Reformations and religious wars
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The document summarizes the key events and causes of the Protestant Reformation between 1500-1600. It discusses Martin Luther posting his 95 Theses in 1517 criticizing Catholic Church corruption like selling indulgences which sparked the Reformation. It then covers the spread of Protestantism throughout Europe led by figures like Zwingli and Calvin and responses from the Catholic Church like the Council of Trent and founding of the Jesuits. Political impacts in countries like England and Germany are also summarized.
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The protestant reformation notes
The Protestant Reformation began in the 16th century as a religious movement seeking to reform abuses within the Catholic Church, including its luxurious lifestyle, nepotism in appointments, and selling of indulgences. Martin Luther published his 95 Theses criticizing indulgences and asserting that salvation comes through faith alone, not works. This sparked the Reformation. As Protestantism spread, the Catholic Church responded with inquisitions against heretics and the Counter Reformation to preserve Catholicism, while rising nationalism in European nations further divided people along religious lines.
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The Counter-Reformation was a period from the 1530s to the late 1500s where the Catholic Church made reforms to address issues that contributed to the Protestant Reformation and regain the loyalty of its members. The Council of Trent, a group of cardinals concerned with corruption of traditional church music, banned certain musical practices and secular influences during masses to purify worship. Composers like Giovanni Pierluigida Palestrina composed new church music that aligned with the directives of the Council of Trent.
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The Reformation began in the 1500s led by reformers such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and King Henry VIII who challenged the authority and teachings of the Catholic Church. Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing the Church in 1517 which sparked the Protestant Reformation. The printing press helped spread Protestant ideas. The Counter Reformation was launched by the Catholic Church including through the Jesuits and the Council of Trent to combat heresy and reform the Church. This led to a divided Europe and era of religious wars between Protestant and Catholic states.
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The Protestant Reformation began in the 16th century as a religious movement seeking to reform abuses within the Catholic Church, including its luxurious lifestyle, nepotism in appointments, and selling of indulgences. Martin Luther published his 95 Theses criticizing indulgences and asserting that salvation comes through faith alone, not works. This sparked the Reformation. As Protestantism spread, the Catholic Church responded with inquisitions against heretics and the Counter Reformation to preserve Catholicism, while rising nationalism in European nations further divided people along religious lines.
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1) Constantine's vision of the Chi-Rho before the Battle of Milvian Bridge in 312 AD, after which he adopted the sign to mark his soldiers' shields and helmets and emerged victorious, establishing the Chi-Rho as a Christian symbol.
2) The Edict of Milan in 313 AD which granted religious freedom and restitution of confiscated Christian properties throughout the Empire.
3) The construction of important Christian sites including the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem and the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.
4)
Constantine & Religion
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- The document discusses the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire and the persecution of Christians by Roman authorities for roughly 300 years. It then outlines the conversion of Emperor Constantine to Christianity and his efforts to legalize and promote the religion.
- The Roman Empire was divided into Western and Eastern sections with Constantinople as the new capital of the Eastern Byzantine Empire, which continued Roman traditions and controlled major trade routes.
The Counter Reformation
The Counter Reformation was the Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation in the mid-1500s to early 1600s. It included reforms defined at the Council of Trent that addressed abuses, corruption, and clarified Catholic doctrine. New religious orders like the Jesuits renewed the Church's emphasis on spirituality and education to combat Protestantism. The Inquisitions prosecuted Protestants, while censorship through indexes of forbidden books aimed to control heresy. Religious conflicts erupted across Europe between Catholics and Protestants.
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Public turmoil, personal piety
The removal of the papacy to Avignon signaled a change in its status and relationship with rulers. Living away from Rome in France, the Avignon popes demanded increasingly higher taxes. This disturbed the people and countries like England who were against French domination of the church during the Hundred Years' War. The French king also gained confidence in controlling the papacy after arresting Pope Boniface VIII.
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The document summarizes the revival of the Catholic Church between the 11th and 13th centuries through new religious orders like the Cistercians and mendicant orders of St. Francis and St. Dominic, as well as reforms to address issues like simony and married priests. It also covers the growth of papal power under figures like Gregory VII and Innocent III, and the Crusades launched to retake the Holy Land from Muslim rule.
