this documet is used to study about the eassy writing

5. PAKISTAN-RUSSIA
RELATIONS
 The Soviet Union (predecessor of the Russian
Federation) and Pakistan first established the
diplomatic and bilateral relations on 1 May 1948.[1]
 Throughout the Cold War, the Soviet Union's relations
with Pakistan saw ups and downs.

6. Historical relations
 From 1922 to 1927, people who entered from the Soviet
Union into the territory (now Pakistan) held by
the British Empire, attempted to start a communist
revolution against the British Indian Empire. The
series of coups known as Peshawar Conspiracy Cases;
the British Empire was terrified after the intelligence
on attempted communist revolution in India were
revealed to authorities. From 1947 to 1950 and 1965–
1969, the trade, educational, and cultural exchanges
between two countries increased.

7. Military dictatorship
 n July 1957, Prime Minister Suhrawardy approved the
leasing of the secret ISI installation, Peshawar Air
Station, to CIA.[15] After commencing the military coup
d'état against President Iskander Mirza, Army
Commander Ayub Khan visited the United States,
further enhancing relations with the U.S. while at
same time, trying establishing link with Soviet Union
through Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.

8. Role in Indo-Pakistani war of 1971
 The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the 1971
Winter war, first signing the Indo-Soviet Treaty of
Friendship and Cooperation.[24] The Soviet Union
sympathized with the Bangladeshis, and supported
the Indian Army and Mukti Bahini during the war,
recognizing that the independence
of Bangladesh would weaken the position of its
rivals—the United States, Saudi Arabia, and China.[24]

9. Improvement in relations
 Russia vowed its support for Pakistan in its struggle
against the Taliban militants. In 2007, the relations
between Pakistan and the Russian Federation were
reactivated after the 3-day official visit of Russian
Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov. He was the first
Russian Prime Minister to visit Pakistan in the
post Soviet-era in 38 years. He had "in-depth
discussions" with President Pervez Musharraf and
Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz

10. During Russo-Ukrainian war
 Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan visited Russia
from February 23–24, 2022.[71] It was the first visit of
any Pakistani ruler to Russia since 1999.[72]
 Pakistan ‘abstains’ from voting as UN General
Assembly censures Russia in March 2022,[73] and
‘remains neutral’.[74]

11. Cultural exchanges
 The world's first bilingual Urdu-Russian dictionary
was compiled and launched by Uzbek scholar Dr.
Tashmirza Khalmirzaev in 2012 at a ceremony in
Islamabad. Khalmirzaev said the dictionary aimed to
"help speakers of both languages come closer." He also
added that a new era was dawning in Pakistan's
relationship with Russia and other Central Asian states
and encouraged the government of Pakistan to
continue work in promoting Urdu in Russia and
Central Asia.[87]

12. Ideologies
 On 13 January 2013, a poll in seven countries was
managed by the Washington Post, to see whether the
people of those seven countries prefer democratic
government or one with a "strong" leader.[88] Most
Russian and Pakistanis voted that "they prefer a
"strong ruler" over democracy."[88