulations were used to test the microgrid concept and voltage-power droop control approach for balancing supply and demand in real-time while maintaining storage state of charge.
Modeling, Control and Power Management Strategy of a Grid connected Hybrid En...IJECEIAES
This paper presents the detailed modeling of various components of a grid connected hybrid energy system (HES) consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) system, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), an electrolyzer and a hydrogen storage tank with a power flow controller. Also, a valve controlled by the proposed controller decides how much amount of fuel is consumed by fuel cell according to the load demand. In this paper fuel cell is used instead of battery bank because fuel cell is free from pollution. The control and power management strategies are also developed. When the PV power is sufficient then it can fulfill the load demand as well as feeds the extra power to the electrolyzer. By using the electrolyzer, the hydrogen is generated from the water and stored in storage tank and this hydrogen act as a fuel to SOFC. If the availability of the power from the PV system cannot fulfill the load demand, then the fuel cell fulfills the required load demand. The SOFC takes required amount of hydrogen as fuel, which is controlled by the PID controller through a valve. Effectiveness of this technology is verified by the help of computer simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment under various loading conditions and promising results are obtained.
Electric Vehicle as an Energy Storage for Grid Connected Solar Power SystemIAES-IJPEDS
In the past few years the growing demand for electricity and serious concern
for the environment have given rise to the growth of sustainable sources like
wind, solar, tidal, biomass etc. The technological advancement in power
electronics has led to the extensive usage of solar power. Solar power output
varies with the weather conditions and under shading conditions. With the
increasing concerns of the impacts of the high penetration of Photovoltaic
(PV) systems, a technical study about their effects on the power quality of
the utility grid is required. This paper investigates the functioning of a gridtied
PV system along with maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
algorithm. The effects of varying atmospheric conditions like solar irradiance
and temperature are also taken into account. It is proposed in this work that
an Electric Vehicle (EV) can be used as an energy storage to stabilize the
power supplied to the grid from the photovoltaic resources. A coordinated
control is necessary for the EV to obtain desired outcome. The modeling of
the PV and EV system is carried out in PSCAD and the proposed idea is
verified through simulation results utilizing real field data for solar irradiance
and temperature.
New York’s Reforming the Energy Vision (REV) initiative seeks to fundamentally transform the way electricity is distributed, generated and used across the State. Utilities are being challenged to adapt their business models and distribution infrastructure to meet these new goals. REV also presents an opportunity for utilities to provide their customers with a broader range of services that lead to a more diverse, innovative and resilient energy infrastructure.
A key focus of REV is the transition to local distributed energy platforms including microgrids, which can be operated in conjunction with the grid or independently in emergencies. TRC recentlypresented an educational webinar to help New York’s utilities and other decision makers take action to plan and implement successful microgrids. This presentation covers:
• Basic concepts for developing a microgrid
• Differences from operating within the conventional grid
• Preliminary engineering steps required
• Options for generation sources
The webinar recording is available at http://blog.trcsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/2015-01-22-10.02-Planning-a-Successful-Microgrid.mp4
Integration Planning and Operation Scheduling of Distribution Generation for ...IJERA Editor
Use of distributed renewable energy sources for domestic energy consumption will increase in near future due to
its advantages as being clean and infinite energy generation possibility. This trend allows more efficient energy
consumption because of reducing distribution losses and dependence of domestic appliances to grid distribution.
Electrical energy is an essential ingredient for the development of a nation. In this paper, it is proposed grid
connected solar PV without and with battery at domestic level to minimize the load on live grid during peak
time, excess power export to the grid when the PV generation is more compared to connected load and increase
the participation of renewable energy sources in our daily energy consumption. The decision support program
enables the consumer to implement the most efficient electricity management strategy while achieving the goal
of minimizing the electricity bill and to supply the quality power. The cost of investment and payback periods
are computed for PV system using cost benefit analysis
This article presents the system design and prediction performance of a 1kW capacity grid-tied photovoltaic inverter applicable for low or medium-voltage electrical distri-bution networks. System parameters, for instance, the longitude and latitude of the solar plant location, panel orientation, tilt and azimuth angle calculation, feasibility testing, optimal sizing of installment are analyzed in the model and the utility is sim-ulated precisely to construct an efficient solar power plant for residential applications. In this paper, meteorological data are computed to discuss the impact of environmen-tal variables. As regards ensuring reliability and sustenance, a simulation model of the system of interest is tested in the PVsyst software package. Simulation results yield that the optimum energy injected to the national grid from the solar plant, specific pro-duction, and performance ratio are 1676kWh/year, 1552kWh/kWp/year, and 79.29% respectively. Moreover, the predicted carbon footprint reduction is 23.467 tons during the 30 years lifetime of the system. Therefore, the performance assessments affirm the effectiveness of the proposed research.
Research on Micro-grid Stability Based on Data Center and Battery ArrayIJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:At present, the number of distributed energy in the micro-grid shows a gradually increasing trend. In order to absorb and use distributed energy greatly, and to achieve stable control of the micro-grid, this paper adjusts the load power and distributed energy to match the demand response, and then make the micro-grid stable. Through the adjustable load to reduce the peak and fill the valley in themicro-grid, and use the energy storage device to achieve the excess output and load demand. By using the data center and the battery array to control the micro-grid, the data center load is adjustable and the battery array is to absorb the energy release. The intermittent fluctuations of the distributed energy in the micro-grid has been suppressed, and this two devices achieve stable control of the micro-grid in two different ways.
IRJET - Multi-Hybrid Renewable Energy Source based on Solar, Wind and Biogas ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed multi-hybrid renewable energy system combining solar, wind, and biogas sources. It presents a block diagram and simulation of the system, which shows that the sources can supply power proportionally to their capacities to meet the load demand. The system is not affected when faults are applied to the grid. The document also provides background on each renewable source and reviews their use individually and in hybrid configurations to provide sustainable energy. It concludes that a hybrid system integrating multiple sources can reliably power remote areas.
OPTIMAL PLACEMENT OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION FOR LOSS REDUCTION IN DISTRIBUTIO...ijiert bestjournal
Due to the increasing interest on renewable sources in recent times,the studies on integration of distributed generation to the power grid have rapid ly increased. Distributed generations (DGs) play an important role in distribution networks. Am ong many of their merits,loss reduction and voltage profile improvement can be the salient spec ifications of Distributed generations (DG). Non-optimal locations and non-optimal sizes of Dist ributed generations (DG) units may lead to increase losses,together with bad effect on voltag e profile. Proper location of Distributed generations (DGs) in power systems is important for obtaining their maximum potential benefits. Distributed generation (DG) units reduce electric p ower losses and hence improve reliability and voltage profile. Determination of appropriate size and location of Distributed generation (DG) is important to maximize overall system efficiency. In this project,Newton raphson method optimization technique has been presented to determ ine the appropriate size and proper allocation of Distributed generation (DG) in a dist ribution network.So,this project focus towards,at determining optimal DG allocation and s izing as well as analyzing the impact of Distributed generation (DG) in an electric power sy stem in terms of voltage profile improvement and line loss reduction
1) The document discusses microgrids which integrate distributed energy resources to provide electricity for local areas. Microgrids can operate connected to the main power grid or independently.
2) Microgrids offer economic, technical, and environmental benefits over conventional power systems. They improve access to electricity, lower costs, increase revenue opportunities, and reduce emissions.
3) The technical aspects of microgrids include energy resources, power electronics, control systems, and the ability to operate in both grid-connected and isolated modes. Microgrids provide reliable local power generation and energy management.
Analysis and Implementation of Power Quality Enhancement Techniques in Hybrid...ijtsrd
This document discusses power quality enhancement techniques for hybrid AC/DC microgrids. A microgrid consists of distributed energy resources (DERs) like solar panels, wind turbines, and batteries that can operate connected or disconnected from the main power grid. When operating independently, control methods are needed to coordinate the AC and DC sub-grids. The performance of a hybrid microgrid system is analyzed in this paper using MATLAB/Simulink. Key challenges for microgrids are discussed like protection systems and maintaining stability with variable DERs and loads.
Stability check of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) micro grid power systemjournalBEEI
As of late, expanding interest of renewable energy and consumption of non-renewable energy source have prompted developing advancement of renewable energy technology, for example, wind energy. Wind energy has turned out to be one of the reliable sources of renewable energy, which requests extra transmission capacity and better methods for sustaining system reliability. As of now, doubly fed induction generator wind turbine is the most well-known wind turbine. This paper focuses on DFIG wind farm design using MATLAB/SIMULINK and also investigates the issues of the system stability of the DFIG wind turbine micro grid power system. This analysis includes the changes of voltage, current, real power and reactive power based on various conditions of the power system.
Abstract The demand for high quality electricity and growing electricity consumption has been caused by increasing electrification of daily life causes and the rising number of sensitive or critical loads. Due to the rapid increase in global energy consumption and the diminishing of fossil fuels, the customer demand for new generation capacities and efficient energy production, delivery and utilization keeps rising. The micro grid concept has the potential to solve major problems arising from large penetration of distributed generation in distribution systems. A proper control strategy should be implemented for a successful operation of a micro grid . Different load models can be simulated and analyzed using MATLAB and PSCAD software. In this paper, the work done in the field of Micro Grid has been reviewed. Keywords: DER, MG, PCC, PV, VSI.
