REFRACTION.
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INTRO, CAUSE OF REFRACTION, LAWS OF REFRACTION, REFRACTIVE INDEX, APPLICATION OF REFRACTIVE INDEX, CRITICAL ANGLE, TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION.
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Refraction
This document discusses refraction of light and total internal reflection. It defines refraction as the deviation of light's path when passing from one medium to another of different density. It explains that light slows down more in an optically denser medium. Total internal reflection occurs when light passes from an optically denser medium to a rarer one at an angle greater than the critical angle, causing the light to reflect back into the denser medium. Examples of total internal reflection applications include optical fibers and mirages.
Refraction of light
This document discusses the concept of refraction of light. It defines refraction as the bending of light when passing from one medium to another of different density, causing the light's speed and wavelength to change. The direction light bends depends on whether it is moving to a less or more dense medium. Snell's Law quantifies the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction using the indices of refraction of the media. Examples are provided to illustrate how refraction causes objects to appear in different positions than their true locations when viewed through materials like water or lenses.
Light presentation
1) The document discusses key concepts of light including its properties, reflection, refraction, total internal reflection, and optical fibers.
2) It describes how light travels very fast in straight lines, and how we see objects because light reflects into our eyes from them. Shadows are formed when light is blocked.
3) Reflection and refraction of light follow specific laws, such as the law of reflection where the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, and Snell's law relating the indices of refraction and angles of light passing through different mediums.
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Refraction is the bending of light when passing from one medium to another. It occurs because the speed of light is decreased in denser mediums, causing the light's path to bend toward the normal. Snell's law describes the mathematical relationship between the angle of incidence and angle of refraction, stating that for two mediums, the ratio of sines of the incidence and refraction angles is equal to the ratio of the indexes of refraction. The index of refraction is a number that represents how much a medium slows light down relative to a vacuum.
Basics and history of geometrical optics
Geometrical optics is concerned with how light propagates, reflects, and refracts using a ray model of light. There are four main postulates: (1) light travels in straight lines in a homogeneous medium, (2) the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence, (3) Snell's law governs refraction, and (4) independent light beams do not interact. Geometrical optics is used to understand image formation by lenses and mirrors. Real images are formed when light rays actually intersect, while virtual images are formed by rays that appear to intersect if extended.
Refraction through lenses
The document discusses refraction rules for converging and diverging lenses. It states that for a converging lens, any ray parallel to the principal axis will pass through the focal point on the opposite side, and any ray through the focal point will exit parallel to the principal axis. For a diverging lens, any ray parallel to the principal axis will pass through the focal point, and any ray toward the focal point will exit parallel to the principal axis. Additionally, any ray passing through the center of either lens will continue in the same direction.
Refraction and snells_law
Refraction and Snell's Law describes how light bends when passing from one medium to another due to a change in speed. Refraction occurs at the boundary between two media, with the incident ray entering the first medium at an angle of incidence, and the refracted ray exiting the second medium at an angle of refraction. Snell's law states that the ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction is equal to the ratio of the indices of refraction of the two media. This relationship is written as an equation that can be used to calculate angles of refraction based on the incident angle and refractive indices. Each material has its own index of refraction value that determines how much light will bend when
Refraction
When light travelling in one medium falls on the surface of second medium the following three effect may occur.
1:- A part of incident light is reflected back into the same medium. This is called Reflection of light.
2:- A part of light is passes through the medium.This Is known as Refraction of light.
3:- And remaining part of the light is absorbed by the surface on which the light fall. This is known as Absorption of light.
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This document discusses refraction of light and total internal reflection. It defines refraction as the deviation of light's path when passing from one medium to another of different density. It explains that light slows down more in an optically denser medium. Total internal reflection occurs when light passes from an optically denser medium to a rarer one at an angle greater than the critical angle, causing the light to reflect back into the denser medium. Examples of total internal reflection applications include optical fibers and mirages.
Refraction of light
This document discusses the concept of refraction of light. It defines refraction as the bending of light when passing from one medium to another of different density, causing the light's speed and wavelength to change. The direction light bends depends on whether it is moving to a less or more dense medium. Snell's Law quantifies the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction using the indices of refraction of the media. Examples are provided to illustrate how refraction causes objects to appear in different positions than their true locations when viewed through materials like water or lenses.
