The document discusses a case study of rural electrification through solar photovoltaic systems on Sagar Island in West Bengal, India. It describes the 10 solar power stations that have been installed on the island between 1996-2006 by the West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency to provide electricity to over 2000 families for 6 hours per day. The study analyzes the rural electrification scenario through renewable energy on the isolated island and finds that solar power has benefited residents but that connecting the isolated renewable power plants to the grid presents challenges.
Renewable Energy Power Projects for Rural Electrification in IndiaMohit Sharma
As demand for energy is increasing around the world & in India, there is a positive growth trend coming in the renewable energy sector also. There are many rural and remote areas which are energy deficient.
Private companies are encouraged by Government creating opportunities by various governmental schemes like Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojna, Distributed Decentralized Generation and support in finance, distribution, technology, land, etc. As every area has its dynamics and differs from others in terms of topography, density of population and energy needs, there is a need of study for specific features related to a region (like a cluster of 19 villages in Gaya, Bihar requiring about 750kw Plant studied here) with the help of surveys, financial tools and earlier standards. Other renewable sources and areas are also covered in the book. The confidential information is edited-redacted.
Design and Calculation of Solar Power Plant in Myanmarijtsrd
PV technology is the most famous among the several renewable energy technologies that was adopted globally. According to Myanmar weather condition, solar power plants are the best renewable energy source to provide electricity for both urban and rural areas. The case study is selected Tat Thit Kyun where is situated Latitude 18°44N and Longitude 95°11E 5.6 mile away from Padaung Township. 312 kWh demand is needed for 387 numbers of household. Data is obtained from Meteorological data of the village and NASA. Dr. Zarchi San | Dr. Than Zaw Htwe | Daw Thidar Win Ngwe "Design and Calculation of Solar Power Plant in Myanmar" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27999.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27999/design-and-calculation-of-solar-power-plant-in-myanmar/dr-zarchi-san
Renewable Energy Power Projects for Rural Electrification in IndiaMohit Sharma
As demand for energy is increasing around the world & in India, there is a positive growth trend coming in the renewable energy sector also. There are many rural and remote areas which are energy deficient.
Private companies are encouraged by Government creating opportunities by various governmental schemes like Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojna, Distributed Decentralized Generation and support in finance, distribution, technology, land, etc. As every area has its dynamics and differs from others in terms of topography, density of population and energy needs, there is a need of study for specific features related to a region (like a cluster of 19 villages in Gaya, Bihar requiring about 750kw Plant studied here) with the help of surveys, financial tools and earlier standards. Other renewable sources and areas are also covered in the book. The confidential information is edited-redacted.
Design and Calculation of Solar Power Plant in Myanmarijtsrd
PV technology is the most famous among the several renewable energy technologies that was adopted globally. According to Myanmar weather condition, solar power plants are the best renewable energy source to provide electricity for both urban and rural areas. The case study is selected Tat Thit Kyun where is situated Latitude 18°44N and Longitude 95°11E 5.6 mile away from Padaung Township. 312 kWh demand is needed for 387 numbers of household. Data is obtained from Meteorological data of the village and NASA. Dr. Zarchi San | Dr. Than Zaw Htwe | Daw Thidar Win Ngwe "Design and Calculation of Solar Power Plant in Myanmar" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27999.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27999/design-and-calculation-of-solar-power-plant-in-myanmar/dr-zarchi-san
This presentation talks about the existing power scenario in India. It gives a statistical idea on the distribution of energy across India, and thus predicts India's future energy demands.
The presentation is mostly focused on the Renewable Energy and there Prospects in India. In the presentation there is important points for the World's Renewable Energy and also for the India's Renewable Energy.
METHODOLOGY :
In our present study planning to develop a hybrid power generation model consists of Rain water power(hydro), Solar PV and Wind energy, the process of working and installation as below:
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse before it reaches the aquifer.
In this technique, we channel the water falling on roof tops of buildings and homes, and open spaces to a storage tank through a filter. Excess water is directed to a well or pit through which water seeps in earth to increase water table.
The generated power is converted and collected using power electronics and power systems devices respectively.
OBJECTIVES :
To install Solar PV technology in order to trap solar radiation for converting into electrical energy.
To install the wind turbine for converting wind energy into electrical energy to pump the water for hydro-plant.
Integrate the complete system composed of hydro, solar, wind energy
Assess the performance of the system.