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Early 16th century Europe was politically unstable with five main power blocs vying for influence - France, Iberia, the Italian states, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire. The Catholic Church was also criticized for issues like simony, pluralism, and clergy acting immorally. Most people firmly believed in the existence of heaven, hell, and purgatory and that the Church and priests provided the only path to salvation and assurance about the afterlife. Growing anticlericalism and desire for reform among the laity would help spark the Protestant Reformation.
The protestant reformation
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing corrupt practices in the Catholic Church. Luther argued that salvation came through faith alone, not good works or sacraments as the Church taught. When Luther refused to recant his writings, he was excommunicated and started the Lutheran Protestant movement. Other reformers like Calvin and Henry VIII also broke from Catholicism, founding new denominations with beliefs like predestination and establishing national churches. The printing press helped spread new Protestant ideas across Europe and challenged the Catholic Church's authority.
The Reformation
The document defines key terms related to the Protestant Reformation such as Protestant, sale of indulgences, Great Schism, Martin Luther, 95 Theses, Desiderius Erasmus, John Calvin, predestination, and Ignatius of Loyola. It provides brief explanations of individuals like Luther, Erasmus, and Calvin who were influential religious reformers and theologies they promoted such as predestination. Additionally, it defines concepts important to the Reformation period like the schism in the Catholic Church and Luther's 95 Theses which criticized corrupt practices of the Catholic Church.
8 th grade reformation
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This document provides information about the Petrobrusians, a 12th century Christian sect that was one of the earliest groups to oppose the authority of the Roman Catholic priesthood. It describes their founder, Peter of Bruys, who began preaching against Catholic corruption and clerical vices in southeastern France between 1117-1120. The document outlines five main teachings of the Petrobrusians that were criticized by Peter the Venerable in his treatise responding to their beliefs, including their rejection of infant baptism, building of churches, veneration of crosses, transubstantiation, and prayers for the dead. It concludes by stating that Peter of Bruys was publicly burned to death by an angry Catholic
Protestant reformation notes
The Protestant Reformation began in response to perceived issues within the Catholic Church, including that it had become more focused on wealth than spiritual matters, the pope had become too political, and some priests had engaged in misconduct. Martin Luther helped spark the Reformation by posting his 95 Theses criticizing the Church and certain doctrines like the selling of indulgences. He went on to be excommunicated from the Catholic Church and establish the Lutheran Church, emphasizing salvation through faith alone rather than good deeds. The Reformation then spread through the establishment of new Protestant denominations across Europe in the 1500s-1600s.
Constantine: The Great Conversion
Constantine the Great played a pivotal role in the legalization and spread of Christianity in the Roman Empire. Some key events and accomplishments included:
1) Constantine's vision of the Chi-Rho before the Battle of Milvian Bridge in 312 AD, after which he adopted the sign to mark his soldiers' shields and helmets and emerged victorious, establishing the Chi-Rho as a Christian symbol.
2) The Edict of Milan in 313 AD which granted religious freedom and restitution of confiscated Christian properties throughout the Empire.
3) The construction of important Christian sites including the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem and the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.
4)
Constantine & Religion
- A group of local people in one of Rome's provinces refuses to participate in Roman rituals and holidays, saying it violates their religious beliefs, while otherwise remaining peaceful. Some Roman soldiers see this group as a potential threat.
- The document discusses the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire and the persecution of Christians by Roman authorities for roughly 300 years. It then outlines the conversion of Emperor Constantine to Christianity and his efforts to legalize and promote the religion.
- The Roman Empire was divided into Western and Eastern sections with Constantinople as the new capital of the Eastern Byzantine Empire, which continued Roman traditions and controlled major trade routes.
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The Counter Reformation was the Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation in the mid-1500s to early 1600s. It included reforms defined at the Council of Trent that addressed abuses, corruption, and clarified Catholic doctrine. New religious orders like the Jesuits renewed the Church's emphasis on spirituality and education to combat Protestantism. The Inquisitions prosecuted Protestants, while censorship through indexes of forbidden books aimed to control heresy. Religious conflicts erupted across Europe between Catholics and Protestants.
