This document discusses refrigeration and air conditioning. It defines refrigeration as the process of transferring heat from a low temperature region to a high temperature region, thereby cooling a substance. The principle of refrigeration is based on the second law of thermodynamics, which states that heat does not flow from a low temperature body to a high temperature body without external work. In a vapor compression refrigeration system, a refrigerant absorbs heat in an evaporator and transfers it to a condenser, where it is released. Air conditioning alters the temperature and humidity of air for comfort or industrial processes, regardless of outside conditions. There are several types of air conditioning systems, including window units, split systems, centralized plants, and packaged units
The ppt contains detailed study of Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System with neat sketches and description. It is well formed as per the syllabus of GTU
Introduction to Refrigeration and Air Conditioning was explained in a detailed way. For more information, Visit https://mechanicalstudents.com/refrigeration-introduction-vapor-compression-refrigeration-system-vapor-absorption-refrigeration-system/
The ppt contains detailed study of Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System with neat sketches and description. It is well formed as per the syllabus of GTU
Introduction to Refrigeration and Air Conditioning was explained in a detailed way. For more information, Visit https://mechanicalstudents.com/refrigeration-introduction-vapor-compression-refrigeration-system-vapor-absorption-refrigeration-system/
vapor absorption system,three fluid vapor absorption system,water and ammonia vapor absorption system water and lithium bromide vapor absorption system
introduction of VARS,refrigrants properties,cop,practical VARS ,
Simple VARS,advantages of VARS,comparison of vars with vcrs,Refrences of VARS,Refrigration cycles,economical system,absorbent properties
refrigerator and Air Condition,application, unit and COP, COP, types of refrigeration system, ideal properties for a refrigerant , Refrigeration Cycle, Bell- Colman Cycle, Vapour Compression Cycle,
vapor absorption system,three fluid vapor absorption system,water and ammonia vapor absorption system water and lithium bromide vapor absorption system
introduction of VARS,refrigrants properties,cop,practical VARS ,
Simple VARS,advantages of VARS,comparison of vars with vcrs,Refrences of VARS,Refrigration cycles,economical system,absorbent properties
refrigerator and Air Condition,application, unit and COP, COP, types of refrigeration system, ideal properties for a refrigerant , Refrigeration Cycle, Bell- Colman Cycle, Vapour Compression Cycle,
Refrigeration is a process of moving heat from one location to another in controlled conditions. The work of heat transport is traditionally driven by mechanical work, but can also be driven by heat, magnetism, electricity, laser, or other means. Air conditioning (often referred to as AC, A.C., or A/C) is the process of removing heat from a confined space, thus cooling the air, and removing humidity.
Building services engineering, technical building services, architectural engineering, building engineering, or facilities and services planning engineering refers to the implementation of the engineering for the internal environment and environmental impact of a building.
AIR CONDITIONER for Engineering Project.pptxARYANGOYAL72
Presentation on science behind AIR CONDITIONER. Can be helpful for engineering projects.
To get the ppt file, follow and message me on linkedin. Link- linkedin.com/in/aryan-goyal-6b0943221
An air conditioner is a system or a machine that treats air in a defined, usually enclosed area via a refrigeration cycle in which warm air is removed and replaced with cooler air. In construction, a complete system of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning is referred to as HVAC.
Heat Recovery System in Domestic RefrigeratorIjrdt Journal
Refrigeration is a process in which work is done to move heat from one location to another. Refrigeration technology has rapidly evolved in last century from ice harvesting to temperature controlled rail cars. Most widely used current application of refrigeration is for air-conditioning of homes and public buildings. During refrigeration, heat from the refrigerant is dissipated for the successful completion of a refrigeration cycle. In normal household refrigerators, the heat from the refrigerant is removed using a condenser where the refrigerant cools and the air surrounding the condenser heats up. The strategy of how to recover the dissipated heat to develop a waste heat recovery system is relevant. The energy lost in waste heat cannot be fully recovered. However, much of the heat can be recovered and the loss can be minimized by adopting different measures. Hot air can be used for space heating, industrial drying, preheating aspirated air for oil burners, or any other application requiring warm air. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of a heat recovery system to recover waste heat from the condenser in the refrigerator and to reuse it for heating application.