GA Based Controller for Autonomous Wind-DG Micro gridIOSRJEEE
This document presents a study on developing a genetic algorithm (GA) based controller for an autonomous wind-diesel microgrid system. The microgrid consists of a permanent magnet brushless DC generator-based wind energy conversion system and a diesel generator. A maximum power point tracking technique using incremental conductance is used to optimize wind power extraction. A voltage source converter acts as a voltage and frequency controller. The document proposes using a GA to tune the parameters of a back propagation feedforward control scheme for the voltage source converter in order to address power quality issues in the microgrid system. Simulation results are presented to analyze the microgrid's performance under changing wind speeds and nonlinear loads.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A grad school research paper and study of "smart grid" technology and economic development policy; I wrote part II of the paper, beginning on page 13.
Control Strategy for Distributed Integration of Photovoltaic and Battery Ener...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The micro-grid deployments are growing with independently, power system designers,
manufacturers and researchers for the applications where the loads are more efficient association with
extra output sources such as Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), and Photovoltaic (PV) systems.
Using renewable source as main sources for micro-grid system also can avoid from the pollution to occur.
Energy storage when combined with PV system can provide a stronger economic performance, as well as
an added benefit of backup power for critical loads. This project proposed control strategies for integration
of BESS and PV in a micro-grid. The operation enables the maximum PV and BESS utilization during
different operating condition of the micro-grid, grid connected, islanded mode or a process between these
two operations. The project will focus on analyzing the performance between photovoltaic system and
battery in the simulations of micro-grids system and validate the simulation result using
MATLAB/SIMULINK software. After the simulation was analyzed, the understanding of benefit in using
renewable energy source as main power supply with support from battery energy storage to supply the
power to the loads and power managements is realized in the different modes on micro-grid which is grid
connected or islanded states. When the power generation from PV system was not enough to
accommodate electric loads, the BESS or from secondary side of transformer will supply the insufficient
power.
Electric Power Management for a Grid Connected Renewable Energy Sourcestheijes
This document summarizes a research paper on electric power management for a grid-connected renewable energy system combining photovoltaic (PV) arrays and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). The hybrid system uses two operation modes: unit-power control (UPC) mode regulates the hybrid source output to a reference power while variations in load demand are compensated by the main grid; feeder-flow control (FFC) mode regulates the feeder flow to a constant while the hybrid source picks up extra load demand. A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is used to optimize PV output power. The fuel cells provide a controllable source to overcome the intermittent nature of solar power.
A review of optimal operation of microgrids IJECEIAES
The term microgrid refers to small-scale power grid that can operate autonomously or in concurrence with the area’s main electrical grid. The intermittent characteristic of DGs which defies the power quality and voltage manifests the requirement for new planning and operation approaches for microgrids. Consequently, conventional optimization methods in new power systems have been critically biased all through the previous decade. One of the main technological and inexpensive tools in this regard is the optimal generation scheduling of microgrid. As a primary optimization tool in the planning and operation fields, optimal operation has an undeniable part in the power system. This paper reviews and evaluates the optimal operation approaches mostly related to microgrids. In this work, the foremost optimal generation scheduling approaches are compared in terms of their objective functions, techniques and constraints. To conclude, a few fundamental challenges occurring from the latest optimal generation scheduling techniques in microgrids are addressed.
DISTRIBUTED CONTROL OF HYBRID AC-DC MICROGRID WITH SOLAR ENERGY,ENERGY STORAG...kodibalasriram
The document describes a hybrid AC/DC microgrid system with solar energy, energy storage, and critical load. The system includes an AC source, AC loads, a PV farm, battery storage, and DC loads. A PV array is connected to a DC bus through a boost converter with MPPT control. Battery storage connects to the DC bus via a bi-directional DC-DC converter. An AC-DC bi-directional converter connects the AC and DC buses to allow power sharing. The system is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to maintain stable operation under different conditions when operating in island mode.
In these slides we discuss that how to trade a energy which is generated from renewable resources and how to manage that energy
Regards: Dr Muhammad Naeem
Assistant Professor CIIT WAH Cantt
IRJET- DC Micro Grid for Wind and Solar Electric System Power IntegrationIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses a proposed DC microgrid system for integrating wind and solar power. It would include photovoltaic panels, a wind turbine generator, and battery storage connected to a DC bus.
2. Control mechanisms and power electronics would be used to regulate the flow of power between the AC and DC subgrids and optimize the system.
3. MATLAB simulations were used to test the microgrid concept and voltage-power droop control approach for balancing supply and demand in real-time while maintaining storage state of charge.
Modeling, Control and Power Management Strategy of a Grid connected Hybrid En...IJECEIAES
This paper presents the detailed modeling of various components of a grid connected hybrid energy system (HES) consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) system, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), an electrolyzer and a hydrogen storage tank with a power flow controller. Also, a valve controlled by the proposed controller decides how much amount of fuel is consumed by fuel cell according to the load demand. In this paper fuel cell is used instead of battery bank because fuel cell is free from pollution. The control and power management strategies are also developed. When the PV power is sufficient then it can fulfill the load demand as well as feeds the extra power to the electrolyzer. By using the electrolyzer, the hydrogen is generated from the water and stored in storage tank and this hydrogen act as a fuel to SOFC. If the availability of the power from the PV system cannot fulfill the load demand, then the fuel cell fulfills the required load demand. The SOFC takes required amount of hydrogen as fuel, which is controlled by the PID controller through a valve. Effectiveness of this technology is verified by the help of computer simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment under various loading conditions and promising results are obtained.
Electric Vehicle as an Energy Storage for Grid Connected Solar Power SystemIAES-IJPEDS
In the past few years the growing demand for electricity and serious concern
for the environment have given rise to the growth of sustainable sources like
wind, solar, tidal, biomass etc. The technological advancement in power
electronics has led to the extensive usage of solar power. Solar power output
varies with the weather conditions and under shading conditions. With the
increasing concerns of the impacts of the high penetration of Photovoltaic
(PV) systems, a technical study about their effects on the power quality of
the utility grid is required. This paper investigates the functioning of a gridtied
PV system along with maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
algorithm. The effects of varying atmospheric conditions like solar irradiance
and temperature are also taken into account. It is proposed in this work that
an Electric Vehicle (EV) can be used as an energy storage to stabilize the
power supplied to the grid from the photovoltaic resources. A coordinated
control is necessary for the EV to obtain desired outcome. The modeling of
the PV and EV system is carried out in PSCAD and the proposed idea is
verified through simulation results utilizing real field data for solar irradiance
and temperature.
New York’s Reforming the Energy Vision (REV) initiative seeks to fundamentally transform the way electricity is distributed, generated and used across the State. Utilities are being challenged to adapt their business models and distribution infrastructure to meet these new goals. REV also presents an opportunity for utilities to provide their customers with a broader range of services that lead to a more diverse, innovative and resilient energy infrastructure.
A key focus of REV is the transition to local distributed energy platforms including microgrids, which can be operated in conjunction with the grid or independently in emergencies. TRC recentlypresented an educational webinar to help New York’s utilities and other decision makers take action to plan and implement successful microgrids. This presentation covers:
• Basic concepts for developing a microgrid
• Differences from operating within the conventional grid
• Preliminary engineering steps required
• Options for generation sources
The webinar recording is available at http://blog.trcsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/2015-01-22-10.02-Planning-a-Successful-Microgrid.mp4
Integration Planning and Operation Scheduling of Distribution Generation for ...IJERA Editor
Use of distributed renewable energy sources for domestic energy consumption will increase in near future due to
its advantages as being clean and infinite energy generation possibility. This trend allows more efficient energy
consumption because of reducing distribution losses and dependence of domestic appliances to grid distribution.
Electrical energy is an essential ingredient for the development of a nation. In this paper, it is proposed grid
connected solar PV without and with battery at domestic level to minimize the load on live grid during peak
time, excess power export to the grid when the PV generation is more compared to connected load and increase
the participation of renewable energy sources in our daily energy consumption. The decision support program
enables the consumer to implement the most efficient electricity management strategy while achieving the goal
of minimizing the electricity bill and to supply the quality power. The cost of investment and payback periods
are computed for PV system using cost benefit analysis
This article presents the system design and prediction performance of a 1kW capacity grid-tied photovoltaic inverter applicable for low or medium-voltage electrical distri-bution networks. System parameters, for instance, the longitude and latitude of the solar plant location, panel orientation, tilt and azimuth angle calculation, feasibility testing, optimal sizing of installment are analyzed in the model and the utility is sim-ulated precisely to construct an efficient solar power plant for residential applications. In this paper, meteorological data are computed to discuss the impact of environmen-tal variables. As regards ensuring reliability and sustenance, a simulation model of the system of interest is tested in the PVsyst software package. Simulation results yield that the optimum energy injected to the national grid from the solar plant, specific pro-duction, and performance ratio are 1676kWh/year, 1552kWh/kWp/year, and 79.29% respectively. Moreover, the predicted carbon footprint reduction is 23.467 tons during the 30 years lifetime of the system. Therefore, the performance assessments affirm the effectiveness of the proposed research.
