The document presents an in-depth overview of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), outlining its historical context, project details, and significance for both nations. CPEC is a multi-billion dollar initiative aimed at enhancing trade and infrastructure between China and Pakistan, while also addressing various geopolitical challenges and interests from global powers including the USA, Russia, and India. The report discusses different routes of CPEC, key projects, and the implications for economic development and regional stability in South Asia.

1. China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
Collaborator
Sumra Usman Khan
Instructor
Mr. Ali Haider Saeed

2. Presentation outlines
 Brief account on Pak-China relations
 History of silk roads
 One belt one road
 Introduction to CPEC
 Historical perspective of CPEC
 Geography of CPEC in Pakistan (eastern, western and central route)
 Projects in CPEC
 Progress in projects of CPEC
 Pakistan’s interest in CPEC
 China’s interest in CPEC
 Challenges For Pakistan
 Global political concerns on CPEC (USA, Russia, India)
 Conclusion

3. Pak-China Relations
⊚ Pakistan was one of the first countries to recognize the people’s
republic of China
⊚ Both nations share a border of 592 km that runs from west east
disputed tri-point with Afghanistan to the disputed tri-point with
India (siachin)
⊚ From start to till now the relationships has blossomed into an “All-
Weather strategic cooperative partnership”
⊚ It is often said that the mutual friendship between the
neighbors is taller than Himalayas and deeper than
Arabian sea
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4. 4
It was over 4,000 miles long.
The Silk Road was a trade route that went from China to
Eastern Europe. It went along the northern borders of
China, India, and Persia and ended up in Eastern Europe
near today's Turkey and the Mediterranean Sea.
The Silk Road was important because it generated trade
and commerce between a number of kingdoms and
empires. This helped in exchanging ideas, culture,
inventions, and unique products to spread across much of
the settled world.
It was called the Silk Road because one of the major
products traded was silk cloth from China. People
throughout Asia and Europe prized Chinese silk for its
softness and luxury. The Chinese sold silk for thousands of
years and even the Romans called China the "land of silk".
History of Silk Roads

5. One Belt One Road
The “One Belt One Road” concept has international strategic importance. The One Belt One Road initiative covers
countries and regions with a total population of 4.4 billion and a total economic volume of US$ 21 trillion, 63 percent
and 29 percent respectively of the World’s total.
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The “One Belt one Road” Project consists of three routes,
southern, central and northern route.
The southern corridor begins from Guangzhou, and
connects Kashgar with Pakistan at Kunjarab – a point from
where China wants to link to Gwadar port in the Arabian
Sea. It is the shortest and the most feasible option for China
to trade through Indian Ocean.
The second Chinese is the Central Corridor that starts
from Shanghai and links the country to Tashkent, Tehran
and onwards to Bandar Imam Khomeini Port of Iran on the
Persian Gulf.
The third one is the Northern Corridor that starts from
Beijing, passes through Russia, and links it to European
cities.

6. Introduction to CPEC
 CPEC or simply China Pakistan Economic corridor is a multibillion-dollar project. It is an
initiative by China and the extension of the BRI- Belt and Road Initiative. CPEC is an
amalgamation of different projects. It includes Roadway projects, Railways projects, Energy
sector projects, and other areas of cooperation
 It covers the total route of 3000 km in length
 This corridor will be helpful in creating regional stability in South Asia. After completion of
the corridor, it will function as a primary gateway for trade between China and Africa and
the Middle East. It is expected that this corridor will help cut the 12,000 kilometer route
which Middle East oil supplies takes to reach the Chinese ports.
 The short-term projects were estimated to be completed by 2017; midterm-term by 2025, and
the long-term by 2030.The overall construction costs are estimated at $46 billion.
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7. Historical perspective
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Visits Agreements Year
Chinese Premier Li
Keqiang visited Pakistan
He signed the landmark
CPEC agreement at that
time.
2013
Pakistani Prime Minister
Nawaz Sharif visited china
signed eight agreements
approximately costing $18
billion
2013
Pakistan’s Prime Minister
Nawaz Sharif visited china
signed 19 agreements with
China
2014
Chinese President Xi
Jinping visited Pakistan
51 agreements were signed 2015

8. 8
CPEC Route Map

9. Projects in CPEC
⊚ There are almost 22 projects related to the energy sector,
7 infrastructure projects, 8 Gwadar Projects, and so on.
The CPEC includes projects related to Roadway,
Railway, Energy, Agriculture, and many more. Because
of these projects, CPEC is considered very important for
Pakistan.
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10. Infrastructure
Projects
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Project name Year
Hazara motorway 2 (thalkot-havelian) March 2020
Peshawar-Karachi motorway November 2019
Karachi circular railway 2020
Orange line metro train October 2020
Gwadar east bay-pass October 2020
Gwadar smart port city November 2019
Projects completed

11. Projects completed
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Project name Location Year
Sahiwal coal-fired power
project
Sahiwal October 2017
Port Qasim coal-fired power
plant
Karachi 2017-2018
HUBCO power plant Hub October 2019
Engro-Thar coal power plant Thar July 2019
Hydro China dawood wind
farm
Thatta April 2017
UEP wind farm Thatta June 2017
Sachal wind farm Thatta April 2017
Energy Projects