Renewable Energy & Green Finance Landscape in BangladeshMahbub-Un- Nabi
An overview on Renewable Energy sector of Bangladesh along with Green Energy Finance. The policy Intervention of Central Bank and Government of BAngladesh
Lightning Talk #9: How UX and Data Storytelling Can Shape Policy by Mika Aldabaux singapore
How can we take UX and Data Storytelling out of the tech context and use them to change the way government behaves?
Showcasing the truth is the highest goal of data storytelling. Because the design of a chart can affect the interpretation of data in a major way, one must wield visual tools with care and deliberation. Using quantitative facts to evoke an emotional response is best achieved with the combination of UX and data storytelling.
Content personalisation is becoming more prevalent. A site, it's content and/or it's products, change dynamically according to the specific needs of the user. SEO needs to ensure we do not fall behind of this trend.
This presentation talks about the existing power scenario in India. It gives a statistical idea on the distribution of energy across India, and thus predicts India's future energy demands.
The presentation is mostly focused on the Renewable Energy and there Prospects in India. In the presentation there is important points for the World's Renewable Energy and also for the India's Renewable Energy.
METHODOLOGY :
In our present study planning to develop a hybrid power generation model consists of Rain water power(hydro), Solar PV and Wind energy, the process of working and installation as below:
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse before it reaches the aquifer.
In this technique, we channel the water falling on roof tops of buildings and homes, and open spaces to a storage tank through a filter. Excess water is directed to a well or pit through which water seeps in earth to increase water table.
The generated power is converted and collected using power electronics and power systems devices respectively.
OBJECTIVES :
To install Solar PV technology in order to trap solar radiation for converting into electrical energy.
To install the wind turbine for converting wind energy into electrical energy to pump the water for hydro-plant.
Integrate the complete system composed of hydro, solar, wind energy
Assess the performance of the system.
Renewable Energy & Green Finance Landscape in BangladeshMahbub-Un- Nabi
An overview on Renewable Energy sector of Bangladesh along with Green Energy Finance. The policy Intervention of Central Bank and Government of BAngladesh
Lightning Talk #9: How UX and Data Storytelling Can Shape Policy by Mika Aldabaux singapore
How can we take UX and Data Storytelling out of the tech context and use them to change the way government behaves?
Showcasing the truth is the highest goal of data storytelling. Because the design of a chart can affect the interpretation of data in a major way, one must wield visual tools with care and deliberation. Using quantitative facts to evoke an emotional response is best achieved with the combination of UX and data storytelling.
Content personalisation is becoming more prevalent. A site, it's content and/or it's products, change dynamically according to the specific needs of the user. SEO needs to ensure we do not fall behind of this trend.
Succession “Losers”: What Happens to Executives Passed Over for the CEO Job?
By David F. Larcker, Stephen A. Miles, and Brian Tayan
Stanford Closer Look Series
Overview:
Shareholders pay considerable attention to the choice of executive selected as the new CEO whenever a change in leadership takes place. However, without an inside look at the leading candidates to assume the CEO role, it is difficult for shareholders to tell whether the board has made the correct choice. In this Closer Look, we examine CEO succession events among the largest 100 companies over a ten-year period to determine what happens to the executives who were not selected (i.e., the “succession losers”) and how they perform relative to those who were selected (the “succession winners”).
We ask:
• Are the executives selected for the CEO role really better than those passed over?
• What are the implications for understanding the labor market for executive talent?
• Are differences in performance due to operating conditions or quality of available talent?
• Are boards better at identifying CEO talent than other research generally suggests?
The impact of innovation on travel and tourism industries (World Travel Marke...Brian Solis
From the impact of Pokemon Go on Silicon Valley to artificial intelligence, futurist Brian Solis talks to Mathew Parsons of World Travel Market about the future of travel, tourism and hospitality.
We’re all trying to find that idea or spark that will turn a good project into a great project. Creativity plays a huge role in the outcome of our work. Harnessing the power of collaboration and open source, we can make great strides towards excellence. Not just for designers, this talk can be applicable to many different roles – even development. In this talk, Seasoned Creative Director Sara Cannon is going to share some secrets about creative methodology, collaboration, and the strong role that open source can play in our work.
The Six Highest Performing B2B Blog Post FormatsBarry Feldman
If your B2B blogging goals include earning social media shares and backlinks to boost your search rankings, this infographic lists the size best approaches.