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1) The document discusses key concepts of light including its properties, reflection, refraction, total internal reflection, and optical fibers.
2) It describes how light travels very fast in straight lines, and how we see objects because light reflects into our eyes from them. Shadows are formed when light is blocked.
3) Reflection and refraction of light follow specific laws, such as the law of reflection where the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, and Snell's law relating the indices of refraction and angles of light passing through different mediums.
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Refraction is the bending of light when passing from one medium to another. It occurs because the speed of light is decreased in denser mediums, causing the light's path to bend toward the normal. Snell's law describes the mathematical relationship between the angle of incidence and angle of refraction, stating that for two mediums, the ratio of sines of the incidence and refraction angles is equal to the ratio of the indexes of refraction. The index of refraction is a number that represents how much a medium slows light down relative to a vacuum.
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Geometrical optics is concerned with how light propagates, reflects, and refracts using a ray model of light. There are four main postulates: (1) light travels in straight lines in a homogeneous medium, (2) the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence, (3) Snell's law governs refraction, and (4) independent light beams do not interact. Geometrical optics is used to understand image formation by lenses and mirrors. Real images are formed when light rays actually intersect, while virtual images are formed by rays that appear to intersect if extended.
Refraction through lenses
The document discusses refraction rules for converging and diverging lenses. It states that for a converging lens, any ray parallel to the principal axis will pass through the focal point on the opposite side, and any ray through the focal point will exit parallel to the principal axis. For a diverging lens, any ray parallel to the principal axis will pass through the focal point, and any ray toward the focal point will exit parallel to the principal axis. Additionally, any ray passing through the center of either lens will continue in the same direction.
Refraction and snells_law
Refraction and Snell's Law describes how light bends when passing from one medium to another due to a change in speed. Refraction occurs at the boundary between two media, with the incident ray entering the first medium at an angle of incidence, and the refracted ray exiting the second medium at an angle of refraction. Snell's law states that the ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction is equal to the ratio of the indices of refraction of the two media. This relationship is written as an equation that can be used to calculate angles of refraction based on the incident angle and refractive indices. Each material has its own index of refraction value that determines how much light will bend when
Refraction
When light travelling in one medium falls on the surface of second medium the following three effect may occur.
1:- A part of incident light is reflected back into the same medium. This is called Reflection of light.
2:- A part of light is passes through the medium.This Is known as Refraction of light.
3:- And remaining part of the light is absorbed by the surface on which the light fall. This is known as Absorption of light.
Lenses in Optics
The document discusses the principles of image formation using lenses and how lenses are used in corrective lenses. It covers the basics of refraction, how converging and diverging lenses form images using ray tracing rules, and examples of how converging and diverging lenses can correct for nearsightedness and farsightedness by forming intermediate images at the appropriate focal points for the eye. Diagrams illustrate the ray tracing and image formation for different types of lenses. Exercises provide examples of using the ray tracing rules to locate images.
Refraction
Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one medium to another. Light travels at different speeds in different media, causing it to change direction at the boundary between the two. The degree to which light is refracted depends on the index of refraction, which is a ratio comparing the speed of light in a medium to the speed of light in a vacuum. White light disperses into the colors of the visible spectrum when refracted due to different wavelengths bending by different amounts.
Refraction of light
Light refracts when passing from one medium to another with a different density. When light travels from a less dense to a more dense medium, it bends toward the normal, and when traveling from more dense to less dense, it bends away from the normal. The refractive index is a ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed in a particular medium, and is represented by the Greek letter μ. Snell's law describes the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction.
coherence of light
Coherent light refers to light rays that travel closely packed in straight parallel lines, like in a sunbeam. Examples of coherent light include lasers, which emit visible light beams that diverge very little over long distances. Automobile headlights and spotlights also emit coherent light by directing rays into a narrow, well-defined beam. Intense direct sunlight passing through a small opening also forms a coherent light beam. Coherent light waves are "in phase" with one another, meaning the crests and troughs of each wave are aligned.
