The document discusses the balance of power in Asia between Pakistan, India, China, and the United States. It notes that the U.S. favors India over Pakistan, creating a military imbalance. In response, Pakistan strengthened ties with China, who considers Pakistan an important ally. China is investing heavily in Pakistan through projects like CPEC, while the U.S. alliance with India aims to counter Chinese influence. The growing military and economic cooperation between China and Pakistan is reshaping the balance of power in Asia.
Foreign policy of Pakistan in era of bilateralism 1962-1979Shabbir Hussain
Foreign policy of Pakistan in era of bilateralism 1962-1979
1-Defination Of Foreign Policy
2-Transition Phase (1962-1970)
3-Fall Of Dhaka (1970)
4-Bilateralism And Non-Alignment (1972-1979)
Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons Program - An overview and critiqueVikas Sharma
Pakistan is a member of the ‘nuclear club’ with an arsenal of ~120 warheads. However, Pakistan’s regular appearance in lists of ‘unstable governments’, rising religious
militancy in the region, and experience with A.Q. Khan Network have raised concerns globally. This paper provides an overview of Pakistan’s nuclear program, its regional/international cooperation, and key issues stirring international worry.
This document discusses the Foreign policy of Pakistan in detail along with its constituents. Attention is given to the challenges faced by policy makers and the prospects of our policy.
Though the worst intelligence failure, the USA took maximum advantage of the 9/11 tragedy and embarked on the mission to accomplish the objectives set forth in the infamous neo-con paper, known as the American Century.
America employed all its -military, diplomatic and financial, to wage a war of terror on several countries besides Afghanistan-its starting point.
Whether it was a stellar success or a dismal failure, it has cost the world massively in terms of loss of human lives, financial losses, refugees crises, missed opportunities, and surprisingly, increased global terrorism
This presentation covers all these issues in greater detail
I prepared this presentation for the end of semester. You can use it as you find it helpful.
Currently I am creating ElifNotes ( https://elifnotes.com ) for students looking help in English Literature studies.
Foreign Policy
Aims of foreign policy of Pakistan
China and Pakistan’s Relations
Relationship’s History of Pakistan and America
India-Pakistan Relations
Kashmir Conflict
Pak-Afghan Relations
In today's world, the technology behind any new innovation is invariably Electronics, whether it is Bionics or Medical or Power or Smart Wearable or IoT or 3D Printing or Auto and Aerospace.
But Electronics industry too has seen a global power-shift in the last 3 decades, some effects of which can be witnessed on how products like mobiles have evolved over the years. This is my attempt to capture this shift and its impact on EU, Asia and Americas.
Foreign policy of Pakistan in era of bilateralism 1962-1979Shabbir Hussain
Foreign policy of Pakistan in era of bilateralism 1962-1979
1-Defination Of Foreign Policy
2-Transition Phase (1962-1970)
3-Fall Of Dhaka (1970)
4-Bilateralism And Non-Alignment (1972-1979)
Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons Program - An overview and critiqueVikas Sharma
Pakistan is a member of the ‘nuclear club’ with an arsenal of ~120 warheads. However, Pakistan’s regular appearance in lists of ‘unstable governments’, rising religious
militancy in the region, and experience with A.Q. Khan Network have raised concerns globally. This paper provides an overview of Pakistan’s nuclear program, its regional/international cooperation, and key issues stirring international worry.
This document discusses the Foreign policy of Pakistan in detail along with its constituents. Attention is given to the challenges faced by policy makers and the prospects of our policy.
Though the worst intelligence failure, the USA took maximum advantage of the 9/11 tragedy and embarked on the mission to accomplish the objectives set forth in the infamous neo-con paper, known as the American Century.
America employed all its -military, diplomatic and financial, to wage a war of terror on several countries besides Afghanistan-its starting point.
Whether it was a stellar success or a dismal failure, it has cost the world massively in terms of loss of human lives, financial losses, refugees crises, missed opportunities, and surprisingly, increased global terrorism
This presentation covers all these issues in greater detail
I prepared this presentation for the end of semester. You can use it as you find it helpful.
Currently I am creating ElifNotes ( https://elifnotes.com ) for students looking help in English Literature studies.
Foreign Policy
Aims of foreign policy of Pakistan
China and Pakistan’s Relations
Relationship’s History of Pakistan and America
India-Pakistan Relations
Kashmir Conflict
Pak-Afghan Relations
In today's world, the technology behind any new innovation is invariably Electronics, whether it is Bionics or Medical or Power or Smart Wearable or IoT or 3D Printing or Auto and Aerospace.
