Constantine the Great played a pivotal role in the legalization and spread of Christianity in the Roman Empire. Some key events and accomplishments included:
1) Constantine's vision of the Chi-Rho before the Battle of Milvian Bridge in 312 AD, after which he adopted the sign to mark his soldiers' shields and helmets and emerged victorious, establishing the Chi-Rho as a Christian symbol.
2) The Edict of Milan in 313 AD which granted religious freedom and restitution of confiscated Christian properties throughout the Empire.
3) The construction of important Christian sites including the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem and the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.
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What is the difference between the resurrection of Christ and His ascension? What would have happened if Christ had not risen from the grave? What would have happened if Christ had not ascended into heaven? Why do you think most Christians, and the Church at large, place little emphasis on the ascension of Jesus Christ? How does the ascension of Christ practically affect your Christian faith, your obedience to Him, your love for the brethren, and your hope in the future?
What is the difference between the resurrection of Christ and His ascension? What would have happened if Christ had not risen from the grave? What would have happened if Christ had not ascended into heaven? Why do you think most Christians, and the Church at large, place little emphasis on the ascension of Jesus Christ? How does the ascension of Christ practically affect your Christian faith, your obedience to Him, your love for the brethren, and your hope in the future?
Pastor Elio Marrocco's "The Meaning of Easter" sermon at New Life Christian Church on April 6, 2012. You can learn more about New Life Christian Church here: http://www.newlifecc.ca
In talking about the humanity of Christ we must not rely on our reason alone rather we look in the eyes of faith so that we may see the truth clearly. On the other hand, we cannot separate the reason and faith for they must go hand in hand.
As St. Augustine says, faith seeks understanding. Moreover, scripture presents to us the evidences to prove the humanity of Christ. This will be our guide to have an idea on the life of Christ. In addition, the truth by which our early fathers of the church passed on to us will be part of this topic. The error of the teaching of some early Christians will also be included.
In Christian circles the issue of Bible translations is often viewed as too confusing to really come to any solid conclusions. Among conservatives, such as in the Seventh-day Adventist denomination, the issue is a very hot topic, rather tending toward a dogma of the KJV. This presentation seeks to clarify the true issues; hopefully leading to a rational, well-founded perspective.
Pastor Elio Marrocco's "The Meaning of Easter" sermon at New Life Christian Church on April 6, 2012. You can learn more about New Life Christian Church here: http://www.newlifecc.ca
In talking about the humanity of Christ we must not rely on our reason alone rather we look in the eyes of faith so that we may see the truth clearly. On the other hand, we cannot separate the reason and faith for they must go hand in hand.
As St. Augustine says, faith seeks understanding. Moreover, scripture presents to us the evidences to prove the humanity of Christ. This will be our guide to have an idea on the life of Christ. In addition, the truth by which our early fathers of the church passed on to us will be part of this topic. The error of the teaching of some early Christians will also be included.
In Christian circles the issue of Bible translations is often viewed as too confusing to really come to any solid conclusions. Among conservatives, such as in the Seventh-day Adventist denomination, the issue is a very hot topic, rather tending toward a dogma of the KJV. This presentation seeks to clarify the true issues; hopefully leading to a rational, well-founded perspective.
150 word resonse. Use textbook Getlein, M. (2010). Living With Art.docxjeanettehully
150 word resonse. Use textbook: Getlein, M. (2010). Living With Art (9 ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
The shift that occurred in the Roman Empire had to do with the rise of Christianity and its widespread acceptance. When the Roman emperor Constantine issued an edict which tolerated all religions, the split began. With Constantine continuing to practice Christianity heavily he decided to move his headquarters from the west to the east to a capital in Byzantine called Constantinople. Later rulers of the Byzantine Empire would make Christianity the state religion and furthering itself from the romans. The art in this period was devoted to Jesus and all things dealing with Christianity. Many churches were built and each one grand and decorated with mosaics depicting Christ in various forms, much like the interior dome of Santa Maria la Nuava a 12th century byzantine church in Sicily that showed Christ as the Pantokrator (pg.350 15.9).
The middle ages in Europe describe the period of time between the final western Roman emperor and the Renaissance. During these times many styles of art and architecture were born. Animal style which focused on works made up mostly of animal images and intertwined line pattern.an example on this style would be the Lion from the Gospel Book of Durrow (pg.353 15.12) created by Irish monks the page features interlocking lines as a border and an intricate lion in the center signaling the beginning of the Gospel of Mark (pg.352). Also during the early middle ages Carolingian began to form in France. Named for Charlemagne the Frankish emperor at the time, he believed himself to be holy and asked for a chapel to be built in his home. The chapel resembled Roman churches of the past was made for worshiping Christ but was much more substantial than its prototypes. Next in the high Middle Ages came the Romanesque and gothic periods based on old roman architecture. The Romanesque period came first dated 1050 to 1200 the architecture in the period drew from the old southern portion Roman Empire i.e. “overall massiveness, thick stone walls, rounded arches, and barrel vaulted stone ceilings” (pg.354). While the gothic period 1200-15th century which took a more northern approach, attributed to the Goths of the 4th and 5th century i.e. “stained glass, pointed arches, ribbed vaulting ,and flying buttresses”(pg.355). As seen in the Chartres Cathedral (pg.356-357 15.18, 15.19, 15.21, 15.22) the gothic and Romanesque architecture are both visible because the cathedral was completed at different times. Throughout all these time periods we have been given plenty architecture and art to marvel in from churches and cathedrals to mosaics and tapestry for years to come.