Research on Micro-grid Stability Based on Data Center and Battery ArrayIJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:At present, the number of distributed energy in the micro-grid shows a gradually increasing trend. In order to absorb and use distributed energy greatly, and to achieve stable control of the micro-grid, this paper adjusts the load power and distributed energy to match the demand response, and then make the micro-grid stable. Through the adjustable load to reduce the peak and fill the valley in themicro-grid, and use the energy storage device to achieve the excess output and load demand. By using the data center and the battery array to control the micro-grid, the data center load is adjustable and the battery array is to absorb the energy release. The intermittent fluctuations of the distributed energy in the micro-grid has been suppressed, and this two devices achieve stable control of the micro-grid in two different ways.
IRJET - Multi-Hybrid Renewable Energy Source based on Solar, Wind and Biogas ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed multi-hybrid renewable energy system combining solar, wind, and biogas sources. It presents a block diagram and simulation of the system, which shows that the sources can supply power proportionally to their capacities to meet the load demand. The system is not affected when faults are applied to the grid. The document also provides background on each renewable source and reviews their use individually and in hybrid configurations to provide sustainable energy. It concludes that a hybrid system integrating multiple sources can reliably power remote areas.
OPTIMAL PLACEMENT OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION FOR LOSS REDUCTION IN DISTRIBUTIO...ijiert bestjournal
Due to the increasing interest on renewable sources in recent times,the studies on integration of distributed generation to the power grid have rapid ly increased. Distributed generations (DGs) play an important role in distribution networks. Am ong many of their merits,loss reduction and voltage profile improvement can be the salient spec ifications of Distributed generations (DG). Non-optimal locations and non-optimal sizes of Dist ributed generations (DG) units may lead to increase losses,together with bad effect on voltag e profile. Proper location of Distributed generations (DGs) in power systems is important for obtaining their maximum potential benefits. Distributed generation (DG) units reduce electric p ower losses and hence improve reliability and voltage profile. Determination of appropriate size and location of Distributed generation (DG) is important to maximize overall system efficiency. In this project,Newton raphson method optimization technique has been presented to determ ine the appropriate size and proper allocation of Distributed generation (DG) in a dist ribution network.So,this project focus towards,at determining optimal DG allocation and s izing as well as analyzing the impact of Distributed generation (DG) in an electric power sy stem in terms of voltage profile improvement and line loss reduction
1) The document discusses microgrids which integrate distributed energy resources to provide electricity for local areas. Microgrids can operate connected to the main power grid or independently.
2) Microgrids offer economic, technical, and environmental benefits over conventional power systems. They improve access to electricity, lower costs, increase revenue opportunities, and reduce emissions.
3) The technical aspects of microgrids include energy resources, power electronics, control systems, and the ability to operate in both grid-connected and isolated modes. Microgrids provide reliable local power generation and energy management.
Analysis and Implementation of Power Quality Enhancement Techniques in Hybrid...ijtsrd
This document discusses power quality enhancement techniques for hybrid AC/DC microgrids. A microgrid consists of distributed energy resources (DERs) like solar panels, wind turbines, and batteries that can operate connected or disconnected from the main power grid. When operating independently, control methods are needed to coordinate the AC and DC sub-grids. The performance of a hybrid microgrid system is analyzed in this paper using MATLAB/Simulink. Key challenges for microgrids are discussed like protection systems and maintaining stability with variable DERs and loads.
Microgrid Technology with Distributed Energy - A Reviewijtsrd
As one of the key technologies to achieve the large scale application of distributed power generation, microgrid can overcome the randomness, intermittence and dispersity caused by distributed energy and promote the development and utilization of new energy and renewable energy to ease the shortage of energy all over the world. In this paper, the characteristics and key technology of microgrid and the challenges may exit during development of microgrid are briefly introduced. Microgrid complies with the requirements to promote renewable energy power generation and social sustainable development, and will definitely occupy a vital position in the development of grid construction. Aman Kumar | Mamta Sood | Dr. Manju Gupta "Microgrid Technology with Distributed Energy - A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49648.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/49648/microgrid-technology-with-distributed-energy---a-review/aman-kumar
Design of Modern Grid Fed from Hybrid (Solar and Wind) Energy Sourceijtsrd
This paper presents a control of a micro grid at an isolated location fed from wind and solar based hybrid energy sources. The machine used for wind energy conversion is doubly fed induction generator DFIG and a battery bank is connected to a common DC bus of them. A solar photovoltaic PV array is used to convert solar power, which is evacuated at the common DC bus of DFIG using a DC DC boost converter in a cost effective way. Jaffar Hussain | Nipun Aggarwal "Design of Modern Grid Fed from Hybrid (Solar and Wind) Energy Source" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29642.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29642/design-of-modern-grid-fed-from-hybrid-solar-and-wind-energy-source/jaffar-hussain
Microgrid Technology with Distributed Energy - A Reviewijtsrd
As one of the key technologies to achieve the large scale application of distributed power generation, microgrid can overcome the randomness, intermittence and dispersity caused by distributed energy and promote the development and utilization of new energy and renewable energy to ease the shortage of energy all over the world. In this paper, the characteristics and key technology of microgrid and the challenges may exit during development of microgrid are briefly introduced. Microgrid complies with the requirements to promote renewable energy power generation and social sustainable development, and will definitely occupy a vital position in the development of grid construction. Nilesh Pandurang | Pramod Kumar Rathore "Microgrid Technology with Distributed Energy - A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49423.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/49423/microgrid-technology-with-distributed-energy---a-review/nilesh-pandurang
This document summarizes a paper on developing a standalone microgrid powered by a hybrid renewable energy system. The microgrid was designed to provide reliable electricity to remote communities not connected to the main grid. It uses solar PV, wind turbines, and a diesel generator backed by batteries. The hybrid system was designed and implemented to meet technical challenges of remote operation and provide electricity comparable in quality to centralized grids. The microgrid concept and control strategies were applied to maximize efficiency and reliability of the off-grid renewable energy system.
The decline of competence effectuated by the unreplenishable energy etymology due to the plummet of fossil fuels has created an alternate need for renewable energy sources to play a vital role in providing power at a larger scale. Thus, a new system of distribution of energy resources is introduced to tackle the ever-growing demand for power and safety of the environment using renewable energy sources with the traditional ways of transmitting power. Such challenges can be overcome by using hybrid microgrids which helps in detecting and hegemonizing faults more dexterously sanctioning sharing of load and instinctive switching through various algorithms thus improving the system accuracy and adaptability. This exertion incorporates the modeling of an AC hybrid microgrid system analyzed in the is-landed mode. Fuel stack and the photo-voltaic cell are used as renewable energy power sources. It also includes the PID control method to the solution the most encountered problems in a microgrid. The engaged control modus operandi can modulate and regulate the output voltage at an expected and paradigm value. The whole AC hybrid microgrid and its control are simulated in MATLAB/simulink R2020b.
This document summarizes a literature review on dynamic stability models of microgrids. It discusses how microgrids can integrate distributed energy resources like solar and wind power. It presents mathematical models of the components in a microgrid, including asynchronous and synchronous generators, voltage source converters, and the electrical network. It describes how to develop a small-signal state space model of a multiple distributed generator microgrid system. The document analyzes the dynamic stability of microgrids by examining how the eigenvalues change with operating conditions and system parameters. It provides an example of a current operational microgrid in Spain and discusses benefits and future applications of microgrid technologies.
Power Quality Enhancement Techniques in Hybrid AC DC Microgrid Analysis and I...ijtsrd
Distributed generators DGs that rely on renewable energy sources have become more important in the face of rising global temperatures. Substantial impetus will soon be supplied by wind, solar energy, biomass, mini hydro, and the use of fuel cells and microturbines. Distributed generation, where electricity is produced by a number of different renewable and unconventional energy sources, has emerged as a viable option for the construction of modern electrical systems because to its low environmental impact, scalability, and adaptability. A microgrid is a small scale electrical grid in which multiple loads and distributed generators are coordinated under a single set of controls. Microgrids are a kind of integrated energy delivery system that may either work in tandem with the main power grid or operate autonomously. The concept of a microgrid eliminates the need for several inverters in a single AC or DC grid and simplifies the connection of intermittent, renewable AC and DC power sources and loads. Equipment safety and security issues have been brought to light by the power electronic converters that link DGs to the utility grid. Greater local dependability, lower feeder losses, local voltage support, increased efficiency through waste heat use, voltage sag correction, and uninterruptible power supply are only some of the configuration options available to the client for the microgrid. In this study, we analyse the functionality of a hybrid AC DC microgrid while connected to the mains power supply. A solar array, a wind generator, and a battery are used to build a microgrid. The converters can now properly coordinate the AC and DC sub grids thanks to the added control techniques. Results were obtained by use of the MATLAB SIMULINK software environment. Sumit Kumar | Ashish Bhargava "Power Quality Enhancement Techniques in Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid Analysis and Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52196.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/52196/power-quality-enhancement-techniques-in-hybrid-acdc-microgrid-analysis-and-implementation/sumit-kumar
IRJET- Review Paper Hybrid Energy Storage System Micro Grid Integration with ...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a research paper on integrating a hybrid energy storage system into a microgrid using a four leg three level neutral point clamped inverter. The hybrid energy storage system combines the advantages of vanadium redox batteries and lithium-ion batteries. A four leg inverter topology is used to interface the renewable energy sources and hybrid energy storage system to the microgrid. A control strategy is developed using second order sliding mode control to manage the power flow between the energy storage systems and improve power quality. Experimental results showed the control strategy was effective at controlling the renewable energy injected into the microgrid and managing the hybrid energy storage system.