ENERGY AUDIT presentationin power system .pptxReshevSharma
An energy audit is a systematic process of evaluating and analyzing energy usage in a building, facility, or industrial process to identify opportunities for energy efficiency improvements, cost savings, and environmental sustainability. The goal of an energy audit is to assess energy consumption patterns, identify areas of inefficiency or waste, and recommend measures to optimize energy usage and reduce overall energy consumption.
Here's an overview of the typical steps involved in conducting an energy audit:
1. **Pre-Audit Planning:**
Define the scope and objectives of the energy audit, including the areas or systems to be evaluated, the level of detail required, and the desired outcomes. Identify key stakeholders, establish audit goals, and gather relevant documentation, such as utility bills, building plans, and equipment specifications.
2. **Data Collection and Analysis:**
Collect comprehensive data on energy consumption, including utility bills, meter readings, and operational data
An AC system is not only cools the room, that system do many things to make our life comfortable. It removes dust and dirt and fill with fresh air
Air condition system makes our life very comfortable.
We can protect hot or cold weather by air conditioning system
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
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2. Refrigeration
• It can be defined as the process of transferring heat
from a low temperature region to a high temperature
region.
• In other words it is the process of cooling a
substance.
• This can be achieved only if the heat is removed from
that substance.
3. Principle of refrigeration
The principle of refrigeration is based on second law of
thermodynamics. It states that heat does not flow from a low
temperature body to a high temperature body without
the help of an external work.
4. Principle
Since the heat has to be
transferred from a low
temperature body to a
high temperature body
some external work has
to be done according to
the second law of
thermodynamics. This
external work is done
by means of
compressor, condenser
etc.
This external work is
done by means of
compressor, condenser
etc.
5. Terms in refrigeration
1. Refrigerator:
It is a machine used to extract heat from a body at low
temperature and reject this heat to a body at high temperature.
Thus it cools the body.
2. Refrigerant:
It is substance, which is used as a working fluid in refrigerators.
The refrigerant has low boiling point, which means that it
vaporizes at low temperature and takes away the heat from a
substance.
6. 3. Capacity of Refrigerator:
It is defined as the rate at which heat can be removed from the
cold body.
4. Refrigeration Effect:
It is defined as the ratio of the quantity of heat removed to the
time taken.
Refrigeration Effect = Heat removed / Time taken
5. Coefficient of Performance (COP):
It is defined as the ratio of heat absorbed in a given time
(Refrigeration Effect) to the work done
COP = Refrigeration Effect / Work done
8. Working Principle
• During evaporation, the refrigerant absorbs its latent heat of
vaporization from the material that is to be cooled. Thus the
body is cooled in the evaporator .
Then the low pressure vapor refrigerant enters the
compressor and the cycle is repeated. Thus a material is cooled
in vapor compression system
9.
10. Air Condtioning
• Air conditioning is the process of altering the properties
of air (primarily temperature and humidity) to more
favorable conditions.
• The control of these conditions may be desirable to maintain
the health and comfort of the occupants, or to meet the
requirements of industrial processes irrespective of the
external climatic conditions
12. TYPE OF AIR-CONDITIONING
1) Window air-conditioning system
To install one of these units, you need the space to make a
slot in the wall, and there should also be some open space
behind the wall.
when the summer heat dies down, these units can be easily
removed for storage, and you can use the window sill for
other purpose
13.
14. 2) Split Air-Conditioning System :
• The split air conditioner comprises of two parts: the outdoor
unit and the indoor unit.
• The outdoor unit, fitted outside the room, houses
components like the compressor, condenser and expansion
valve.
• The indoor unit comprises the evaporator or cooling coil and
the cooling fan.
15.
16. 3) Centralized Air-Conditioning System :
The central air conditioning plants or the systems are used when
large buildings, hotels, theaters, airports, shopping malls etc. are
to be air conditioned completely.
17.
18. 4) Packaged Air-Conditioning System :
The packaged air conditioners are used for the cooling
capacities in between split air conditioners and centralised air
conditioners.