Getlein, M. (2010). Living With Art (9 ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
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How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Constantine: The Great Conversion
1. The Great Conversion A Tour of the Symbols, Art, and Architecture of Constantine the Great Tracie Conner
2. Constantine: Early Years Constantine the Great (Flavius Valerius Constantius) was born in 274 AD; the son of Constantius, then an officer in the Roman army, and his consort Helen. Constantine entered military service in 296 and was present at Nicodemia alongside his now-Caesar father, in 303 A.D. when Diocletian issued his First Edict of the Great Persecution, which called for the destruction of Christian artworks, liturgy, and places of worship. The Edict also made Christian worship punishable by death or imprisonment. Soon after Diocletian published the Edict, his palace was partially destroyed by a fire, which he alleged was an act of Christian retaliation. However, Constantine later states “The palace, and the emperor's private chamber were destroyed, consumed by lightning, devoured by the fire of heaven..”* Constantine thereby acknowledges Diocletian’s fabrication which was apparently an attempt to justify the persecutions. Some theorize Constantine, whose Mother was a Christian, may have seen the lightning strike and resulting fire as evidence of an angry Christian God? In 306, Constantine is named his father’s successor however is denied the title Augustus and instead granted that of Caesar by Emperor Galerius.*Eusebius, The Oration of Constantine, Chapter 25
3. “In Hoc Signo Vinces” In 312 AD, Constantine claims a miraculous vision, which Eusbius later recounts: “About the time of the midday sun, when day was just turning, he said he saw with his own eyes, up in the sky and resting over the sun, a cross-shaped trophy formed from light, and a text attached to it whichsaid, ‘In Hoc Signo Vinces’” (Translation: By this Sign Conquer). He continues “Thereupon, as he slept, the Christ of God appeared to him with the sign which had appeared in the sky, and urged him to make himself a copy of the sign which had appeared in the sky, and to use this as protection against the attacks of the enemy.” Constantine orders the sign of his omen be placed upon the shields of his soldiers with the Greek letters Chi and Rho together as a symbol of “Christus” before facing Maxentius at the Battle of Milvian Bridge. When Constantine emerges from the battle victorious, his men proclaim him “Augustus” and so emerges the first use of the Chi-Rho sign of Christianity.
5. 4th Century Roman Helmet Crest Constantine’s Cross, commonly known as the Chi-Rho, was first used to mark the labarum, shields and helmets of his soldiers. Though it is seen after marking the tombs of Christians and Roman coins. Pictured, far left, is a 4th Century Roman soldier’s helmet crest impressed with Constantine’s Cross. The insert (bottom left) illustrates the placement on the helmet. Above, a detail of the impression of the symbol. This piece, measuring 123 mm long, 15 mm wide, and 1 mm deep, was wrought from copper alloy with gold gilding.
7. Early Roman-Christian Sarcophagus, ca. 350 A.D. In 313 AD, Emperor Constantine issues the Edict of Milan thereby granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire and grants Christians restitution for confiscated properties. As a result, Christians are free to worship and ceremonially bury their dead. It is also during the 4th century that Christians begin using Constantine’s Cross or Chi-Rho in funerary works seen in the early Christian catacombs of Rome. Pictured above is the richly detailed relief carved upon an early Christian sarcophagus, ca. 350 AD. The sarcophagus likely from Domitilla, is conserved in the Vatican Museum, Rome, and features the Passion of the Christ, scenes of Jesus being crowned with thorns, Jesus appearing before Pilate. However, on the front of the sarcophagus is prominently featured a cross bearing the Chi-Rho of Constantine, surrounded by a wreath of laurel symbolic of Christ’s victory over death. Two roman soldiers are seen kneeling at the cross, perhaps a reference to the sentiment of the Roman Empire under the rule of Constantine.
9. Arch of Constantine, 315 A.D. To commemorate his victory over Maxentius at the Battle for Milvian Bridge, the Senate ordered the construction of a triumphant arch in honor of Constantine. The arch, in view of the Colosseum, was dedicated in 315 A. The Arch of Constantine was constructed of marble and incorporated repurposed sculptural works from the earlier periods of Trajan and Hadrian. The arch measures 85 feet wide and 69 feet tall. The structure consists of three arches which are decorated with frieze depictions of Constantine’s greatness including a scene in which his army is shown driving the troops of Maxentius into the Tiber River. The statue is inscribed with a dedication to Constantine noted to be vague an neutral referring to the “divine” rather than a specific religion or god.