Review of Maximum Power Point Tracking Based PV Array to Produce Electric EnergyIRJET Journal
This document reviews maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for a photovoltaic (PV) array to produce electric energy. It discusses how an MPPT charge controller uses a perturbation and observation algorithm to optimize the match between the solar PV panels and a battery bank. This improves the efficiency of the solar panels and protects the battery from overcharging. The MPPT controller helps transfer maximum available power from the PV array to charge the batteries by adjusting the voltage level as sunlight intensity fluctuates throughout the day.
1MWH SOLAR PLANT CONNECTED TO MICROGRID WITH BESS CONTROLLERIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on a 1 megawatt-hour solar plant connected to a microgrid with a battery energy storage system (BESS) controller. The study models a microgrid system integrating multiple solar photovoltaic units and a BESS. It proposes a control strategy to regulate power flow between these components and the utility grid. Simulation results show the control strategy maintains load current by compensating for variations from the solar power and grid using available power from BESS. The strategy allows transfer between grid-connected and island modes of operation, with BESS responsible for maintaining voltage and frequency in island mode.
Overview: Simulation Analysis of low voltage DC micro grid - An investigation...IJSRD
The micro grid concept has the potential to solve major problems arising from large penetration of distributed generation in distribution systems. The micro grid was designed to operate connected to the main network. The micro grid operated appropriately for different steady state operating conditions. A proper control strategy should be implemented for a successful operation of a micro grid. This paper presents a performance study of a dc micro-grid when it is used a voltage droop technique to regulated the grid voltage and to control the load sharing between different sources like Photovoltaic cell , Fuel Cell, Batteries, etc. Some aspects about centralized (master-slave) and decentralized (voltage droop) control strategies are presented. In this paper, the work done in the field of Micro Grid has been reviewed.
Transient Power Flow in Micro grids with Signal Stability EnergyIOSR Journals
This document summarizes research on transient power flow in microgrids with signal stability energy. It discusses how microgrids can integrate distributed generation and energy storage to optimize power management both when connected to and isolated from the main grid. The research models different types of microgrids and proposes controls for coordinating distributed assets to regulate voltage and power flow. Simulation results demonstrate how multiple distributed generators can respond to changes in load to maintain stability during events like islanding from the utility grid.
Simulation of a microgrid for a non-interconnected zone that integrates renew...IJECEIAES
This document develops a simulation model of a microgrid for a non-interconnected zone in Colombia that integrates renewable energies. The microgrid model represents the electrical network of Puerto Carreño and includes a solar energy source, wind energy source, energy storage, and diesel generator. The simulation explores the effects of including over 30% renewable energy on load balancing and network stability. Results show that higher renewable penetration can cause imbalances affecting frequency and stability if not regulated by a control system coordinating the different energy sources and storage.
Dealing With Reactive Power in Islanded Micro Grid Corresponding Power Distri...ijtsrd
A Micro grid MG is a local energy system consisting of a number of energy sources e.g., wind turbine or solar panels among others , energy storage units, and loads that operate connected to the main electrical grid or autonomously. MGs provide flexibility, reduce the main electricity grid dependence, and contribute to changing large centralized production paradigm to local and distributed generation. However, such energy systems require complex management, advanced control, and optimization. Moreover, the power electronics converters have to be used to correct energy conversion and be interconnected through a common control structure is necessary. A classical droop control system is often implemented in MG. It allows correct operation of parallel voltage sourced converters in grid connection, as well as islanded mode of operation. However, it requires complex power management algorithms, especially in islanded MGs, which balance the system and improves reliability. The novel reactive power sharing algorithm is developed, which takes into account the parameters of the converter as apparent power limit and maximum active power. The developed solution is verified in simulation and compared with other known reactive power control methods. G. Amulya | Dr. S. V. D. Anil Kumar "Dealing With Reactive Power in Islanded Micro Grid-Corresponding Power Distribution in Hierarchical Droop Control using Photovoltaic System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26498.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/26498/dealing-with-reactive-power-in-islanded-micro-grid-corresponding-power-distribution-in-hierarchical-droop-control-using-photovoltaic-system/g-amulya
1) The document discusses a novel control strategy for microgrids that allows operation in both grid-connected and islanding modes without reconfiguration. The proposed controller is based on the synchronverter concept which emulates synchronous generator behavior.
2) Key aspects of synchronverters are described, including emulated inertia, controlled frequency dynamics, and power-frequency droop control for power sharing in island mode.
3) The proposed control strategy involves angle, frequency, and power loops instead of conventional current and voltage loops. It directly controls power output by varying power angle and voltage amplitude.
This slide presents an introduction to microgrid. This is the second class for the subject 'Distribution Generation and Smart Grid'. Class wise I will provide all the discussions and analysis.
Control of Hybrid AC DC Micro Grid Involving Energy Storage, Renewable Energy...ijtsrd
Electricity, a remarkable scientific gift to humanity, has fuelled a civilization where it is utilized for myriad purposes. Nevertheless, a paradigm shift is underway in recent times, transitioning from small generating units to large generating plants connected to distribution systems in the form of renewable energy powered micro grids. Reactive power in networks has different alignment and efficiency based on the power factor and setup stage. These rows can be classified as passive networks of independent variables based on the sequence inductance and shunting power of the rows. The reactive power flow does, however, have a number of drawbacks. By raising the attracted line at the same charge rate, it effectively lowers the attracted lines efficiency, service, and costs. This also decreases the proportion of energy stabilization. This article presents the modeling of hybrid micro grids for power system configuration performed in the MATLAB SIMULINK environment. The present work mainly covers the network operation mode of hybrid network. Models have been developed for all converters to maintain a stable system under various load and source conditions, and the control mechanism has also been studied. Dr. Shailendra Verma | Abhishek Janghel | Ashish Dewangan | Prashant Bawane "Control of Hybrid AC/DC Micro Grid Involving Energy Storage, Renewable Energy and Pulsed Loads" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd55153.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/55153/control-of-hybrid-acdc-micro-grid-involving-energy-storage-renewable-energy-and-pulsed-loads/dr-shailendra-verma
Design and Control of Micro Grid Fed by Renewable Energy Generating Sourcesijtsrd
This work presents a control of a micro grid at an isolated location fed from wind and solar based hybrid energy sources. The machine used for wind energy conversion is doubly fed induction generator DFIG and a battery bank is connected to a common DC bus of them. A solar photovoltaic PV array is used to convert solar power, which is evacuated at the common DC bus of DFIG using a DC DC boost converter in a cost effective way. The voltage and frequency are controlled through an indirect vector control of the line side converter, which is incorporated with drop characteristics. It alters the frequency set point based on the energy level of the battery, which slows down over charging or discharging of the battery. The system is also able to work when wind power source is unavailable. Both wind and solar energy blocks have maximum power point tracking MPPT in their control algorithm. Sheikh Shakir Zahoor | Baljit Kaur "Design and Control of Micro Grid Fed by Renewable Energy Generating Sources" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38240.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/38240/design-and-control-of-micro-grid-fed-by-renewable-energy-generating-sources/sheikh-shakir-zahoor
Similar to Modelling and Simulation of Energy Storage System for Grid-Connected Wind-PV System (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
Modelling and Simulation of Energy Storage System for Grid-Connected Wind-PV System
1. International Journal of Trend in
International Open Access Journal
ISSN No: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
Modelling and Simulati
Grid-Connected Wind
M.Tech Scholar, Electrical Engineering Department
YIET, Gadhauli
ABSTRACT
In this paper, a grid connected hybrid power system
comprising wind and solar based renewable energy
sources (RERs) is proposed. As these RERs
intermittent and random in nature, so a backup source
is needed for smoothening the fluctuations in RERs
output power. Battery energy storage (BESS) is
proposed for this purpose. The electrical grid of the
example represents a typical Utility distribu
system. It consists of a 120-kV transmission system
equivalent supplying a 25-kV distribution substation.
Several feeders are connected to the 25-
substation. One of them supplies the power to a
community that owns the PV farm and an ener
storage system. The grounding transformer connected
at the 25-kV bus provides a neutral point and limits
the overvoltage on the healthy phases during a single
phase fault. Its zero-sequence impedance is three
times the value of the grid positive sequenc
impedance.