But Electronics industry too has seen a global power-shift in the last 3 decades, some effects of which can be witnessed on how products like mobiles have evolved over the years. This is my attempt to capture this shift and its impact on EU, Asia and Americas.
Obama's visit to India was not just a roaring success in reality but it also took the entire social media space by storm. With a number of hastags setting huge trends, India warmly welcomed the President of USA, Barack Obama. Each and every moment that Obama spent in India, interacting with the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi, led to a newer hashtag, with greater success.
The US, China and India are important pillars of the global economy. There are several similarities and distinct differences between them. It is important for firms and policy makers to understand as they make strategic decisions. This presentation gives GbizQ's view of three key similarities and three key differences between the US, Chinese and Indian economies as it pertains to firm's strategy behavior.
Difference between India and USA, by a 75 year old MIT educated Economist who moved to USA at age 20, worked for 35 years in USA and moved back permanently to India at 55 years of age.
These are some factors that many consider to move to India from USA. These slides contain summary of all the points that me and my friends and relatives discussed.
The US & India: Bridging the Communication Gap Bryan Walton
Contrast and compare Indian and American culture and communication styles to improve bi-directional communication and working effectiveness between groups. Useful for American managers with offshore teams in India.
If World War III were to begin, most defence and political experts the most likely place will be Kashmir and between Nuclear powers India and Pakistan. Everyone seems to sense this, yet the two countries remain locked in a dangerous confrontation. The main flashpoint is Kashmir.
What are the origins of the problem and what keeps the fire of conflict raging?
Having no legal right to claim Kashmir but desiring it all costs, a belligerent and aggressive Pakistan has waged four very costly and unsuccessful wars on India seeking to wrest control of Kashmir from India by force. Pakistan's greatest military and political supporter always has been America. Why?
NARENDRA MODI’S AND XI JINPING’S HISTORIC ROLES AMID THREATS AND CHALLENGESKeshav Prasad Bhattarai
Includes- Contradictions in India and China Relations ,India and China: Living with the Common Threats of Terrorism and Joint Responsibility of Modi and Jinping
This file describe the aspects and relations between Pakistan and America from the start to 2012 hope you would enjoy it and would learn something.
Suggest me something to improve it if you could...
The united states and china confronts in the contemporary ageFernando Alcoforado
The economic decline of the United States deepened in the first decade of the 21st century to the time when China's economic rise took hold, which may assume the status of larger world power in the middle of the 21st century. It is not clear, however, whether there will be a happy ending for Humanity. If China's prosperity comes at the expense of a failure to recover the economies of the United States and the European Union, and also of the world economy, it could lead the United States and other countries to confront it in the economic and military fields.
0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
1. Balance of Power in Asia
Muhammad Zeshan
International & Area Studies Department
Pukyong National University, Busan
2. Background
In 1960, the Soviet Ambassador (Mihail Kapitsa) said:
“We support India and Afghanistan against you (Pakistan) because they
are our friends, even when they are wrong. But your friends (United
States) do not support you, even when they know you are right”.
Later, Kennedy’s India policy:
Resulted in a mismatch of military power in the Indian sub-continent.
Pakistan turned towards China and Bhutto (the Prime Minister that
time) declared:
“We will not barter or bargain Chinese friendship away for anything”.
3. Background
During 1963 and 1964, China was the largest importer of cotton from
Pakistan.
In May 1963, Chou Enlai (first Premier of China) said:
“China would defend Pakistan throughout the world” for “Pakistan defended
China in SEATO and CENTO”.
The U.S. was unhappy with Pakistan as it signed an air traffic agreement with
China.
It gave Pakistan traffic rights at Canton and Shanghai airports in exchange for
the rights to China at Karachi and Dacca airports.
That was the first air traffic agreement signed by China with any non-Socialist
country.
4. Background
This air traffic agreement helped China a lot as it was engaged in a border
clash against India.
These flight agreements provided Pakistan easier access to the Africa and
Middle East.
As a result, United States promptly held up a loan of around $ 4.3 million for
Pakistan’s airports improvement.
5. Objective of the Study
United States is inclined more towards India than Pakistan.
This policy is creating a power imbalance in the region given that both
Pakistan and India are traditional rivals with the nuclear weapons.
Hence, the present study would mainly examine the relations between
Pakistan, India, China and United States in the context of balancing of power.
6. Balance of Power in Asia:
By Hans Morgenthau
In Politics Among Nations, Morgenthau stated that economic progress in Asia,
and particularly in China may carry the greatest implications for the rest of
the world in future.
The awakening of Asia will result in full possession of the instruments
produced with modern technology, particularly in the nuclear field which
recently was a virtual monopoly of the Western countries.
