Regional dialect
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This document discusses models for distinguishing between languages and dialects. It examines the hierarchical family tree model and notes limitations with this approach. Specifically, isoglosses representing different linguistic features do not always align and can intersect, contradicting the assumption in the family tree model that isoglosses should never cross. The document concludes that isoglosses on their own are not sufficient to reliably delimit linguistic varieties, calling into question how to distinguish varieties if not by isoglosses alone.
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2) Over time and distance, dialects can diverge and become unintelligible to one another, as seen with the evolution of Latin into the distinct languages of French, Spanish, and Italian.
3) Dialect atlases aim to map the geographical boundaries of linguistic features using lines called isoglosses, showing where different pronunciations, words, or syntactic features are used on either side.
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1. Variation in language reflects social identity, as ways of speaking are associated with social groups and attitudes. People's language use can indicate their socioeconomic class, ethnicity, gender, age, and other social factors.
2. Every person has their own idiolect made up of the languages and dialects they command, and they code-switch between styles depending on the social situation or context.
3. Dialects are not inferior versions of a language but natural linguistic variations, and studying dialects can provide insights into how languages diverge regionally without any variety being inherently better than others.
Presentation on World Language Regions
The document provides an overview of world language regions and the geography of languages. It discusses key topics such as the definition of language and how languages relate to regions. The origin of human language is explored through various theories. The relationship between language and geography is examined, how language families develop over time and space. Major language families around the world are identified and the geographic regions where they are spoken are outlined.
Speech and Theater Arts VARIETIES AND REGISTERS OF SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE
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VARIETIES OF ENGLISH
You must have encountered the term World Englishes (WE) or varieties of English in class.
WE actually stands for the localized varieties of English as they are used or spoken in certain areas.
Language Variation,Dialects, Isoglass, Register, Standard Language, Idiolect,...
Language Variation,Dialects, Isoglass, Register, Standard Language, Idiolect,...Literature and Linguistics Hub
This document discusses language variation and dialects. It begins by explaining that language varies geographically from place to place, socially between groups, and contextually in different situations. It then defines the standard language or standard variety as the most accepted and prestigious form of a language, as defined by dictionaries and used in important domains like government and education.
The document provides examples of linguistic variation between dialects, such as different words used or pronunciations. It explains that a dialect is a regional or social variety of a language that differs in minor aspects like vocabulary and grammar. It also discusses dialect continua and isoglosses, which are lines that show where linguistic features change between dialects.SAPIRWHORF HYPOTHEIS
Human beings do not live alone in the world and language plays a key role in how people understand reality. According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, the language we speak completely determines how we think and perceive the world, with no true translation possible between languages. More moderate versions hold that language influences thought but does not determine it entirely, and different languages may influence how their speakers perceive some concepts like time, numbers, or colors. Many studies have investigated this hypothesis but have found both supporting and non-supporting evidence.
Language, dialect, and varieties
This document discusses language variation and the different varieties of language. It defines key terms like dialect, idiolect, and varieties. A dialect is a language variety spoken by a speech community that is distinguished by systematic features. An idiolect refers to the speech variety of an individual speaker. Varieties refer to forms of language associated with social factors like region, social class, situation, and individual. Dialects and varieties differ based on factors like geography, occupation, age, education, gender, and ethnicity. While some dialects have more prestige than others due to historical and social factors, all languages consist of dialects and everyone speaks at least one dialect.
Principal types of english pronunciation
The document discusses the principal types and variations of English pronunciation. It notes that there are four components of phonetic structure - phonemic, syllabic, accentual, and intonational - that constitute a language's pronunciation. Accents refer solely to pronunciation differences, whereas dialects involve differences in vocabulary, grammar, and word order as well. There are many accents within England, Britain, and across the other regions of the UK, with Northern and Southern accents being a broad distinction in England. The study of variations in accents was traditionally part of dialectology, which aimed to identify all geographical differences in a language.
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Speech and Theater Arts VARIETIES AND REGISTERS OF SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE
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Regional dialect
- 2. •How clear are the boundaries between varieties? Or •What is the criterion in which adopted to distinguish between language and dialect?
- 3. 1. The hierarchical model of the family tree implies that the boundaries between varieties are clear at all levels of the tree. 2. Is it possible for tree to reveal and identify even the individual speaker (idiolect) 3. Mutually intelligible 4. Geographical boundaries.
- 4. • If we consider the differences based on geography, it should be identified on the basis of geographical areas and that what are called regional dialects .
- 5. ISOGLOSS • The dialect geographer may then draw a line between the area where one item was found and areas where others were found, showing a boundary for each area called an ISOGLOSS (from Greek iso- 'same' and gloss- 'tongue'). • The family tree model allows isoglosses to make subdivisions within a variety,
- 6. • According to the family tree model, then, isoglosses should never intersect. Why? • for example: One isogloss separates the area (to the north) where come is pronounced with the same vowel as stood, from the area where it has the open vowel [A], as in Received Pronunciation , the prestige accent of England. The other isogloss separates the area (to the north-east) where r of farm is not pronounced, from the area where it is.
- 7. • Important: The only way to reconcile this kind of pattern with the family tree model would be to give priority to one isogloss over the other, but such a choice would be arbitrary and would in any case leave the subordinate isoglosses unconnected, each representing a subdivision of a different variety, whereas in fact each clearly represents a single phenomenon.
- 8. • The conclusion: I. each item has its own distribution through the population of speakers, • II. Reasonable conclusion to draw from the data. But this leads to the further that isoglosses need not delimit varieties, except in the trivial sense where varieties each consist of just one item; and if we cannot rely on isoglosses to delimit varieties, what can we use?