I. INTRODUCTION
Fossil fuels (oil, coal and natural gas) have been
throughout history, the backbone on which industrial
activity has been developed and nowadays, they are
the main energy resource of an industrialized society
and also they have been the responsible of inequalities
between countries with a limited access to this kind of
resources, hindering their development. Figure 1
shows how fossil fuels supplied the highest amount of
energy in 2017, however, this energy model has seen
its days because the reserves of these fuels are
declining, and in accordance with studies of the IEA
(International Energy Agency), the demand of energy
will continue growing due to the reliance on
technology, enhanced living standards of developed
countries and continuous increase of population in the
developing countries [2].
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development
International Open Access Journal | www.ijtsrd.com
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | Volume - 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018
Modelling and Simulation of Energy Storage System for
Connected Wind-PV System
Ajaz Ul Haq
M.Tech Scholar, Electrical Engineering Department
YIET, Gadhauli, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
In this paper, a grid connected hybrid power system
comprising wind and solar based renewable energy
sources (RERs) is proposed. As these RERs are
intermittent and random in nature, so a backup source
is needed for smoothening the fluctuations in RERs
output power. Battery energy storage (BESS) is
proposed for this purpose. The electrical grid of the
example represents a typical Utility distribution
kV transmission system
kV distribution substation.
-kV bus of the
substation. One of them supplies the power to a
community that owns the PV farm and an energy
storage system. The grounding transformer connected
kV bus provides a neutral point and limits
the overvoltage on the healthy phases during a single-
sequence impedance is three
times the value of the grid positive sequence
Fossil fuels (oil, coal and natural gas) have been
throughout history, the backbone on which industrial
activity has been developed and nowadays, they are
the main energy resource of an industrialized society
been the responsible of inequalities
between countries with a limited access to this kind of
resources, hindering their development. Figure 1
shows how fossil fuels supplied the highest amount of
energy in 2017, however, this energy model has seen
because the reserves of these fuels are
declining, and in accordance with studies of the IEA
(International Energy Agency), the demand of energy
will continue growing due to the reliance on
technology, enhanced living standards of developed
continuous increase of population in the
II. MICROGRID STRUCTURE AND
COMPONENTS
A microgrid includes distributed energy resource
(DER) (photovoltaics, small wind turbines, fuel cells,
internal combustion engines, microturbines, etc.),
distributed energy storage devices (flywheels,
superconductor inductors, batteries, etc.), and loads.
DERs can be divided into two main groups: (i) DER
directed-coupled conventional rotating machines (e.g.,
an induction generator driven by a fixed
turbine), and (ii) DER grid-coupled with the inverter
(e.g. Photovoltaic, fuel cells, etc.). Distributed energy
storage devices can be charged with the power excess
and discharge to cover the power deficit. Thus, they
help to enhance the reliability of
making it efficient and economical. Furthermore,
energy storage is known as fast response devices.
Therefore, they also prevent transient instability and
participate to control the voltage and the frequency of
the microgrid by providing the balance reserve
ranging from short time. The diagram of a microgrid
which includes many systems: PV, a variable
wind generator, fuel cell, microturbine and a battery
energy storage system is shown in Figure 1. Each
distributed energy resource
corresponding bus through a power
converter. The microgrid is connected to the upstream
network at the Point of common coupling (PCC). The
power is furnished from a Low
transmission grid, through a substation
The microgrid operates with two modes: the grid
connected mode and the islanded mode. In the grid
connected mode, the PCC is closed and the microgrid
is connected with the main grid. It leads that the
microgrid can exchange energy with the mai
When the upstream network occurs the disturbance or
the microgrid gets the optimal operation state, the
switch at PCC can be opened to disconnect the
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
www.ijtsrd.com
1 | Nov – Dec 2018
Dec 2018 Page: 591
on of Energy Storage System for
MICROGRID STRUCTURE AND
A microgrid includes distributed energy resource
(DER) (photovoltaics, small wind turbines, fuel cells,
internal combustion engines, microturbines, etc.),
distributed energy storage devices (flywheels,
superconductor inductors, batteries, etc.), and loads.
DERs can be divided into two main groups: (i) DER
coupled conventional rotating machines (e.g.,
an induction generator driven by a fixed-speed wind
coupled with the inverter
(e.g. Photovoltaic, fuel cells, etc.). Distributed energy
storage devices can be charged with the power excess
and discharge to cover the power deficit. Thus, they
help to enhance the reliability of microgrid as well as
making it efficient and economical. Furthermore,
energy storage is known as fast response devices.
Therefore, they also prevent transient instability and
participate to control the voltage and the frequency of
ng the balance reserve
ranging from short time. The diagram of a microgrid
which includes many systems: PV, a variable-speed
wind generator, fuel cell, microturbine and a battery
energy storage system is shown in Figure 1. Each
distributed energy resource is interfaced with its
corresponding bus through a power-electronic
converter. The microgrid is connected to the upstream
network at the Point of common coupling (PCC). The
power is furnished from a Low-voltage (LV)
transmission grid, through a substation transformer.
The microgrid operates with two modes: the grid-
connected mode and the islanded mode. In the grid-
connected mode, the PCC is closed and the microgrid
is connected with the main grid. It leads that the
microgrid can exchange energy with the main grid.
When the upstream network occurs the disturbance or
the microgrid gets the optimal operation state, the
switch at PCC can be opened to disconnect the
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
microgrid. Thus, the microgrid can continue to
operate in the so called islanded mode.
Figure 1: A studied Microgrid structure
MICROGRID OPERATION
Two operation modes of microgrid can be defined as
follows:
I. Grid-connected Mode:
The microgrid (MG) is connected to the upstream
network. The MG can receive totally or partially
the energy by the main grid (depending on the
power sharing). On the other hand, the power
excess can be sent to the main grid (when the total
production exceeds consumption).
II. Island Mode:
When the upstream network has a failure, or there
are some planned actions (for example, in order to
perform maintenance actions), the MG can
smoothly move to islanded operation. Thus, the
MG operate autonomously, is called island mode,
in a similar way to the electric power systems of
the physical islands.
Furthermore, the operation of the microgrid may
depend on conflicting interests among different
stakeholders involved in electricity supply, such as
system/network operators, DG owner
operators, energy suppliers, and so on, as well as
customers or regulatory bodies. Optimal operation of
microgrid is based on economic, technical, or
environmental aspects [1]. The microgrid operation
strategies are presented in Figure 2.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018
microgrid. Thus, the microgrid can continue to
A studied Microgrid structure
Two operation modes of microgrid can be defined as
(MG) is connected to the upstream
network. The MG can receive totally or partially
the energy by the main grid (depending on the
power sharing). On the other hand, the power
excess can be sent to the main grid (when the total
When the upstream network has a failure, or there
are some planned actions (for example, in order to
perform maintenance actions), the MG can
smoothly move to islanded operation. Thus, the
MG operate autonomously, is called island mode,
in a similar way to the electric power systems of
Furthermore, the operation of the microgrid may
depend on conflicting interests among different
stakeholders involved in electricity supply, such as
system/network operators, DG owners, DER
operators, energy suppliers, and so on, as well as
customers or regulatory bodies. Optimal operation of
microgrid is based on economic, technical, or
environmental aspects [1]. The microgrid operation
Figure 2: The microgrid operation strategies
There are four operational options as follows:
Economic option
Technical option
Environmental option
Combined objective option
A. The economic option
In the economic option, the objective function is to
minimize total costs of DER operation and Revenue.
This option assumes lost cost and emission
obligations. The constraints are expressed as the
physical constraints of DER and energy balance. The
economic mode of microgrid operation is shown in
Figure 3.
Figure 3: The economic mode of microgrid operation
B. The technical option
The technical mode of microgrid operation is
presented in Figure 4. The power loss is demonstrated
as the objective function. The voltage variation and
Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Dec 2018 Page: 592
2: The microgrid operation strategies
There are four operational options as follows:
Combined objective option
In the economic option, the objective function is to
osts of DER operation and Revenue.
This option assumes lost cost and emission
obligations. The constraints are expressed as the
physical constraints of DER and energy balance. The
economic mode of microgrid operation is shown in
conomic mode of microgrid operation
The technical mode of microgrid operation is
presented in Figure 4. The power loss is demonstrated
as the objective function. The voltage variation and
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
device loading, DER physical limits and energy
balance are the constraints.
Figure 4: The technical mode of microgrid operation
C. The environmental option
The environmental mode of MG operation is shown in
Figure 3.5. The DER units with lower specific
emission levels will be the target of choice which
does not consider the financial or technical aspects.
The emission cost is given as the objective of this
option.
Figure 3.5: The environmental mode of microgrid
operation
D. The combined option
The combined option solves a mu
problem to satisfy all of the economic, technical and
environmental aspects. The objective function
includes the economic and the economic equivalents
of the technical and environmental, considering
constraints from the voltage variation and
DER physical limits and the balance energy. The
combine mode of microgrid operation is shown in
Figure 6.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018
physical limits and energy
Figure 4: The technical mode of microgrid operation
The environmental mode of MG operation is shown in
Figure 3.5. The DER units with lower specific
e the target of choice which
does not consider the financial or technical aspects.