Physical optics
1. Light is an electromagnetic radiation that exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties. As a wave, it can undergo phenomena such as interference, diffraction, and polarization. As a particle, it demonstrates properties like the photoelectric effect.
2. Light interacts with matter in several ways including absorption, transmission, reflection, and scattering. Scattering of light in the eye causes issues like glare and reduces retinal image contrast.
3. Lasers utilize the particle and wave properties of light to perform functions like photocoagulation, photoablation, and photodisruption in ophthalmic procedures and treatments. Precise delivery of laser energy allows for applications in retinal photocoagulation and refractive surgery.
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Lenses are transparent materials that refract light in a predictable way. They are used to magnify or project images. There are two main types of lenses: convex and concave. Convex lenses are thicker in the center and converge light, forming a real image. Concave lenses are thinner in the center and diverge light, forming a virtual upright image that is smaller than the object. The way light rays behave when passing through lenses can be depicted using ray diagrams to show the characteristics of the image formed.
Snell's law
Total internal reflection occurs when light travels from an optically dense medium to a less dense medium and the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle. At the critical angle, the refracted ray travels along the surface of the dense medium. If the incident ray exceeds the critical angle, total internal reflection occurs and the light ray is reflected back into the dense medium rather than refracting into the less dense medium. Mirages can form due to both total internal reflection and refraction as light passes through layers of air with different densities. Snell's law defines the mathematical relationship between the angle of incidence, angle of refraction, and the indices of refraction of the media.
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This document discusses the uses and properties of lenses. It defines reflection and refraction, and describes how curved mirrors and different types of lenses work by bending light. Convex lenses converge light to a focal point, while concave lenses diverge light. Lenses are used in cameras, telescopes, and eyeglasses to focus light and form images. Cameras use lenses to admit more light and produce brighter, clearer pictures than a pinhole camera. The eye uses curved lenses to focus light onto the retina, and nearsightedness and farsightedness occur when the lens is too long or short. Telescopes also employ lenses and curved mirrors to magnify distant objects.
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Light is necessary for sight and interacts with the eyes and brain to allow us to see. Reflection occurs when light changes direction at the interface between two different media, following the law that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Refraction is when a light ray changes direction and speed as it passes from one medium to another due to a change in density.
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CONCEPTS UNDER THIS TOPIC
Transmission of light from a denser medium to a rarer medium at different angles of incidence .
Critical angle .
Relation between the critical angle and the refractive index .
Factors affecting the critical angle .
Total internal reflection
Total internal reflection in a prism .
Consequences of total internal reflection .
Reflection13.2
Specular reflection occurs off smooth surfaces at defined angles, while diffuse reflection scatters light in many directions from rough surfaces. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. A flat mirror produces virtual images through reflection, where the image is reversed from the object.
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This document provides information about light reflection and refraction. It discusses the laws of reflection and refraction, and how light behaves when interacting with spherical mirrors and lenses. Key points covered include:
- The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
- Reflection and refraction of light can be used to form real or virtual images with mirrors and lenses.
- Spherical mirrors and lenses have a focal point where light rays converge or appear to diverge, depending on whether the surface is convex or concave.
- Mirror and lens formulas relate the focal length to the object and image distances.
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Light is visible electromagnetic radiation that travels in packets called photons. It can come from natural sources like the sun or artificial sources like light bulbs. Refraction is when light changes speed and direction as it passes from one medium to another, like from water to air, causing objects to appear bent. The refractive index measures how much light slows down in a medium and is used to describe materials like glass. Optics is the study of light and its interactions with lenses and other components, which can be used to focus, spread, or diffuse light through different lens shapes like concave, convex, plano, and Fresnel lenses.
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This document discusses various topics related to optics including vergence, conjugacy, object and image space, cardinal points, spherical mirrors, sign convention, and magnification. It defines convergence and divergence as types of vergence eye movements. It also defines types of lenses, mirrors, and their focal lengths, principal points, and power. Magnification is described as visually enlarging an object without physically changing its size through various optical instruments.