Each technological age has been marked by a shift in how the industrial platform enables companies to rethink their business processes and create wealth. In the talk I argue that we are limiting our view of what this next industrial/digital age can offer because of how we read, measure and through that perceive the world (how we cherry pick data). Companies are locked in metrics and quantitative measures, data that can fit into a spreadsheet. And by that they see the digital transformation merely as an efficiency tool to the fossil fuel age. But we need to stretch further…
The development of a country is dependent on the per person energy consumption rate, which is very low
in Bangladesh. Bangladesh installed a capacity of 10416 MW electricity on June 2014 and three fourth of
which is considered to be accessible. Near about 45% people has no access to electricity. Therefore,
electricity shortage is an acute crisis in Bangladesh. As Saint Martin Island is far away from the main
land, it is almost impossible and cost ineffective to supply electricity from the national grid. For
connection of nearly 6000 peoples of Saint Martin to the main stream of development and to make this
island more attractive to the tourists, it is very essential to provide electricity for them. Power generation
by combining solar, wind and diesel, known as hybrid system can be the most efficient technique for the
electrification of these types of Island. Based on this principle, in this paper a hybrid system is designed
for electrification of Saint Martin’s Island. In the analysis, realistic data is used for load calculation and
optimization analysis for most effective solution. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable
(HOMER) software is used to find out the final optimization and sensitive analysis of hybrid system. This
system satisfies the load demand and reduces carbon emission which will help to generate green energy.
Grid Integration of Renewable Energy in India under Mitigation of High Penetration Challenges of Renewables into the Grid: Storage, Demand Response and Interconnections
Techno-Financial Analysis of Energy Access through Hybrid System with Solar P...Ashish Verma
Uttarakhand state comes under special category state where approximately 69.45% population lived in rural area under the population density with varied range of 37 to 607 persons per sq.km. Although Uttarakhand is having per capita consumption of 1112.29 kWh which is higher than national average per capita consumption of 779 kWh as till date, but remote communities, villages are not able to access clean, cheep and good quality of energy due to uneven terrain, lack of proper transmission & distribution lines [1]. 100% villages are electrified under the RGGVY scheme as per the Ministry of Power Government of India, but due to poor loading of transformer, lack of grid infrastructure and natural calamities, remote house owners are not able to get good quality of power thus affect the livelihood and source of income generation in various means [2]. As Uttarakhand state having future plans to be make state energy sufficient and energy access to all by year 2016-2017, so major ground level initiative have been taken by Government of Uttarakhand. The government of Uttarakhand has incorporated innovative business model to provide good quality of power with non-conventional energy source. Under the initiative invlovement of local people and village level, panchayats have ownership and responsibility to operate these clean energy business model to improve livelihood in remote hilly places of Uttarakhand. Under this analysis, five different type of community models are categorized as Community 1, Community 2, Community 3, Standalone 1 & Standalone 2 for rural &remote communities based on number of unclustered households with the distance covered between 200 m to 20 km, and electrical loads i.e. lighting, fan, mobile chargers, television along with time of day energy consumption patterns. These community models are for remote hilly location where grid integration and distribution lines are not feasible to built due to hilly terrain, low soil strength and huge expenses for expanding power cables for supplying good quality power. The preliminary studies and simulations has been done in HOMER tool by considering the various composite source of power, i.e. Solar PV with battery bank, Solar PV with battery Bank & Generator, and Solar PV along with DG. These three hybrid source of power generation with Solar PV as base source under five different community models, the techno-commercial feasibility has been analyzed in terms of load sharing proposition with Solar PV and battery, DG, Energy production through PV, load consumption per year, Excess and unmet energy monitoring, battery sizing to meet the load during nights, DG operation when the solar energy not available due to weather condition and non availability of sunshine in night. Financial feasibility has been examined in terms of levelized cost of energy, cost summary and O&M cost per year of three integrated sources of energy generation with Solar PV under each community model. Solar PV power plant , which is
Economic and Optimization Study of an Hybrid Solar-Diesel System for A Coaste...paperpublications3
Abstract: Photovoltaic power system has become most acceptable renewable energy system for rural areas that do not have access to grid system. This system was designed to supply electricity to Akodo which does not have access to the national grid network of power supply in Nigeria. Akodo, a community in Ibeju Lekki Local Government Area of Lagos State, which is made up of about 150 houses and requires about 89KW load which can be supply conveniently by the solar diesel system, is found to be more appropriate in this research work. The initial cost seemed to be on the high side, but on the long run the maintenance of the system which was very minute accorded the system significant advantage. It is now economical to embark on this research work which would be found to be highly beneficial.