The emission cost is given as the objective of this
Figure 3.5: The environmental mode of microgrid
The combined option solves a multi-objective
problem to satisfy all of the economic, technical and
environmental aspects. The objective function
includes the economic and the economic equivalents
of the technical and environmental, considering
constraints from the voltage variation and loading,
DER physical limits and the balance energy. The
combine mode of microgrid operation is shown in
Figure 6: The combined objective mode of microgrid
operation
1. Solar cell modelling
Solar cell can be modelled as current source (Iph) in
parallel with Diode (D), Shunt resistance (Rsh) and
series resistance (Rse).Current and voltage profile of
the solar cell depends on Atmosphere temperature (T),
and irradiance (S). The output power of Photo voltaic
cell is given by P=V*I. The current produ
PV cell is equal to the current produced by the current
source minus the diode and shunt resistance current.
The light generated current of Photo voltaic cell
depends on the solar irradiation and the temperature.
IshIdIphI
1000
*)](*[
S
TrTKiISCIph
)1(
*(
AKT
Rsivq
eIoId
KA
TTr
Egq
e
Tr
T
IorIo *
11
**
3
**
I=output current of the PV cell.
Iph=cell generated current Id=Diode current
Ish=current drawn by the shunt resistance
Isc=short circuit of the PV cell.
Ki=short circuit temp coefficient of cell
(0.0032A/k(approx...)) T=module operating
temperature in kelvin
Tr=reference temperature in kelvin=298k
Q=charge of electron=1.9 ∗ 10
S=module irradiance (/m2
)
Eg=energy band gap=1.1ev A=ideality factor=1.6
K=Boltzmann constant=1.38 ∗
Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Dec 2018 Page: 593
Figure 6: The combined objective mode of microgrid
operation
Solar cell can be modelled as current source (Iph) in
parallel with Diode (D), Shunt resistance (Rsh) and
series resistance (Rse).Current and voltage profile of
the solar cell depends on Atmosphere temperature (T),
and irradiance (S). The output power of Photo voltaic
cell is given by P=V*I. The current produced by the
PV cell is equal to the current produced by the current
source minus the diode and shunt resistance current.
The light generated current of Photo voltaic cell
depends on the solar irradiation and the temperature.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
I=output current of the PV cell.
Iph=cell generated current Id=Diode current
Ish=current drawn by the shunt resistance
Isc=short circuit of the PV cell.
t temp coefficient of cell
(0.0032A/k(approx...)) T=module operating
Tr=reference temperature in kelvin=298k
10−19
Eg=energy band gap=1.1ev A=ideality factor=1.6
∗ 10−23
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
The important parameters of solar cell are open circuit
voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), Maximum
Output power (Pmax).
2. Equivalent circuit
Here is the source current or the solar cell current
which is of nearly constant. Id is the diode current,
Diode is placed in parallel to ground the cells which
are which are affected by the unshaded portion of the
sun irradiation. Rsh is to to represent the leakage
current that is presented in the cell which is the order
of 1000 ohms. Rse is the series resistance to replace
the losses present the cell. Vo is the output voltage or
the open circuit voltage presented, at the terminals of
the cell. Io is the current available at the output of the
cell. The equivalent circuit of the solar cell is shown
as below.
Figure.7. Equivalent circuit of PV cell
The source current generated the cell is constant, as
and when the temperature are constant. As the current
generated by the cell depends on the temperature and
the solar irradiation. The diode current has the steeply
increasing characteristics, with the v
output current is the combination of cell current and
the diode current, it results in the nonlinear
characteristics of the output current and the voltage.
3. Parameters of solar cell
Open circuit voltage (Voc)
Open circuit voltage is the no load voltage that
appears across the terminals of the PV cell. Open
circuit voltage voltage of the PV cell depends
completely on the temperature (T).If the temperature
of the PV cell increases then the output voltage of the
solar cell or module decreases. By increasing the no
of series cells we can increase the open circuit voltage
of the solar module. Typically the open circuit voltage
of the cell at temperature 25 degrees is about 0.6v for
silicon cell.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018
The important parameters of solar cell are open circuit
voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), Maximum
Here is the source current or the solar cell current
constant. Id is the diode current,
Diode is placed in parallel to ground the cells which
are which are affected by the unshaded portion of the
is to to represent the leakage
current that is presented in the cell which is the order
000 ohms. Rse is the series resistance to replace
the losses present the cell. Vo is the output voltage or
the open circuit voltage presented, at the terminals of
the cell. Io is the current available at the output of the
e solar cell is shown
Figure.7. Equivalent circuit of PV cell
The source current generated the cell is constant, as
and when the temperature are constant. As the current
generated by the cell depends on the temperature and
the solar irradiation. The diode current has the steeply
increasing characteristics, with the voltage. The
output current is the combination of cell current and
the diode current, it results in the nonlinear
characteristics of the output current and the voltage.
d voltage that
appears across the terminals of the PV cell. Open
circuit voltage voltage of the PV cell depends
completely on the temperature (T).If the temperature
of the PV cell increases then the output voltage of the
increasing the no
of series cells we can increase the open circuit voltage
of the solar module. Typically the open circuit voltage
of the cell at temperature 25 degrees is about 0.6v for
Short circuit current (Isc)
Short circuit current of the cell is the maximum
current that will flow under short circuit condition or
zero voltage condition, and when the output terminals
are short circuited. Short circuit current of the cell
directly depends on the solar irradiance and reduces
when the PN junction temperature decreases. Typical
ratings of Short circuit current of PV panel ranges
from 1-10 amps.
Series resistance (Rse)
Series resistance is placed in the model of solar cell to
replace the losses occur in that. If the Rse increases
then the losses, voltage drop increases. Which results
in the sagging of current controlled portion of I
curve. Loss due to PV cell is given by Vrse*Irse or
Irse2
∗Rse . The value of the Rse is low and nearly less
than 1 ohm.
Shunt resistance (Rsh)
The shunt resistance in the PV cell is to represent the
leakage current occur in the cell, generally the value
of Rsh is of high value of the order of thousands of
ohms. Decreased in the value of Rsh results into the
increase in the value of the leakage current, which
results into the drop in the net output current intern
reduces the open circuit voltage.
Reverse saturation current
When the output cell current of the PV cell increases
then the Voc reduces because the cell temperature
increases, there by the reverse saturati
the cell increases. Reverse saturation current is
effectively known as leakage current.
III. SIMULATION
A micro-grid (grid-connected PV system) system is
modelled and developed in MATLAB/Simulink. The
micro-grid in congestion with main grid is de
feed a load of a community and simulation is
performed for one year as shown in Figure 8. BESS is
incorporated to minimize the power outage when
main grid or PV system output is not available.
The simulation is performed for variable solar
irradiance and variable load throughout the year. The
optimum size requirement of different components of
the proposed system is calculate by taking power
outage, overall coat and environmental concerns into
consideration.
Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Dec 2018 Page: 594
he cell is the maximum
current that will flow under short circuit condition or
zero voltage condition, and when the output terminals
are short circuited. Short circuit current of the cell
directly depends on the solar irradiance and reduces
ction temperature decreases. Typical
ratings of Short circuit current of PV panel ranges
Series resistance is placed in the model of solar cell to
replace the losses occur in that. If the Rse increases
es, voltage drop increases. Which results
in the sagging of current controlled portion of I-V
curve. Loss due to PV cell is given by Vrse*Irse or
Rse . The value of the Rse is low and nearly less
ce in the PV cell is to represent the
leakage current occur in the cell, generally the value
of Rsh is of high value of the order of thousands of
ohms. Decreased in the value of Rsh results into the
increase in the value of the leakage current, which
ts into the drop in the net output current intern
reduces the open circuit voltage.
When the output cell current of the PV cell increases
then the Voc reduces because the cell temperature
increases, there by the reverse saturation current of
the cell increases. Reverse saturation current is
effectively known as leakage current.
connected PV system) system is
modelled and developed in MATLAB/Simulink. The
grid in congestion with main grid is designed to
feed a load of a community and simulation is
performed for one year as shown in Figure 8. BESS is
incorporated to minimize the power outage when
main grid or PV system output is not available.
The simulation is performed for variable solar
throughout the year. The
optimum size requirement of different components of
the proposed system is calculate by taking power
outage, overall coat and environmental concerns into
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
Figure 8 MATLAB/Simulink model of grid connected PV system
A. LOAD CALCULATIONS
The load for a community is for summer and winter season. AS expected, in summer season the requirement of
the power is more as compared to the winter season. The load is calculated in that manner is shown in Table 1.
Table 1.
Sr.
No.
Load
No. in
Use (Watts)
1. CFLs 04
2. CFLs 02
3. Ceiling Fans 02
4. TVs 01
5.
