This document discusses relative clauses, which provide extra information about nouns. There are two types: defining relative clauses that identify the noun, and non-defining clauses that provide unnecessary but interesting information. Defining clauses do not use commas while non-defining clauses do. Relative pronouns like who, which, that can be used as subject or object pronouns depending on whether a verb follows. Relative adverbs like when, where, why are also used in relative clauses.