Karnataka Renewable Energy Development LimitedTiE Bangalore
Renewable Energy Policy
Presentation by: Ravindra H. Kori
Technical Officer (IEC and Nemmadi)
KREDL (KREDL is nodal agency for renewable energy programs of national and Karnataka state government and responsible for channeling grants and subsidy)
Solving Power Crisis of Bangladesh by Utilizing Renewable EnergyIJMREMJournal
Bangladesh is a developing country and crisis of power is one of the acute quandaries in any developing
country like Bangladesh. Power is the most paramount factor and the demand of power is incrementing rapidly
in the country. There are several reasons behind the power failure like lack of commitment of ascendancy,
system loss, circumscription of resources, high demand, corruption in potency, low generation capacity etc. To
overcome the problem of power crisis, renewable energy can be a great source. Bangladesh has huge untapped
renewable energy resources which can be utilized to solve and aid the power crisis. In this paper we described
about different forms of renewable energy that can be acclimated to meet the power demand by proper
utilization at low cost and less risk. We also discussed about several sectors of renewable energy sources such
as solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, bio energy, hydro power, geothermal, ocean wave energy and
energy from Bay-of-Bengal. Skilled manpower and new technology are required for taking initiative steps for
power sectors utilizing renewable energy.
Present Conventional & Non- Conventional Energy Scenario in Bangladesh and It...Farzad Hossain
The approaching energy emergency, increased by the proceeding with the exhaustion of fossil fuels, complements the requirement for sending of Conventional & Non- Conventional energy resources in Bangladesh, now like never before some time recently. Despite the fact that hydrocarbon resources in the nation are restricted, the significant accessibility of Conventional & Non- Conventional energy sources as fossil fuels, natural gas, nuclear energy and hydroelectric energy offers chances of reasonable energy-based advancements like wave energy, energy from the Bay-of-Bengal and potential sources of geothermal energy. Insufficiency in the energy area is a noteworthy issue in Bangladesh, which obstructs the smooth financial improvement work processes. Along the lines, Bangladesh is confronting trouble to accomplish a generally maintained advance in the economy because of the absence of a sound energy security. With the goal of exploring this advance, this paper displays an exhaustive investigation of the contemporary Conventional & Non- Conventional energy situation and future prospect in Bangladesh as far as appropriation, research and infrastructural improvement in the nation. It has found the components that are valuable to diminish the current energy supply emergency and abridged the present energy situation, absence of foundation and customary energy sources to advance the Conventional & Non-Conventional energy sources to satisfy the energy request in future in Bangladesh.
Analysis of Solar Diesel Hybrid off Grid System in Myanmarijtsrd
A hybrid system combining renewable technologies with diesel generators is a promising solution for village electrification. Shortage of electricity is the main obstacle for economic and social development. Myanmar has abundant renewable energy resource. There are many places that cannot supply electricity from the main grid. Tat Thit Kyun village is selected from these areas. The selected village where is situated Latitude 18°44N and Longitude 95°11E 5.6 mile away from Padaung Township is supplied by hybrid off grid system. 312 kWh demand is needed for 387 numbers of household. Data is obtained from Meteorological data of the village and NASA. The hybrid system is composed of photovoltaic source, diesel generator, battery energy storage system and converter. The hybrid system is analyzed for the life time 20 years by using HOMER software. Dr. Zarchi San | Daw Yin Aye Mon | Daw Lin Lin Phyu "Analysis of Solar Diesel Hybrid off Grid System in Myanmar" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29151.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29151/analysis-of-solar-diesel-hybrid-off-grid-system-in-myanmar/dr-zarchi-san
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)
1. The International Journal of Engineering And Science (IJES)
||Volume|| 2 ||Issue|| 01 ||Pages|| 201-205 ||2013||
ISSN: 2319 – 1813 ISBN: 2319 – 1805
Remote Village Electrification through Renewable Solar energy:
a Case Study of Sagar Island, West Bengal, India
Manas Mondal1 and Satyabrata Mandal2
1. Manas Modal, (Assistant teacher in Geography & PhD Research Scholar)
2. Satyabrata Mandal: Assistant teacher in Geography, Thoara High School, 24Pgs (North), West Bengal
-----------------------------------------------------------Abstract-----------------------------------------------------
This paper deals with the study of rural electrification scenario through Photo Voltaic cell systems of Sagar
island which is isolated from main land mass of West Bengal state by river Hugli (width of river ~3Km).