Water
pumps
01
6. Refrigerators (1×0.25) *
Total
A. No. of house 332
Commercial purpose, temples and street light load
1. Shops 10
2. Temples 02
3. Street lights 30
C. Total
Schools and primary health center load
1. CFLs 40
2. Ceiling Fans 30
3. Computers 03
C. Total
A
c
A
c
A
c
A
<Grid>
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2018
Figure 8 MATLAB/Simulink model of grid connected PV system with BESS
The load for a community is for summer and winter season. AS expected, in summer season the requirement of
the power is more as compared to the winter season. The load is calculated in that manner is shown in Table 1.
Estimated load for the selected location.
Power
(Watts)
Summers (April-
October)
Winters (November
Hours/Day Wh/Day Hours/Day
Domestic appliances load
20 06 480 07
10 05 100 06
50 10 1000 00
75 03 225 03
500 01 500 0.5
500 06 750 00
3055
1151735
Commercial purpose, temples and street light load
600 10 60000 08
500 06 6000 06
50 10 15000 12
81000
Schools and primary health center load
20 02 1600 03
50 06 9000 00
250 05 3750 05
14350
A
c
(600V)
(600V)
A
c
A
c
A
c
Breaker
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
2018 Page: 595
with BESS
The load for a community is for summer and winter season. AS expected, in summer season the requirement of
the power is more as compared to the winter season. The load is calculated in that manner is shown in Table 1.
Winters (November-
March)
Hours/Day Wh/Day
07 560
06 120
00 00
03 225
0.5 250
00 00
1155
435435
08 48000
06 6000
12 18000
72000
03 2400
00 00
05 3750
6150
A
c
(600V)
c
A
6. International Journal of Trend in Scientific
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
Figure 9. Daily load profile for a the summer and winter season
5.1. TEMPERATURE PROFILE
The temperature profile of the location is one of the factors that is
system for that location. Figure 10. shows the temperature profile for that location. As expected, in mid of the
year the temperature level is on higher side, whereas in starting and end of the year temperature i
side.
Figure 10. Temperature profile of the location
5.2. SOLAR IRRADIANCE PROFILE
The output power of PV system is directly proportional to the solar irradiance available at that location. Higher
the solar irradiance more will be the output
maximum amount of solar irradiance is available and maximum power of the solar system is for those months.
Figure 11 Solar irradiance at the location
5.3. LOAD PROFILE
As per the load calculate din Table.1, the load is maximum in the month of May and June. Figure 12 shows the
load profile.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018
Figure 9. Daily load profile for a the summer and winter season
The temperature profile of the location is one of the factors that is responsible for output generated by the PV
system for that location. Figure 10. shows the temperature profile for that location. As expected, in mid of the
year the temperature level is on higher side, whereas in starting and end of the year temperature i
Figure 10. Temperature profile of the location
SOLAR IRRADIANCE PROFILE
The output power of PV system is directly proportional to the solar irradiance available at that location. Higher
the solar irradiance more will be the output power generated by the PV system. In the month of May and June
maximum amount of solar irradiance is available and maximum power of the solar system is for those months.
Figure 11 Solar irradiance at the location
ate din Table.1, the load is maximum in the month of May and June. Figure 12 shows the
Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Dec 2018 Page: 596
Figure 9. Daily load profile for a the summer and winter season
responsible for output generated by the PV
system for that location. Figure 10. shows the temperature profile for that location. As expected, in mid of the
year the temperature level is on higher side, whereas in starting and end of the year temperature is on lower
The output power of PV system is directly proportional to the solar irradiance available at that location. Higher
power generated by the PV system. In the month of May and June
maximum amount of solar irradiance is available and maximum power of the solar system is for those months.
ate din Table.1, the load is maximum in the month of May and June. Figure 12 shows the
7. International Journal of Trend in Scientific
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
5.4. POWER TO/FROM THE GRID
If the PV system is not generating enough power to feed the load, power is purchased from the grid.
surplus power is available the power is given back to the grid. Figure 13 shows the power flow to/from the grid.
5.5. BESS POWER
BESS is used for limiting the power outage when PV system and grid power is not available.
between the load and supply is the power to/from the BESS. If surplus power is available the BESS is in
charging state and if there is requirement of power BESS will provide that power and goes in to discharging
state. Figure 14 shows the power profile of the BESS.
State of Charge (SoC) of BESS is also shown in Figure 15. As from the figure it is clear that, in the peak load
season, i.e. summer season the BESS goes in frequent charge/discharge state. Whereas d
when the load is not as high, BESS is in idle state and remains in its maximum charge state i.e. 90%.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018
Figure 12 Load profile
POWER TO/FROM THE GRID
If the PV system is not generating enough power to feed the load, power is purchased from the grid.
surplus power is available the power is given back to the grid. Figure 13 shows the power flow to/from the grid.
Figure 5.6 Grid power
BESS is used for limiting the power outage when PV system and grid power is not available.
between the load and supply is the power to/from the BESS. If surplus power is available the BESS is in
charging state and if there is requirement of power BESS will provide that power and goes in to discharging
ower profile of the BESS.
Figure 14 Power flow of BESS
State of Charge (SoC) of BESS is also shown in Figure 15. As from the figure it is clear that, in the peak load
season, i.e. summer season the BESS goes in frequent charge/discharge state. Whereas d
when the load is not as high, BESS is in idle state and remains in its maximum charge state i.e. 90%.
Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Dec 2018 Page: 597
If the PV system is not generating enough power to feed the load, power is purchased from the grid. If there is
surplus power is available the power is given back to the grid. Figure 13 shows the power flow to/from the grid.
BESS is used for limiting the power outage when PV system and grid power is not available. The difference
between the load and supply is the power to/from the BESS. If surplus power is available the BESS is in
charging state and if there is requirement of power BESS will provide that power and goes in to discharging
State of Charge (SoC) of BESS is also shown in Figure 15. As from the figure it is clear that, in the peak load
season, i.e. summer season the BESS goes in frequent charge/discharge state. Whereas during winter season,
when the load is not as high, BESS is in idle state and remains in its maximum charge state i.e. 90%.
8. International Journal of Trend in Scientific
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
5.6. COMPAISON OF DIFFERENT POWER
The power generated and absorbed by different components of the micro
always should be balance between supply and demand for continuous power supply. Figure 16 shows the
waveforms of different components of microgrid. This figure shows the daily profile and it can easily be
observed by the waveform that if there is any deficiency in the power BESS gets in to discharging mode. If any
deficiency still remains then grid will compensate that. On the other hand, if there is surplus power is available
the BESS will start charging.
Figure 16. Power
VI. Conclusions
This study sought out to answer the question if the
design of a microgrid with renewable energy sources
is feasible/viable, even in conditions of low energy
efficiency and high installation cost (worst case
scenarios). This work provides a high-level overview
and proposes a method to model the tasks associated
with energy, economic and environmental issues. The
findings presented in this document are based on a
methodology that has simplifications about system
design and overall feasibility. Based on the findings,
the microgrid of the present study is considered to be
feasible (both techno-economically and
environmentally) and attractive to investment. In this
thesis, a multi-string grid-connected photovoltaic
(PV) system with harmonic compensation was
presented. For the general configuration, a novel
topology of central inverter with individual DC/DC
converter was introduced to model the grid interface
of solar arrays. Then DC transmission lines were also
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018
Figure 15. SoC of BESS
COMPAISON OF DIFFERENT POWER
The power generated and absorbed by different components of the micro-grid is shown in Figure 5.9. There
always should be balance between supply and demand for continuous power supply. Figure 16 shows the
waveforms of different components of microgrid. This figure shows the daily profile and it can easily be
eform that if there is any deficiency in the power BESS gets in to discharging mode. If any
deficiency still remains then grid will compensate that. On the other hand, if there is surplus power is available
Figure 16. Power waveform of different components of microgrid
This study sought out to answer the question if the
design of a microgrid with renewable energy sources
is feasible/viable, even in conditions of low energy
iency and high installation cost (worst case
level overview
and proposes a method to model the tasks associated
with energy, economic and environmental issues. The
findings presented in this document are based on a
hodology that has simplifications about system
design and overall feasibility. Based on the findings,
the microgrid of the present study is considered to be
economically and
environmentally) and attractive to investment. In this
connected photovoltaic
(PV) system with harmonic compensation was
presented. For the general configuration, a novel
topology of central inverter with individual DC/DC
converter was introduced to model the grid interface
ys. Then DC transmission lines were also
proposed to emulate the short distance between solar
arrays and the central inverter. For the distribution
network, two segments of distribution lines with
three-phase resistive load were developed to simplify
the real distribution network. The system performance
and transient response under disturbance conditions
were analyzed in MATLAB. Later on, small signal
analysis was also carried out to validate the simulation
model. The results showed that the system remain
stable under the disturbance and the performance was
acceptable.
