This document provides information on relative clauses and relative pronouns. It explains that relative pronouns like who, whom, which, and that refer back to the noun or noun phrase before it. It also notes that who is used for people as subjects, whom is used for people as objects, and which is used for things. Examples are given to illustrate the use of relative pronouns who, whom, and that in relative clauses.

1. Relative ClauseRelative Clause

2. Relative ClauseRelative Clause
The boy is my brother. Which boy are you
talking about?
He is wearing a cap. Oh I see! The boy who is
wearing a cap is your brother.

3. Relative PronounsRelative Pronouns
 The boyThe boy whowho is wearing a cap is my brother.is wearing a cap is my brother.
What does it refer to?
The relative pronouns (which, who, whom or that) refer to the
noun (or noun phrase) before it.
Are you
talking about
me?

4. Relative PronounsRelative Pronouns
 When talking about people, use the relativeWhen talking about people, use the relative
pronounspronouns whowho (subject),(subject), whomwhom (object).(object).
 When talking about things, use the relativeWhen talking about things, use the relative
pronounpronoun whichwhich..
 You can often useYou can often use ‘‘thatthat’’ instead ofinstead of ‘‘whowho’’,,
‘‘whomwhom’’ oror ‘‘whichwhich’’..

5. Relative PronounsRelative Pronouns
 Remember! The pronoun refers to the same thing asRemember! The pronoun refers to the same thing as
the relative pronoun does should be omitted.the relative pronoun does should be omitted.
e.g. The girl is my sister. You saw her yesterday.e.g. The girl is my sister. You saw her yesterday.
A: The girl whom you saw her yesterday is my sister.A: The girl whom you saw her yesterday is my sister.
B: The girl whom you saw yesterday is my sister.B: The girl whom you saw yesterday is my sister.

6. Relative Pronoun ExamplesRelative Pronoun Examples
 The ladyThe lady whowho (that) talked to me last night was(that) talked to me last night was
Jenny.Jenny.
 Jenny talked to me last night.Jenny talked to me last night.
(Sub.)(Sub.)
 The ladyThe lady whomwhom (that) talked to last night(that) talked to last night
was Jenny.was Jenny.
 I talked to Jenny last night.I talked to Jenny last night.
(Obj.)(Obj.)
I

7. How to Form a Relative ClauseHow to Form a Relative Clause
The students are smart.The students are smart.
They are learning relative clause.They are learning relative clause.
The students are smart.who are learning relative clause
‘who’ is used instead of ‘they’