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The removal of the papacy to Avignon signaled a change in its status and relationship with rulers. Living away from Rome in France, the Avignon popes demanded increasingly higher taxes. This disturbed the people and countries like England who were against French domination of the church during the Hundred Years' War. The French king also gained confidence in controlling the papacy after arresting Pope Boniface VIII.
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The document provides a brief history of the Catholic Church from the time of Christ and the Apostles to the Second Vatican Council. It describes how the Church was founded by Christ's command to spread the gospel to all nations. Key events included the persecution of early Christians under Roman emperors, the Edict of Milan legalizing Christianity, and the Great Schism that divided the Church into Western and Eastern branches. The Protestant Reformation led to new denominations but the Council of Trent initiated reforms and reaffirmed Catholic doctrine. The Second Vatican Council in the 1960s brought renewal and reforms to the modern Catholic Church.
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The document summarizes the revival of the Catholic Church between the 11th and 13th centuries through new religious orders like the Cistercians and mendicant orders of St. Francis and St. Dominic, as well as reforms to address issues like simony and married priests. It also covers the growth of papal power under figures like Gregory VII and Innocent III, and the Crusades launched to retake the Holy Land from Muslim rule.
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Early 16th century Europe was politically unstable with five main power blocs vying for influence - France, Iberia, the Italian states, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire. The Catholic Church was also criticized for issues like simony, pluralism, and clergy acting immorally. Most people firmly believed in the existence of heaven, hell, and purgatory and that the Church and priests provided the only path to salvation and assurance about the afterlife. Growing anticlericalism and desire for reform among the laity would help spark the Protestant Reformation.
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The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing corrupt practices in the Catholic Church. Luther argued that salvation came through faith alone, not good works or sacraments as the Church taught. When Luther refused to recant his writings, he was excommunicated and started the Lutheran Protestant movement. Other reformers like Calvin and Henry VIII also broke from Catholicism, founding new denominations with beliefs like predestination and establishing national churches. The printing press helped spread new Protestant ideas across Europe and challenged the Catholic Church's authority.
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The document defines key terms related to the Protestant Reformation such as Protestant, sale of indulgences, Great Schism, Martin Luther, 95 Theses, Desiderius Erasmus, John Calvin, predestination, and Ignatius of Loyola. It provides brief explanations of individuals like Luther, Erasmus, and Calvin who were influential religious reformers and theologies they promoted such as predestination. Additionally, it defines concepts important to the Reformation period like the schism in the Catholic Church and Luther's 95 Theses which criticized corrupt practices of the Catholic Church.
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The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 and led to the end of religious unity in Western Europe. Martin Luther posted his 95 theses criticizing the Catholic Church in 1517, which sparked the Reformation in Germany. Henry VIII established the Church of England to gain an annulment of his marriage. The Reformation spread to other parts of Europe but had less success in Spain and Italy. The Catholic Church responded with the Counter-Reformation including the Council of Trent and Jesuits. The Reformation resulted in over a century of religious wars and fragmented Christianity in the West.
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The document summarizes the key events and impacts of the Protestant Reformation that began in 1517 when Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing the Catholic Church. This led to the establishment of Protestant churches not under the authority of the Pope and divisions in Christianity across Europe between Catholics and Protestants. The printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 1440s, allowed for widespread distribution of the Bible and spread of new religious ideas supporting both the Protestant Reformation and divisions in European Christianity over centuries.
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This document discusses the state of the Catholic Church in England before the Protestant Reformation. It presents differing views on whether the Church was in need of reform or still satisfied people's needs. Some historians like John Foxe argued the Church was unpopular and corrupt, while others note that most people's lives still centered around the Church. The document also examines popular religious practices, criticisms of clergy, and early figures who opposed some Catholic doctrines, like humanists and reformers John Colet. It introduces Martin Luther's challenges to Catholic theology and indulgences, and how his ideas began spreading to England through figures like William Tyndale.