Photovoltaic (P.V) put in place by the West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency (WBREDA) have
clearly brought benefits to many of the residents of Sagar island.. The highly-touted community management
system governing the projects has been successful at instilling local pride and overcoming the traditionally
thorny problem of tariff no collection. There are ten solar-powered stations which installed in between 1996 to
2006 at different remote sides of the Island. Kamalpur is the village where solar-powered station first installed
in 1996 with power generation capacity of 26 (kW). After two years (1998) another solar-powered station was
installed in the village of Mritunjoynagar with the same capacity as the previous project. In 1999 three solar-
powered stations installed, namely Khasmahal, Gayenbazar, and Mahendraganj solar projects with capacity of
25(kW) each. Natendrapur and Uttar Haradhanpur solar-power stations developed in 2000 having 28.5 & 32.5
(kW) power generation capacity. In 2001, only one solar-powered station is installed at Mandirtala, with power
generate capacity of 28.5 (kW). Koylapara & Rudranagar Hospital solar-power stations are installed in
2006.Their power generate capacity was 120 & 20 (kW) respectively.
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Date of Submission: 31, December, 2012 Date of Publication: 11, January 2013
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Introduction:
Energy is a driving force to foster economic, social and health condition. Energy effect all the
dimensions and supporting pillars of sustainability (IEA, 2001; Sharma, 2007). All of these supporting pillars
namely Environment, Social and Economic should go hand in hand without compromising on its ability for the
future generation to satisfy their own need. According to section 6 of the electricity act 2003, the Government of
India decided to electricity all villages that were not yet electrified. It is thought that conventional as well as
renewable energy will be used to achieve this objective, renewable energy sources would be used in a
decentralized manner where conventional grid connectivity is not possible. The application of decentralized
renewable energy for electricity provision and rural electrification has shown mixed result. Sagar Island in the
district of south 24 parganas in West Bengal state, is electrified through renewable energy sources like solar
photo voltaic (SPV) energy. It is proposed to optimize the solar-powered plants of this remote isolated island
with a proposition to grid integration in near future. But this proposition to connect the isolated remote
renewable power plants to the conventional power grid is a challenge in the Indian scenario. Average annual
solar radiation is about 1600 kWh/m2 on horizontal surface. In a year average 250 sunny days and 55 overcast
days observed in the study area. The annual average solar radiation on horizontal surface is about 4.91
kWh/m2/day.
The Electricity act 2003 (EA03) marked an increase in urgency attached to the problem at the national
level, codifying the requirement to supply electricity to all villages. To implement the law , the government
launched the Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana initiative in 2005, with the aim of achieving
universal electrification by 2012.In theory, electricity produced under the Rajiv Gandhi scheme is supposed to
cover operational costs (except for households below the poverty line). The Rajiv Gandhi guidelines also
emphasize distributed generation options in cases where grid extension is not feasible, with individual states
required to submit proposals to the Ministry of Non – conventional Energy sources (MNES). MNES envisions a
major role for renewable sources in meeting the 2012 electricity requirement (Banerjee 2006). WBREDA
became interested in Sagar Island in 1994, and has since both photovoltaic systems to electricity much of the
island. The program began with the installation of individual solar lighting systems, which now provide
electricity for more than 2000 families (Ashden 2003).There are now ten solar photovoltaic power plants
carrying a total capacity of ≥ 300 kW and powering ≥ 2000 families for six hours a day (Ashden,2003 ).
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 201
2. Remote Village Electrification through Renewable Solar energy: a Case Study of Sagar Island…
Study area:
Sagar Island (also known as Ganga Sagar) lies on the continental shelf of Bay of Bengal about 150 km
(80 nautical miles) south of Kolkata, in West Bengal. The area of the island is about 251.59 sq km with 43
villages and a population of over 180408 with population density of 717 / sq km. The latitude of the study area
is 21o 37/ N to 21052/ N and the longitude of the study area is 88002/ E to 88011/E. The Island has scatter
Mangrove swamp, waterways and small rivers. The island is a famous Hindu pilgrimage. Every year on the day
of Maker sankranti (middle of January thousand of Hindus gather to take a holy dip at the confluence of Ganga
and offer puja in Kapil Muni Temple. The Sundarban along the Bay of Bengal has through quaternary (began
about 2 million Years ago and extends to the present) sediments deposited mainly by the mighty river Ganges,
Brahmaputra, Meghna and their numerous distributaries. The building up of this estuarine area is not complete.