11. Church of the Holy Sepulcher, 326 A.D. In 324 A.D., Constantine charged his Mother Helen with determining locations significant in the life of Christ. On her subsequent trip through Palestine, Helen conducted careful excavations of Christian sites purportedly identifying the mount of the ascension and the grotto of the nativity (the current sites of Chapel of the Ascension and Church of the Nativity, respectively). Helen also claimed to have determined the location of the True Cross and nails of Jesus’ crucifixion. Unfortunately, a temple honoring the Aphrodite had been built upon the site preventing further exploration. In 325-326, Constantine ordered the temple be torn down. In it’s place, the Church of the Holy Sepulcher was constructed. The fragments of the True Cross recovered during Helen’s excavations were dispersed among churches for use in holy relics such as the one still conserved in the Reliquary of the True Cross at the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem (pictured left). Constantine ordered the establishment of The Church of the Holy Sepulcher and construction was overseen by Helen. The tomb identified on the site as that of Jesus was carefully sealed and a Byzantine style church constructed over it. The original church was destroyed by Persians in 614 A.D., rebuilt and again destroyed in 1009 when Egyptian Caliph al-Hakim raised the building and tomb he found underneath. The building as it remains today is of Crusaders design constructed in 1860. With its dome and brick and mortar style, it likely portrays some of the details of the original.
13. Hagia Sophia, 360 A.D. In 330 A.D. Constantine enjoys sole rule over a unified Roman Empire and transfers his seat of government to Byzantium which is renamed Constantinople. It is here that Constantine constructs the Hagia Sophia (Church of the Holy Wisdom), 360 A.D. The Hagia Sophia is considered Constantine’s crown jewel, a remarkable testament to Christianity and Byzantine architecture. Though it is impressive in both beauty and scale, the simple brick and mortar construction of the exterior doesn’t suggest the opulence of the interior. The Hagia Sophia is filled with beautiful mosaics, which honor its Christian heritage with depictions of Jesus, Mary and the Archangel Gabriel. There are also gilt crosses as well as marble pillars recovered and transferred from preexisting buildings of the ancient period as well as impressive marble doors, which are beautiful remnants of the Roman Hellenistic period. The main structure is comprised of a rectangular basilica measuring 245 feet long and 229 feet wide. The central nave, measuring 102 feet in length, is capped with an equally matched central dome that rises 160 feet, and measures 102 feet in diameter. The dome appears to sit atop a ring of 40 arched windows that floods the interior with natural light purported to have a mystical quality. This dramatic use of windows creates the illusion that the massive expanse is supported by a perimeter of light when, in actuality, the weight of the dome is structurally supported by four arches (pendentives) and a series of tympana and semi-domes.
14. Constantine the Great’s Roman Empire 305 A.D. Constantine the Great left an indelible mark on the Roman Empire and no doubt played a crucial role in the development and sustainability of the Catholic Church. His legacy is tangible in the arts and architecture of the Roman Catholic Church and Byzantine culture.
15. Sources Eusebius Pamphilius: Church History, Life of Constantin, Oration in Praise of Constantine; Prolegomena; I. Constantine the Great, Chapter One;http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201.iv.iii.i.i.html#iv.iii.i.i-Page_41Coleman, Christopher Bush, 1875, Constantine I, Emperor of Rome, d. 337 Constitutum Constantini, The Columbia Universtiy Press, New York, 1914 http://www.archive.org/stream/constantinegrea00colegoog#page/n7/mode/1upThe Online Collection of Roman Artifacts, Helmet Fragments and Shield Items; Complete Late Roman Helmet Cresthttp://www.roman-artifacts.com/Helmet%20Fragments%20&%20Shield%20Items/Complete%204th%20Century%20Helmet%20Crest/4th%20century%20helmet%20crest.htmEusebius, Oration of Constantine, Chapter 25, New Adventhttp://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2503.htmPhoto Credit: Constantinople Christian Sarcophagus, Circa 400; Photographer at Le Grand Palais, Paris 2007, Uploadalt, Permission )http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Contantinople_Christian_sarcophagus_circa_400.jpgInstitute for Sacred Architecture; The Sarcophagus of Domatilla http://www.sacredarchitecture.org/images/uploads/DomatillaSarcophagus.jpgArch of Constantine, Rome, Italy. Photographed by Adrian Pingstone in June 2007 and placed in the public domain.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arch.of.constantine.threequarter.view.arp.jpgArch of Constantine, Wilson Delgado, December 8, 2008, Romehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Constarch_d4.jpgChurch of the Holy Sepulcher, Treasure Room, Jerusalem, adriatikus, public use workhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:5281-20080123-jerusalem-holy-sepulchre-treasure.jpgDestination 360; Church of the Holy Sepulcherhttp://www.destination360.com/middle-east/israel/church-of-the-holy-sepulcherThe Influence of Hagia Sophia on Ottoman Architecture, Qantara: Mediterranean Heritage http://www.qantara-med.org/qantara4/public/show_document.php?do_id=706&lang=enSacred Destinations; Hagia Sophia, Istanbul; http://www.sacred-destinations.com/turkey/istanbul-hagia-sophiaKleiner, Fred. Gardner's Art Through the Ages: A Concise History of Western Art, 2nd Edition. Wadsworth Publishing, 01/2010. 132). <vbk:1111504571#page(132)>