Reinforcement is anything that increases the likelihood of a response occurring again. There are four main types of reinforcement: primary, secondary, positive, and negative. Primary reinforcement satisfies biological needs, like food or water, while secondary reinforcement becomes rewarding through association with primary rewards, like money. Positive reinforcement increases behaviors by rewarding them, like praising a child for doing homework. Negative reinforcement reduces behaviors by removing an unpleasant stimulus when a behavior occurs, like studying to reduce worry about a test.

1. REINFORCEMENT
Topic

2. WHAT IS REINFORCEMENT
 Term used in operant conditioning.
 Anything that increases the likelihood of
response to occur again.
 Stimulus increase the probability of response
occur again and again.

3. EXAMPLES OF REINFORCEMENT
 Giving a child a candy for a job. child do this
job again.
 If we give reward to some one for his work
he perform that again to get reward.

4. SKINNER EXPERIMENT
 Food is
reinforcement.
 The pigeon press
the key and get the
food .
 If we stop the food
pigeon will be stop to
show her response.
 Reinforcement occur
when response is

5. TYPES OF REINFORCEMENT
Four types of reinforcement
1 primary reinforcement
2 secondary reinforcement
3 positive reinforcement
4 negative reinforcement

6. PRIMARY REINFORCEMENT
 There are biological
needs.
 occurs naturally and
does not require
learning.
 Example
 Food for a hunger
person
 Water for a thirsty
person

7. SECONDARY REINFORCEMENT
 It becomes by the
association of
primary
reinforcement.
 Example
money

8. POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
 They are the good
reinforcement.
 in positive reinforcement
we get reward for good
deeds.
 it is most important & most
widely applied principles
of behavior.
 Example
 A mother gives her child
praise (positive stimulus)
for doing homework
(behavior).

9. NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
 Is occur when some
behavior is already
present is removed
 example
 Studying when
you worry about a
test (reinforces study
behavior by reducing
worry)

10. ESCAPE CONDITIONING
 In this people show response to keep himself
from any type of aversive or unwilling
condition
 we struggle hard for this .
 example
 During training period a bird with small pins
have been fixed
 If the dog chew the doll its mouth will be
prickled so it will quickly learned that chewing
mean pain.

11. AVOIDANCE CONDITIONING
 We avoid unpleasant situation in future.
 do safety measures for it .
 example
 When we go for shopping we take money

12. PUNISHMENT TRAINING
 It is a form of negative reinforcement .
 Its form of removing positive behavior.
 learning Behavior is about to decrease
because of punishment .
 Punishment may retard learning