The Russian Orthodox Church
The Russian Orthodox Church traces its origins to St. Andrew who brought Christianity to Kiev in the 10th century. It grew under Princes and Tsars and established monasteries. The Church enjoyed favored status under the Mongols but faced repression under the Soviets from 1917-1991 when religious freedom was restored. The Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia leads the Church which plays an important role in Russian society and government.
12iii Pt 2 The Medieval Church
The Medieval Catholic Church was the central authority in Western Europe and taught that people were inherently sinful and dependent on God's grace to reach heaven. People participated in sacraments like baptism, communion, and confession that were administered by the Church. While Christianity could be complex, monks and nuns helped spread the religion through missionary work, teaching literacy, and operating hospitals. The Church held significant political and social power through the 1100s when calls for reform began regarding issues like corruption among clergy.
Confirmation
In early Christianity, confirmation was celebrated along with baptism by full immersion in water and anointing with oil by the bishop. As the church grew, it became impractical for bishops to administer confirmation at every baptism, so the sacraments began to be separated with confirmation administered later. By the 1000s, confirmation and first communion were further separated, with confirmation emerging as a distinct rite celebrated apart from baptism.
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Reformation
The Reformation occurred in the 16th century and resulted in the Christian Church splitting into Catholic and Protestant denominations. Martin Luther protested corrupt practices in the Catholic Church like selling indulgences and instead advocated justification by faith alone without good deeds. Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing indulgences, and his ideas spread, leading other reformers like John Calvin and Henry VIII of England to establish new Protestant churches that rejected the Pope's authority. The split caused religious conflicts but eventually peace agreements divided Western Christianity between Catholic and Protestant branches.
Reformation Quiz
This document provides background information on key figures and events of the Protestant Reformation, including Martin Luther, John Calvin, Ulrich Zwingli, and Henry VIII. It discusses Luther's 95 Theses and nailing them to the church door in 1517, as well as his opposition to the selling of indulgences by the Catholic Church. It also summarizes the differences between Luther's and Calvin's views on topics like the Lord's Supper and the relationship between church and state.
Sects in christianity
The document provides background information on the origins of different branches of Christianity. It discusses that prior to the Reformation in the 1500s, all Christians were Roman Catholic. It then summarizes key events and figures in the Protestant Reformation, including Martin Luther posting his 95 Theses criticizing the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences in 1517. This sparked the Reformation as Luther's ideas spread widely through the new printing press and gained support, leading to his excommunication from the Catholic Church and the emergence of new Protestant denominations like Lutheranism.
The protestant reformation-1
The Protestant Reformation was sparked by Martin Luther in 1517 when he wrote his 95 Theses criticizing Catholic Church practices like selling indulgences. Luther argued that salvation came through faith alone rather than good works and sacraments as the Church taught. When Luther refused to recant his writings, he was excommunicated by the Catholic Church in 1521. This led to the formation of Lutheranism as the first Protestant denomination. The Reformation then inspired further reforms by leaders like Calvin and the creation of new denominations such as Calvinism and Anglicanism that broke away from Catholicism.
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The Reformation began in the 16th century as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church but ultimately led to the establishment of Protestantism. It was sparked by issues like corruption in the Catholic Church leadership and the selling of indulgences. Martin Luther's 95 Theses criticizing indulgences and certain Catholic doctrines helped launch the Protestant Reformation in Germany. The Counter-Reformation was the Catholic Church's response, using instruments like the Council of Trent, the Roman Inquisition, and new religious orders like the Jesuits to strengthen the Church and counter the spread of Protestant ideas.
A People’s History of Christianity May 24, 2015
The document discusses the history of the Protestant Reformation in Europe beginning in the 15th century. It covers key figures like John Wycliffe, Jan Hus, Martin Luther, and others who challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and helped establish new Christian denominations. The text also summarizes the creation of the Church of England under King Henry VIII and the religious settlements put in place by later monarchs like Elizabeth I to balance Protestant and Catholic interests in England.
