Presentation on science behind AIR CONDITIONER. Can be helpful for engineering projects. To get the ppt file, follow and message me on linkedin. Link- linkedin.com/in/aryan-goyal-6b0943221

1. PHYSICS PRESENTATION ON
AIR CONDITIONER
-ARYAN GOYAL

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Uses of Air conditioner
PRINCIPLE
Thermo-Physics principle
behind working of air
conditioner
WORKING
APPLICATIONS
NEW INVENTED TECHNOLOGY
HUMBLE REQUEST:Ask your queries at the end of this ppt
01 02
04
03
Thermodynamic process of
how air conditioner works
District and chilled beam
cooling system

3. PRINCIPLE
01

4. Principle
1. The basic principle an AC is a vapor compression cycle to minimize
the air temperature with the help of a condenser, compressor,
expansion valve, and evaporator. The complete cooling process is a
heat transfer taking place among the room air and refrigerant gas.
2. First Law of Thermodynamics:
It simply says that during an interaction, energy can change from one
form to another but the total amount of energy remains constant.
3. Conservation of Energy:
During an interaction, energy can change from one form to another but
the total amount of energy remains the same. In Air Conditioner,
Electrical Energy  (i) Mechanical Energy [Fan, Compressor etc.]
(ii) Internal Energy [Refrigerant Agent]
The following principles apply to air conditioning:

5. Principle
The following principles apply to air conditioning:
4. Second Law of Thermodynamics:
Energy has quality as well as quantity, and actual processes occur in the
direction of decreasing quality of energy. Eg- a cup of hot coffee getting
cold in a cooler room, Air conditioner etc.
5. Thermal Energy Reservoir:
Referred to as heat reservoirs as they supply and absorb energy in the form
of heat with negligible change in temperature. Eg: Air Conditioner absorbs
heat and make the room cool.
6.Throttling Effect:
The temperature of a real gas or liquid changes when it is forced through a
valve or a small hole.
7.Steady –Flow Process:
Defined as a process during which a fluid flows through a controlled
volume steadily.

6. 02
WORKING

7. Working-1
Both the internal and external units are connected so as to
maintain the system in which the refrigerant (fluid inside the
air conditioner) will flow and produce cooling effect by
absorbing and releasing the energy.
Starting from the Internal unit, the cooled refrigerant will be present in
the liquid form. When the air come inside the internal unit it will pass
through the pipe and the inlet air will come in contact with the pipe.
Here the heat in the inlet air will get transferred to the refrigerant and
hence the energy transfer takes place due to which the inlet air will
get cooled and will come as cold air from the outlet. The inlet air is
maintaining thermal equilibrium with refrigerant as per the zeroth
law of thermodynamics.

8. WORKING-2
In air conditioner, the
refrigerant, in a liquid
form, is passed through
a set of evaporator
coils across in which
room air is passed.
The refrigerant
evaporates and due
to this process, it
absorbs the heat
contained in the
room air.
When the cooled air
reaches its
saturation point, it’s
moisture condenses
on fins placed over
the coils.
The cooled and
dehumidified air is
returned into the
room by means of a
blower.
1 2 3 4 5
The water runs
down the fins and is
drained out by
pipe.

9. 03
NEW INVENTED
TECHNOLOGY

10. 1.DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEM
District Cooling System (DCS) is a system which
distributes chilled water or other media, usually
provided from a dedicated cooling plant, to multiple
buildings for air conditioning or other uses.
THE ADVANTAGES:
1. Improve energy efficiency
2. Protect environment
3. Save spaces
4. Improve urban view
5. Reduce manpower for operation and maintenance

11. 1.DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEM
WHY IS IT ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY:
District cooling helps the environment by increasing efficiency and reducing
carbon emissions including air pollution, the greenhouse gas (GHG) carbon
dioxide (CO2) and ozone-destroying refrigerants.
DCS can reduce annual CO2 emission by about 1 ton for every ton of district
cooling refrigeration demand served.
DCS COMPONENTS –
• Center chilled plant- generate chilled water for
cooling purpose
• Distribution network- distribute chilled water to
building.
• User station- interface own building air-
conditioning circuit.

12. HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS:
• DC means the centralized production and
distribution of cooling energy. Chilled water is
delivered via an underground insulated pipeline to
office, industrial and residential buildings to cool the
indoor air of the buildings within a district. Specially
designed units in each building then use this water to
lower the temperature of air passing through the
buildings AC’s.
•The output of one cooling plant is enough to
meet the cooling-energy demand of dozens of
buildings. DC can be run on electricity or
natural gas, and can use either regular water
or seawater. Along with electricity and water,
DC constitute a new form of energy service.
1.DISTRICT
COOLING
SYSTEM

13. 2.CHILLED BEAM SYSTEM
• It is a type of convection HVAC system designed to heat or cool
high rise building such as commercial building.
• It’s primary cooling effect is through convection by using water to
remove heat from a room.
• Pipes of water pass through the beam suspended from a short
distance from the ceiling of a room.
• As the beam chills the air around it, the air becomes denser and
falls to the floor.
• It is replaced by warmer air moving up from below, causing a
constant flow of convection and cooling the room.

14. 2.CHILLED BEAM COOLING SYSTEM
THE ADVANTAGES:
1. Simple to design and control
2. Smaller ductwork
3. Less mechanical space
4. Less maintenance
5. Increased comfort
THE DISADVANTAGES:
1. Not well known in our industry.
2. Higher construction cost
3. Many engineers aren’t familiar with this technology
4. Dew point concerns, building must have a good control
of humidity to prevent condensation on chilled beam
surface.

15. APPLICATIONS
04

16. AIR
CONDITIONER
INDUSTRIAL
The main purpose of industrial
air conditioning systems is to
provide conductive conditions
so that the required processes
can be carried out and required
products can be produced.
HOME COMFORT
 Cooling of laboratories
down to -40’C for biological
tests.
 Cooling for manufacturing in
textiles, pharmaceutical
products, power plants.
Human body requires temp. close
to 26’C for regulatory mechanisms
of the body.
For less effort to be put by our
body to maintain inside for its
biological processes, we use air
conditioners at-
 Home, offices, schools&colleges
 Restaurants, hotels, shopping
malls.
 Metro trains, buses, cars
 Hospitals, dispensaries

17. THANK YOU
VERY MUCH!
U may ask your queries now!