REFERENCES
1. Thomas S. Basso, “High
connected photovoltaic technology codes and
standards”, 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists
Conference, 2008, pp. 1-4
2. Yang Weidong, Zhou Xia, Xue Feng, “Impacts of
large scale and high voltage level photovoltaic
Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Dec 2018 Page: 598
d is shown in Figure 5.9. There
always should be balance between supply and demand for continuous power supply. Figure 16 shows the
waveforms of different components of microgrid. This figure shows the daily profile and it can easily be
eform that if there is any deficiency in the power BESS gets in to discharging mode. If any
deficiency still remains then grid will compensate that. On the other hand, if there is surplus power is available
waveform of different components of microgrid
proposed to emulate the short distance between solar
arrays and the central inverter. For the distribution
network, two segments of distribution lines with
phase resistive load were developed to simplify
real distribution network. The system performance
and transient response under disturbance conditions
were analyzed in MATLAB. Later on, small signal
analysis was also carried out to validate the simulation
model. The results showed that the system remained
stable under the disturbance and the performance was
Thomas S. Basso, “High-penetration, grid-
connected photovoltaic technology codes and
standards”, 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists
4
Yang Weidong, Zhou Xia, Xue Feng, “Impacts of
large scale and high voltage level photovoltaic
9. International Journal of Trend in Scientific
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
penetration on the security and stability of power
system”, Asia-Pacific Power and Energy
Engineering Conference, 2010, pp. 1
3. H. C. Seo, C. H. Kim, Y. M. Yoon, C. S. Jung,
“Dynamics of grid-connected photovoltaic system
at fault conditions”, Asia and Pacific
Transmission & Distribution Conference &
Exposition, 2009, pp. 1-4
4. S. Phuttapatimok, A. Sangswang, M. Seapan, D.
Chenvidhya, and K. Kirtikara, “Evaluat
contribution in the presence of PV grid
systems”, 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists
Conference, 2008, pp. 1-5
5. Prajna Paramita Dash, Mehrdad Kazerani, “Study
of islanding behavior of a gridconnected
photovoltaic system equipped with a feed
control scheme”, 36th Annual Conference on
IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Nov 2010,
pp. 3228-3234
6. Li Wang, Ying-Hao Lin, “Dynamic stability
analyses of a photovoltaic Ito, H. Miyata,
7. M. Taniguchi, T. Aihara, N. Uchiyama, and H.
Konishi, “Harmonic current reduction control for
grid-connected PV generation systems”,
International Power Electronics Conference, 2010,
pp. 1695-1700 C. Rodriguez, G. A. J.
Amaratunga, “Dynamic stability of grid
connected photovoltaic systems”, IEEE Power
Engineering Society General Meeting, June 2004,
pp. 2193-2199
8. Li Wang, Tzu-Ching Lin, “Dynamic stability and
transient responses of multiple gridconnected PV
systems”, IEEE/PES Transmission and
Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2008, pp.
1-6
9. Amirnaser Yazdani, Prajna Paramita Dash, “A
control methodology and characterization of
dynamics for a photovoltaic (PV) system
interfaced with a distribution network”, IEEE
Trans. on Power Delivery, 2009, vol. 24, pp.
1538-1551
10. Chris S. Edrington, Saritha Balatha
Jianwu Cao, “Analysis and control of a multi
string photovoltaic (PV) system interfaced with a
utility grid”, IEEE Power and Energy Society
General Meeting, 2010, pp. 1-6
11. Chris S. Edrington, Saritha Balathandayuthapani,
and Jianwu Cao, “Analysis of integrated storage
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018
penetration on the security and stability of power
Pacific Power and Energy
Engineering Conference, 2010, pp. 1-5 [3]
oon, C. S. Jung,
connected photovoltaic system
at fault conditions”, Asia and Pacific
Transmission & Distribution Conference &
S. Phuttapatimok, A. Sangswang, M. Seapan, D.
Chenvidhya, and K. Kirtikara, “Evaluation of fault
contribution in the presence of PV grid-connected
systems”, 33rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists
Prajna Paramita Dash, Mehrdad Kazerani, “Study
of islanding behavior of a gridconnected
a feed-forward
control scheme”, 36th Annual Conference on
IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Nov 2010,
Hao Lin, “Dynamic stability
analyses of a photovoltaic Ito, H. Miyata,
M. Taniguchi, T. Aihara, N. Uchiyama, and H.
shi, “Harmonic current reduction control for
connected PV generation systems”,
International Power Electronics Conference, 2010,
1700 C. Rodriguez, G. A. J.
Amaratunga, “Dynamic stability of grid-
connected photovoltaic systems”, IEEE Power
gineering Society General Meeting, June 2004,
Ching Lin, “Dynamic stability and
transient responses of multiple gridconnected PV
systems”, IEEE/PES Transmission and
Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2008, pp.
r Yazdani, Prajna Paramita Dash, “A
control methodology and characterization of
dynamics for a photovoltaic (PV) system
interfaced with a distribution network”, IEEE
Trans. on Power Delivery, 2009, vol. 24, pp.
Chris S. Edrington, Saritha Balathandayuthapani,
Jianwu Cao, “Analysis and control of a multi-
string photovoltaic (PV) system interfaced with a
utility grid”, IEEE Power and Energy Society
Chris S. Edrington, Saritha Balathandayuthapani,
sis of integrated storage
and grid interfaced photovoltaic system via nine
switch three-level inverter”, IECON 2010
Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics
Society, Nov 2010, pp. 3258
12. Masahide Hojo, Tokuo Ohnishi, “Adjustable
harmonic mitigation for grid
photovoltaic system utilizing surplus capacity of
utility interactive inverter”, 37th IEEE Power
Electronics Specialists Conference, 2006, pp. 1
13. Seyed Hossein Hosseini, Mitra Sarhangzadeh,
Mohammad B. B. Sharifian, Farzad sed
“Using PV in distribution network to supply local
loads and power quality enhancement”,
International Conference on Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, 2009, pp. 249
14. Xiaogao Chen, Qing Fu, Donghai Wang,
“Performance analysis of PV gridconn
conditioning system with UPS”, 4 th IEEE
Conference on Industrial Electronics and
Applications, 2009, pp. 2172
15. Jing Li, Fang Zhuo, Jinjun Liu, Xianwei Wang,
Bo Wen, Lin Wang, Song Ni, “Study on unified
control of grid-connected generation
harmonic compensation in dual
capacity PV system”, IEEE Energy Conversion
Congress and Exposition, 2009, pp. 3336
16. Xiaogao Chen, Qing Fu, David Infield, Shijie Yu,
“Modeling and control of Zsource grid
PV system with APF func
Universities Power Engineering Conference,
2009, pp. 1-5
17. Hongyu Li, Fang Zhuo, Zhaoan Wang, Wanjun
Lei, and Longhui Wu, “A novel time
current-detection algorithm for shunt active power
filters”, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems
vol. 20, pp. 644-651
18. Gyeong-Hun Kim, Hyo-
Jang, Sang-Soo Park, Sang
“Performance Analysis of the anti
function of a PV-AF system under multiple PV
system connections”, International Conference on
Electrical Machines and Systems, 2009, pp. 1
19. Indranil Bhattacharya, Yuhang Deng, Simon Y.
Foo, “Active filters for harmonics elimination in
solar photovoltaic grid-connected and stand
systems”, 2 nd Asia Symposium on Quality
Electronic Design, 2010, pp. 280
Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Dec 2018 Page: 599
and grid interfaced photovoltaic system via nine-
level inverter”, IECON 2010-36th
Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics
Society, Nov 2010, pp. 3258-3262
Masahide Hojo, Tokuo Ohnishi, “Adjustable
itigation for grid-connected
photovoltaic system utilizing surplus capacity of
utility interactive inverter”, 37th IEEE Power
Electronics Specialists Conference, 2006, pp. 1-6
Seyed Hossein Hosseini, Mitra Sarhangzadeh,
Mohammad B. B. Sharifian, Farzad sedaghati,
“Using PV in distribution network to supply local
loads and power quality enhancement”,
International Conference on Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, 2009, pp. 249-253
Xiaogao Chen, Qing Fu, Donghai Wang,
“Performance analysis of PV gridconnected power
conditioning system with UPS”, 4 th IEEE
Conference on Industrial Electronics and
Applications, 2009, pp. 2172-2176
Jing Li, Fang Zhuo, Jinjun Liu, Xianwei Wang,
Bo Wen, Lin Wang, Song Ni, “Study on unified
connected generation and
harmonic compensation in dual-stage high-
capacity PV system”, IEEE Energy Conversion
Congress and Exposition, 2009, pp. 3336-3342
Xiaogao Chen, Qing Fu, David Infield, Shijie Yu,
“Modeling and control of Zsource grid-connected
PV system with APF function”, 44th International
Universities Power Engineering Conference,
Hongyu Li, Fang Zhuo, Zhaoan Wang, Wanjun
Lei, and Longhui Wu, “A novel time-domain
detection algorithm for shunt active power
filters”, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, 2005,
-Rong Seo, Seong-Jae
Soo Park, Sang-Yong Kim,
“Performance Analysis of the anti-islanding
AF system under multiple PV
system connections”, International Conference on
achines and Systems, 2009, pp. 1-5
Indranil Bhattacharya, Yuhang Deng, Simon Y.
Foo, “Active filters for harmonics elimination in
connected and stand-alone
systems”, 2 nd Asia Symposium on Quality
Electronic Design, 2010, pp. 280-284