Protestanism & Catholic Reformation
The spread of Protestantism led to divisions in Europe in the 16th century. Martin Luther started the Protestant Reformation by denouncing Catholic traditions and advocating salvation by faith alone. John Calvin established a theocratic government in Geneva based on predestination. Calvinism then spread across Europe and encouraged revolutionary movements. The Anabaptists believed in adult baptism and religious liberty but faced persecution. King Henry VIII separated the Church of England from Rome to allow his divorce and the succession of the English throne saw shifts between Protestant and Catholic rulers.
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Protestant reformation 1517
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther, a German monk, nailed his 95 Theses criticizing the Catholic Church's practices, such as selling indulgences, to a church door in Wittenberg. Luther's writings spread widely thanks to the printing press, opening people's eyes to corruption in the Church. Luther advocated beliefs like salvation by faith alone and scripture as the sole religious authority. When the Church demanded he recant his writings, Luther refused, breaking from the Catholic Church and starting the Protestant Reformation that divided Western Christianity.
Reformation
Christian Humanism emerged during the Reformation as a movement that emphasized studying early Christian writings and the Bible to reform the Catholic Church and improve society. A leading figure, Desiderius Erasmus, criticized the Church's corruption and hypocrisy in his influential work "In Praise of Folly" and called for reform from within. Martin Luther also sought reform but eventually broke from the Church over doctrines like salvation by faith alone, sparking the wider Protestant Reformation across Europe in various forms such as Lutheranism, Calvinism, and the Church of England established under King Henry VIII.
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learningfromgeography.wikispaces.comReformation
The document summarizes the key causes and events that led to the Protestant Reformation in Europe in the 16th century. It discusses that by the 15th century, the Roman Catholic Church had become very powerful but was also facing criticism over corrupt practices. Martin Luther then challenged the Church's authority by posting his 95 Theses criticizing the selling of indulgences in 1517, which spread widely due to the printing press. Luther's teachings emphasized faith over works and that the Bible was the sole religious authority, threatening the Church's power and leading to the broader Protestant Reformation.
A brief history of spirituality
The document discusses the history of spirituality in Europe between 1150-1450 CE. Key developments included the Gregorian reforms which aimed to purify the church but failed to satisfy people, leading to dissident movements. The Vita Evangelica expressed a fervent spirituality imitating Jesus and was expressed through mendicant groups like Franciscans. This contributed to urban revival and the growth of cities, where cathedrals fostered aspirations of community and a vision of heavenly splendor. New spiritual communities and orders of preachers emerged, including the Dominicans and Beguines, engaging in preaching, teaching, and ministering to the poor.
Protestant reformation 1517
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses criticizing the Catholic Church's practices, such as selling indulgences, to a church door in Wittenberg, Germany. Luther's criticisms, aided by the spread of his ideas through the printing press, opened people's eyes to corruption and malpractices in the Catholic Church. When Luther refused to recant his criticisms at the Diet of Worms in 1521, he was excommunicated from the Church and went into hiding. This led to the formation of new Protestant churches that broke away from the Catholic Church's authority based on their own beliefs, such as Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism.
Protestant Reformation 1517
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses criticizing the Catholic Church's practices, such as selling indulgences, to a church door in Wittenberg, Germany. Luther's criticisms, aided by the spread of his ideas through the printing press, opened people's eyes to corruption and malpractices in the Catholic Church. When Luther refused to recant his criticisms at the Diet of Worms in 1521, he was excommunicated from the Church and went into hiding. This led to the formation of new Protestant churches that broke away from the Catholic Church's authority based on their own beliefs, such as Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism.
The beginning of modern age in europe(The reformation)
The document provides background on the Reformation in Europe. It began as a protest against abuses within the Catholic Church in the 16th century. Critics opposed the corruption and financial exploitation, including the selling of indulgences. This led to a split, with Protestants breaking away from the Catholic Church's authority under the Pope. Martin Luther emerged as a key figure, publicly challenging the Church and its teachings. His protests helped spark the wider Reformation movement.