The mangrove dominated delta is a complex ecosystem comprising one of the three largest single tract of
mangrove forests of the world. The Sundarban floor varies from 0.9m to 2.11 m above sea level. Sagar Island
such an area, which despite its tremendous economic potentiality is lagging behind in comparison with many
other areas which are in geo-economic, geo-environmental and geo-hydrological in same region. This study will
emphasize on finding out the reasons behind the backwardness, identifying the areas of potentials and
highlighting the prospects therein.
Data Base & Research Methodology:
Methodology for data collection is divided into two segments. Secondary and primary sources.
Secondary sources mainly consist of literature survey, peer reviewed articles and research papers and
government published documents. Data from the state department of Renewable Energy (WBREDA), United
Nations Development Programme has been used. Primary data sources consist of 10 % household survey of
total households following random sampling method. The inputs from the conducted interviews and feedback
received from Questionnaire survey were analyzed against the actual data collected and the literature review.
The Criteria for village Electrification of Isolated Island:
The criteria for village electrification are as : (a) identification of parameters such as : (i) Economic :
cost of product , maintenance and operating cost , prevailing subsidy, tax benefits, benefits due to absence /
lesser amount of social / scarcity /opportunity cost etc- all in annualized quantities. (ii) Social: Energy habit of
the customer, social custom, aesthetic value of the product customers goodwill for reasons such as lowering of
pollution by use of these "green system" , political goodwill/ propaganda, population density & accessibility of
the location, grid connectivity, etc. (iii) Environmental : Availability of solar radiation and other environmental
conditions that would significantly affect the performance of the SPV system in consideration. (iv) Supply of
time: A: 24 hours supply, B: fixed time supply, C: Any time supply.
Demand Assessment:
It was found in almost all locations, people use kerosene for lighting purposes and the kerosene
consumption varies from 4 liters to 7 liters/month per household. The access to electricity is one of their
priorities and most of the households are interested to take the service connections. It was estimated that demand
per household would be approaching 30 units per month with duration of supply for at least 8 hours. It was
found that people needs electricity for two hours (4am to 6 am) for domestic purposes and 6 hours (6 pm to 12
pm) in the evening.
Findings & Analysis:
West Bengal Renewable Developments agency (WBREDA) in eastern part of India is trying to
electricity remote isolated villages of this Sagar isolated island through renewable energies. The underlying
issue for this grid connectivity is that rural India will not get 40 % electricity to 50 % of time at the end of 13 th
plan. Hence, to make 24 hours reliable system of rural India, Renewable Energy Systems must be optimized in
the off-grid smart distribution system.
The island suffers from chronic storage of electrical energy due to non availability of grid quality
paper. The rivers are tidal in nature and sometimes become about 1 to 4 km wide. Therefore this island is totally
isolated from the main island. It was extremely difficult to extend transmission lines from main land to this
island resulting in technical limitations and prohibitive cost. In 2010 this process was started, and now it is
under process to give the adequate electricity in this island. People depend on the expensive and often erratic
supply of kerosene for their lighting needs. There are a few small diesel generator sets supplying electricity to
the markets of some villages, but the diesel delivery mechanism is not adequate. West Bengal Renewable
Energy Development Agency (WBREDA), in association with Ministry of Non –conventional Energy Sources,
Government of India, has taken several initiatives since 1994 to meet the electrical energy needs for the people
living in the island.
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 202
3. Remote Village Electrification through Renewable Solar energy: a Case Study of Sagar Island…
Table1: Village level electrification status of Sagar Island (2011), West Bengal, India.
Villages Population Households Households households households
(2011) (2011) availing grid availing solar without electricity
electricity (%) electricity (%) (%)
Kamalpur 6601 1341 27.84 55.67 16.49
Mrityunjaynagar 3142 700 0.00 72.92 27.08
Manasadwip 6206 1213 17.58 57.14 25.27
Chemaguri 6560 1444 22.58 46.24 31.18
Mahendraganja 4554 889 6.58 59.21 34.21
Natendrapur 1179 236 29.41 47.06 23.53
Haradhanpur 9001 1733 0.00 70.23 29.77
Mandirtala 6141 1354 17.95 46.15 35.90
Kaylapara 3496 722 6.56 78.69 14.75
Rudranagar 7126 1423 36.94 40.54 22.52
Table2: Electricity production in Sagar Island before 1996.