Such developments would cause a swift distribution of power.
7. Balance of Power in Asia:
By Hans Morgenthau
He stated that any nation either Europe or Asia that would be able to add its
power to the huge power-potential of China might make itself the future
master of Asia and the world.
During 1941, President Franklin Roosevelt focused the U.S. policy at opposing
the expansionist designs of Japan.
It resulted in attack on the Pearl Harbor, hence the U.S. entered into the
World War II.
After the War, the U.S. promoted a strong China as a fortification against
Japan.
However this policy could not go a long way as the communists seized power
in China.
It made the U.S. focus on containing the communist China.
8. Balance of Power in Asia:
By Hans Morgenthau
Morgenthau stated the U.S. policy to China as a peripheral military
containment.
He stated that the erection of military solid points at the border of
the Chinese Empire will be useless in future.
He expressed his doubt that such a policy might be effective once
China is tough enough to spill over its current frontiers.
He claimed the China that the U.S. will confront in future will be not
only a strong power but also the strongest nation on earth.
The U.S. peripheral military methods would disappear in no time.
9. Balance of Power in Asia:
By Hans Morgenthau
He stated that the Chinese are predominant on the land while the U.S. is
strong at the sea and also in the air.
This policy underlies the geopolitical notion in favor of the United States that
no single state gained a hegemonial position in Asia.
Forty-seven years from now, Hans Morgenthau envisioned the rise of China,
rebalance of the U.S., and the Asia in Truth and Power.
10. China Considers Pakistan a real Ally
The newly expanded deep water Gwadar port in Pakistan is part of
China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), and it is near completion.
It is believed that this port would start a new chapter of economic
development and prosperity in this region as it would be a regional
trade hub.
The construction of infrastructure projects in Balochistan (CPEC) goes
through Gilgit and Baltistan, and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK).
The China-Pakistan cooperation helps both as India has to face a two-
front threat in case of war with either country.
Right now South Asia is evolving with important new aspects in the
balance of power. It is a struggle between the U.S. and China along
with India and Pakistan.
11. China and Pakistan Reshaping Balance
of Power in Asia
As India aims to become a dominant player in global power hierarchy,
it strengthens ties with United States.
On the other hand, China seeks to turn towards Pakistan as its best
interest as it would fend off Indo-U.S. cooperation in the South and
East Asia.
In 2010, while visiting Pakistan, the Chinese Premier (Wen Jiabao)
said:
“Pakistan made huge losses and an important role to international fight
against terrorism. Therefore its sovereignty, independence, and
territorial integrity must be respected.”
China has proven itself a reliable provider of military hardware to
Pakistani army.
On economic front, the amount of bilateral trade between China and
Pakistan is amounted to $12 billion during 2012.
12. Indo-US Alliance
India has been buying over $100 billion of armaments each year, for
the last eight years.
Around two-third of these arms are deployed against Pakistan.
Recently, India and the Unites States have strong military relationship.
It includes co-production of unconventional defence articles,
cooperation on maritime safety etc.
In 2015, both countries have signed a new framework for Indo-US
defence relationship.
This Indo-US alliance would bring some clear negative consequences
not only for Pakistan’s security but also for China’s security.
Further, such intensive support from the U.S. would only increase
arms race in South Asia.
13. Indo-US Alliance
The Joint Strategic Vision (of US and India released in 2015) says that
India and the U.S. share the idea of peace, stability and success in the
Asia-Pacific Region.
India also has permitted the U.S. stand on the South-China Sea islands
that are disputed with China.
Currently, India is the only state in the region that is working in
cohesion with the U.S. ambitions for the repression of China.
14. The U. S. Defence Agreements with
Pakistan
Pakistan is negotiating with the U.S. officials for buying F-16s.
Previously, Pakistan had to pay only $ 270 million while rest of the
money was to be paid by United States through a Foreign Military
Financing (FMF) subsidy.
However, without the FMF allocation, price for eight F-16 fighter
aircrafts would increase by two and- a-half times compared to original
price.
The F-16 contract was a part of Pak-U.S. defence agreement.
Washington had committed to provide Islamabad its provision of
hardware assistance in its fight against terrorism.
However, currently the U.S. is backing out of its policy for Pakistan.
15. Conclusion
The United States wants its influence in Asia through India.
The U.S. is preparing India to stand in front of China at the time of
need.
The China is aware of this policy, therefore it is expanding its defence
and economic ties with Pakistan.
A stronger Pakistan is in the benefit of China as it would protect its
interest in the region.
It resulted in China Pakistan Economic Corridor project that worth
USD 46 billion.
It is believed that this project would prove itself an economic game
changer in the region.