Reformation and religious wars
The document discusses the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation. It summarizes that the Catholic Church was facing problems like corruption and secular power among Popes before the Reformation. Martin Luther originally wanted to reform the Catholic Church but was excommunicated and helped establish Lutheranism. This led to other Protestant movements and religious wars between Catholics and Protestants. The Catholic Church responded with the Council of Trent and reforms, establishing stricter rules for clergy and new orders like the Jesuits to strengthen the Church and combat the growing Protestant influence.
The Protestant Reformation
The document summarizes key events and figures in the Protestant Reformation from the 14th to 16th centuries. It discusses early reformers like John Wycliffe, Jan Hus, and Erasmus who questioned the authority of the Catholic Church. The printing press allowed books to reach a wider audience, aiding the spread of new ideas. Martin Luther's 95 Theses criticized the sale of indulgences by the Catholic Church and sparked the Reformation. Other reformers like Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin, and John Knox established new Christian denominations. The document also outlines how King Henry VIII established the Church of England independent of papal authority.
The Protestant Reformation
Learn about the protestant reformation in the 16th and 17th century. The downfall of the Roman Catholic church, Martin Luther and the effects are covered.
Not mine. My Professor made this.
Lesson3
The document discusses the decline of power of the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages, which led to the Protestant Reformation. It describes how the rise of European nations weakened the Church's power as kings took more authority. It also discusses the Avignon Papacy from 1305-1376 when the pope resided in Avignon, France instead of Rome, which further diminished his influence. This period of dual papacies known as the Great Schism divided the Church. The document examines some of the critiques of the Church's practices like selling indulgences for money.
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Reformations and religious wars
- 1. Reformations and Religious Wars1500-1600 Chapter 14
- 2. Causes of the Reformation Babylonian Captivity Great Schism- 1377-1417 Rejected Conciliar Movement Corruption of the Catholic Church
- 3. Corruption of the Catholic Church Simony- sale of church offices Pluralism- an official holding more than 1 office at a time Absenteeism- an official not participating but receiving payment Nepotism- favoring family members when appointing church officials Moral decline of the clergy- drinking, gambling, indulgence, neglect of celibacy Clerical Ignorance- many illiterate priests Sale of Indulgences- people paying money to absolve their sins
- 4. Critics of the Catholic Church John Wyclif John Hus Thomas á Kempis Erasmus Martin Luther
- 5. Martin Luther (1483-1546) Augustinian friar; professor at University of Wittenburg The pope needed more money to pay for St. Peter’s cathedral-authorized the selling of indulgences Johann Tetzel 95 Theses October 31, 1517
- 6. Defied pope by refusing to recant Wanted to reform Catholic Church at first Debate with Johann Eck Diet of Worms Excommunicated by Pope Leo X 1520 Edict of Worms- outlawed as heretic Confessions of Augsburg (15300 Phillip Melanchthon
- 7. Protestant Thought Salvation through faith alone Bible was sole authority Only 2 valid sacraments- baptism and communion “priesthood of all believers” Rejected Catholic monastic ideas about poverty, chastity, and obedience Consubstantiation
- 8. Spread of Reformation Leaders feared revolution Peasants’ unhappy and revolted German Peasants’ War 1525 Northern German states Denmark and Sweden Charles V sought to stop spread Protestantism League of Schmalkden Habsburg-Valois Wars
- 9. Spread of Protestantism Anabaptists Ulrich Zwingli John Calvin Calvinism John Knox Presbyterianism Dutch Reformed Church Huguenots Puritans Eastern Europe
- 10. Reformation and Marriage Marriage not a sacrament Luther married to former nun Zwingli married widow Women subject to men Divorce and remarriage
- 11. Reformation and German Politics Rise of the Habsburg Dynasty Political Impact Changing allies and political maneuvers
- 12. Reformation in England and Ireland King Henry VIII Church of England Supremacy Act of 1534 Edward VI Protestant Bloody Mary Catholic Elizabeth I Protestant
- 13. The Catholic Reformation Holy Office The Council of Trent Jesuits
- 14. Violence France St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre Edict of Nantes Netherlands Witch-Hunts
Editor's Notes
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