12. Geography of CPEC in Pakistan
⊚ This project will run through most of Pakistan starting from Gwadar in
Balochistan and ending in Kashgar in south-western China, while passing
through parts of Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
provinces and GilgitBaltistan in northern Pakistan to reach the Khunjrab
Pass and beyond to China.
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13. Eastern route
Eastern route which starts from Gwadar
runs parallel to Makran Coastal
highway to reach Karachi. Then it
passes through the major cities of
Sindh like Hyderabad, Mir Purkhas
and Sukkar. In Punjab Multan, Faisal
Abad, Lahore to reach Rawalpindi-
Islamabad it enters in to KPK and
passes through Haripur, Abbotabad
and Mansehra districts. Then finally it
passes through Muzaffarabad of AJK
to reach Khunjrab by passing through
Gilgit Baltistan. This route is longer as
compare to Western route but it is
much safer than western route.
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14. ⊚ Western route starts from Gwadar and passes through
Turbat, Pnajgur, Khuzdar, Kalat, Quetta, Zhob, Dera Ismail
Khan, Bannu, Kohat, Peshawar, Hassanabdal and
Abbotabad from Abbotabad the further route is the same
with eastern route.
⊚ The western route is the original route of CPEC. It is the
shortest route of 2442 km than eastern route which is more
than 3000 km. But it is a fact that western route passes
through hilly areas of KPK and Balochistan which is
difficult to travel. It is also a fact that western route is not
being constructed by the fund of CPEC. It is purely
constructed by the financial assistance of Federal
Government of Pakistan. China was not agreed on western
route of CPEC because of the security situation of KPK
and Balochistan
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Western route

15. Central route
⊚ There was also a third route which was called Central route of CPEC. It was as
⊚ Gwadar – Turbat – Panjgur – Khuzdar – Ratodero – Kashmore – Rajanpur – Dera
Ghazi Khan – Dera Ismail Khan – Bannu – Kohat – Peshawar – Hassan Abdal –
Abbotabad and onward.
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16. 16
Pakistan
interest
in CPEC
Overcoming
Energy
crises
Infrastructure
development
Significant
position in
trade’s world
Removal of
poverty
Balanced
environment
in South Asia
Economic
Development

17. 17
Time
saving
Cost
effective
Safe
route
Strategic
benefits
China’s Interest in CPEC

18. Challenges for Pakistan
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CPEC and
Balochistan
Factor
CPEC and KPK
Factor
Indian
Interruption
Presence of
Chinese security
in Pakistan
Security
concerns

19. ⊚ To cope up with the mentioned concerns, China focuses on the construction of CPEC. With the CPEC project,
China will least intervene in those areas. There will be no effect on the trade of China if the conflict persists
between the states on the chokepoints or in the disputed regions.
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Political
Grounds
US have allied
and Army bases in
the South China
Sea and the Indian
Ocean.
China is an
emerging
superpower.
China and India
want to maintain
their hegemonies
in the Asian
continent.

20. Global Political Concerns on CPEC
Malacca Dilemma
⊚ One of the main political concern for constructing the CPEC is Malacca Dilemma.
As mentioned earlier, China needs to pass through the Strait of Malacca to do trade
with other countries. It is a disputed region, Strait of Malacca consist of the disputed
Spratly Islands. There is a global tension in this strait between China, Taiwan,
Vietnam, Philippines, and America. Almost 80% of the middle east energy imports
pass through this strait.
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21. Global Political Concerns on CPEC
American Concern
⊚ The American concern regarding CPEC is not so good. As with the help of
CPEC, Pakistan and China will be able to boost its economy. China is already
a threat to the United States, American hegemony will also be decreased
with this CPEC.
European Concern
⊚ Some of the pro-west European countries don’t support the idea of BRI and CPEC,
whereas, some countries are in favor of this project. As it will benefit them as well.
The major portion of the European trade consists of Chinese products. They can get
to the Chinese market easily. Moreover, their orders can also reach in less time
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22. Global Political Concerns on CPEC
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Russian interest in CPEC
Russia supports this project. As both China and Russia is a communist state, furthermore,
Russians always work against Americans. Therefore, Russia has recently shown its interest
in CPEC as well. Furthermore, Russia is also keen to invest in the energy sector of CPEC
Indian Concern
India is a threat to Pakistan since its independence. With the help of CPEC, the economy of
Pakistan will get strengthens. In addition to this, Pakistan will become a stronger country
and will be renowned in the international world. India doesn’t want this to happens.
Furthermore, the Chinese hegemony will also increase with this project. India is also not an
ally of China. To minimize the value of CPEC project india has also signed a treaty on
“Chaah bahar” project along with Afghanistan with iran but no practical work has been
started on it

23. Concluding Remarks
⊚ Some people criticized CPEC. They believe that CPEC is doing the same as
The East India Company did. On the other hand, India and the USA
criticized the grounds that this project is a debt trap and is a soft power
policy of China. But let’s see what is going to happen next but for sure we
can say if Pakistan really consider it as opportunity it could be a game
changer for our declining economy and to tackle with the above mentioned
threats Pakistan’s needs to develop strong strategic communication with
China without making any compromise on nation’s integrity and
sovereignty
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24. THANKYOU
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