Reflection of light
The document defines key terms related to the reflection of light such as normal, angle of incidence, and angle of reflection. It states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection and uses this principle in calculations and measurements. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating angles of incidence and reflection from diagrams of light rays reflecting off plane mirrors.
Nature of light
Light is a transverse wave consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. It can travel through a vacuum at a constant speed of 3.00 x 10^8 m/s or slower through other media. The energy of light photons varies with frequency, with higher frequency light having higher energy, shorter wavelengths, and higher colors in the visible spectrum from violet to red. Lasers emit coherent, monochromatic light of a single frequency unlike incandescent sources. They have many uses including medicine, information storage, industry, and other applications due to their organized light properties.
Concave mirrors
Concave mirrors are curved mirrors that are bent inward. They reflect light to a single focal point and are used to focus light. Common applications of concave mirrors include vehicle headlights, telescopes, microscopes, and solar power devices. Concave mirrors form different types of images depending on where the object is placed relative to the center of curvature and focal point of the mirror.
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Presentation1
Light refracts when passing from one optical medium to another with a different density. When light travels from a denser to rarer medium, it bends away from the normal, and when traveling from rarer to denser, it bends towards the normal. The change in direction light undergoes when passing obliquely between media of different densities is called refraction.
Light
This document discusses key properties of light, including that it travels in straight lines at 3x10^8 m/s in a vacuum. It describes rays and beams of light and the reflection and refraction of light, including the laws of reflection. Reflection is when light bounces off surfaces, and refraction is when it bends when moving between materials of different densities. Refractive index measures the bending of light, and refraction makes objects appear at a different depth than their real depth under water.
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The document discusses the principles of image formation using lenses and how lenses are used in corrective lenses. It covers the basics of refraction, how converging and diverging lenses form images using ray tracing rules, and examples of how converging and diverging lenses can correct for nearsightedness and farsightedness by forming intermediate images at the appropriate focal points for the eye. Diagrams illustrate the ray tracing and image formation for different types of lenses. Exercises provide examples of using the ray tracing rules to locate images.
Refraction
Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one medium to another. Light travels at different speeds in different media, causing it to change direction at the boundary between the two. The degree to which light is refracted depends on the index of refraction, which is a ratio comparing the speed of light in a medium to the speed of light in a vacuum. White light disperses into the colors of the visible spectrum when refracted due to different wavelengths bending by different amounts.
Refraction of light
Light refracts when passing from one medium to another with a different density. When light travels from a less dense to a more dense medium, it bends toward the normal, and when traveling from more dense to less dense, it bends away from the normal. The refractive index is a ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed in a particular medium, and is represented by the Greek letter μ. Snell's law describes the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction.
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Coherent light refers to light rays that travel closely packed in straight parallel lines, like in a sunbeam. Examples of coherent light include lasers, which emit visible light beams that diverge very little over long distances. Automobile headlights and spotlights also emit coherent light by directing rays into a narrow, well-defined beam. Intense direct sunlight passing through a small opening also forms a coherent light beam. Coherent light waves are "in phase" with one another, meaning the crests and troughs of each wave are aligned.
Physical optics
1. Light is an electromagnetic radiation that exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties. As a wave, it can undergo phenomena such as interference, diffraction, and polarization. As a particle, it demonstrates properties like the photoelectric effect.
2. Light interacts with matter in several ways including absorption, transmission, reflection, and scattering. Scattering of light in the eye causes issues like glare and reduces retinal image contrast.
3. Lasers utilize the particle and wave properties of light to perform functions like photocoagulation, photoablation, and photodisruption in ophthalmic procedures and treatments. Precise delivery of laser energy allows for applications in retinal photocoagulation and refractive surgery.
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Lenses are transparent materials that refract light in a predictable way. They are used to magnify or project images. There are two main types of lenses: convex and concave. Convex lenses are thicker in the center and converge light, forming a real image. Concave lenses are thinner in the center and diverge light, forming a virtual upright image that is smaller than the object. The way light rays behave when passing through lenses can be depicted using ray diagrams to show the characteristics of the image formed.