Electricity type Capacity of power Households Duration of supply Year of installation
generation benefited
Diesel Variables 650 4 hour day-1 Before 1994
Solar home system 30-70 W hour-1 5000 6 hour day-1 1994
WBSED (Grid) 356 Kw 1600 6 hour day-1 1996
Actual Status of electrification through PV system:
There are ten solar-power stations in the study area which were installed in various locations in remote
villages in between the year of 1996 to 2006. Kamalpur was the first solar-power station, installed in 1996 with
power generation capacity of 26 (kW). About 55.67 % of households are connected with solar electricity in this
village. However, 27.84 % households are consuming grid electricity. Rest of the households has no electricity
and deepened on kerosene for lighting in night. After two years Mritunjoynagar solar-powered station has
installed (1998) with the aforementioned power generation capacity and 72.92% households are enjoying solar
electric facility. Unfortunately, there is no facility of grid electricity in this village. Hence, 27.08 % households
are using kerosene to get the light. In 1999 three solar-powered stations are installed, which are Khasmahal,
Gayenbazar, and mahendraganj respectively with power generate capacity of 25 (kW) each. About, 57.14 %,
46.24 % and 59.21 % households of these villages are availing solar electricity to get sufficient light in night and
17.58 %, 22.58 %, and 6.58 % households consuming grid electricity. Rest of the households are using kerosene
to get light. Natendrapur and Uttar haradhanpur solar-powered stations are developed in 2000 with the power
generate capacity of 28.5 & 32.5 (kW) respectively. 47.06 % households are using solar-power in Natendrapur
though, 29.41 % households are using grid electricity. On the other hand 70.23 % households are getting solar
electricity in Uttar Haradhanpur. Grid electricity is absent in this village. In 2001 one solar-power station was
installed at Mandirtala with power generation capacity of 28.5 (kW). Only, 46.15 % households are using solar-
power and 17.95 % house hold is being benefited by grid electricity this village. 35.90 % households are using
kerosene. Last of all Koylapara & Rudranagar Hospital solar-power stations are installed in 2006. Their power
generate capacity are 120 & 20 (kW) respectively. Of them solar-powered projects koylapara has the maximum
power generated capacity (120 kW) and Rudranagar Hospital has the minimum capacity (20 kW). 78.69 %
households are enjoying solar-powered electricity in koylapara. Only 6.56 % are using grid electricity
here.40.54 % households are consuming solar-powered electricity in Rudranagar. Grid electricity-generating
power station is available In this village. As
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 203
4. Remote Village Electrification through Renewable Solar energy: a Case Study of Sagar Island…
Table3: Capacity and year of installation of selected photovoltaic plants at Sagar island.
Villages Capacity (KW) Year of instalation
Kamalpur 26 1996
Mritunjoynagar 26 1998
Manasadwip 25 1999
Chemaguri 25 1999
Mahendraganj 25 1999
Natendrapur 28.5 2000
Haradhanpur 32.5 2000
Mandirtala 28.5 2001
Koylapara 120 2006
Rudranagar 20 2006
Fig1: House hold electric facility status (2011).
Fig2: house hold and total population of selected villages in Sagar island.(Census 2001).
a result grid electricity status is maximum, which is 36.94 % of total households. (Source WBREDA 2007).
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5. Remote Village Electrification through Renewable Solar energy: a Case Study of Sagar Island…
Conclusion:
Sagar Island consists of 43 villages of which only ten villages is being benefitted by solar electricity.
Rest of villages and the villagers remain dark in night. Though, a limited no of households are using solar-
powered electricity in private mode. Hence, insufficient electric facility is the major problem in this island
which is one of the hurdles for the villagers to operate modern machineries. Thus, a large number of people
engaged in primary activity, especially in traditional agriculture system. Medium or large scale industries are
totally absent in this study area because of power insufficiency. Though, 100 % grid electrification process is
continuing in the entire island. After completion the process islanders must be benefited and the socio-economic
development must be faster than before.
References:
[1]. Ash den Awards, (2003): “Sagar Island- Solar Island “Retrieved from World Wide Web.:
www.ashdenawards.org/winers/wbreda
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Handbook.
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