Snell's law
Total internal reflection occurs when light travels from an optically dense medium to a less dense medium and the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle. At the critical angle, the refracted ray travels along the surface of the dense medium. If the incident ray exceeds the critical angle, total internal reflection occurs and the light ray is reflected back into the dense medium rather than refracting into the less dense medium. Mirages can form due to both total internal reflection and refraction as light passes through layers of air with different densities. Snell's law defines the mathematical relationship between the angle of incidence, angle of refraction, and the indices of refraction of the media.
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This document discusses the uses and properties of lenses. It defines reflection and refraction, and describes how curved mirrors and different types of lenses work by bending light. Convex lenses converge light to a focal point, while concave lenses diverge light. Lenses are used in cameras, telescopes, and eyeglasses to focus light and form images. Cameras use lenses to admit more light and produce brighter, clearer pictures than a pinhole camera. The eye uses curved lenses to focus light onto the retina, and nearsightedness and farsightedness occur when the lens is too long or short. Telescopes also employ lenses and curved mirrors to magnify distant objects.
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Light is necessary for sight and interacts with the eyes and brain to allow us to see. Reflection occurs when light changes direction at the interface between two different media, following the law that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Refraction is when a light ray changes direction and speed as it passes from one medium to another due to a change in density.
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Transmission of light from a denser medium to a rarer medium at different angles of incidence .
Critical angle .
Relation between the critical angle and the refractive index .
Factors affecting the critical angle .
Total internal reflection
Total internal reflection in a prism .
Consequences of total internal reflection .
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Specular reflection occurs off smooth surfaces at defined angles, while diffuse reflection scatters light in many directions from rough surfaces. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. A flat mirror produces virtual images through reflection, where the image is reversed from the object.
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This document provides information about light reflection and refraction. It discusses the laws of reflection and refraction, and how light behaves when interacting with spherical mirrors and lenses. Key points covered include:
- The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
- Reflection and refraction of light can be used to form real or virtual images with mirrors and lenses.
- Spherical mirrors and lenses have a focal point where light rays converge or appear to diverge, depending on whether the surface is convex or concave.
- Mirror and lens formulas relate the focal length to the object and image distances.
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The document defines key terms related to the reflection of light such as normal, angle of incidence, and angle of reflection. It states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection and uses this principle in calculations and measurements. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating angles of incidence and reflection from diagrams of light rays reflecting off plane mirrors.
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Light is a transverse wave consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. It can travel through a vacuum at a constant speed of 3.00 x 10^8 m/s or slower through other media. The energy of light photons varies with frequency, with higher frequency light having higher energy, shorter wavelengths, and higher colors in the visible spectrum from violet to red. Lasers emit coherent, monochromatic light of a single frequency unlike incandescent sources. They have many uses including medicine, information storage, industry, and other applications due to their organized light properties.
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REFRACTION.
- 1. REFRACTON OF LIGHT - S.RAJARAJESWARI
- 2. REFRACTION OF LIGHT Refraction is the bend of the path of a light ray as it passes from one transparent medium to another .
- 3. CAUSE OF REFRACTION • The change in the speed of light as it passes from one medium to another, causes refraction of light.
- 4. • Incident ray: A ray of light hits on the surface separating two mediums is the incident ray. • Refracted ray: When an incident light ray passes through second medium and changes it's direction the ray is said to be a refracted ray. • Angle of incidence :The angle between the incident ray and the normal • Angle of reflection : The angle between the reflected ray and the normal
- 6. LAWS OF REFRACTION OR SNELL’S LAW • The incident ray, the normal and the refracted ray at a point of incidence all lie in the same plane. • The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant.
- 7. REFRACTIVE INDEX • Refractive index describes how fast a can light travels through the material. • It is dimensionless • Refractive index is the ratio between the speed of light in a vacuum (c) and the speed of light in the medium (v). • n=c/v
- 8. REFRACTIVE INDEX OF MATERIALS
- 9. REFRACTION APPLICATION • Rainbow: when rainfall occurs,that arc of light spectrum is possible because of internal refraction of sunlight in water droplets.
- 10. • Diamond shine - The light waves passes through the surface of diamond only to be refracted back to us which makes diamond shine.