This document provides background information on key figures and events of the Protestant Reformation, including Martin Luther, John Calvin, Ulrich Zwingli, and Henry VIII. It discusses Luther's 95 Theses and nailing them to the church door in 1517, as well as his opposition to the selling of indulgences by the Catholic Church. It also summarizes the differences between Luther's and Calvin's views on topics like the Lord's Supper and the relationship between church and state.

2. “Let the wife make her husband
glad to come home and let him
make her sorry to see him
leave.”
Martin Luther

3. Quiz
On your knowledge about the
Protestant Reformation

4. Europe, 1500

5.  Hatred for the Roman Catholic Church
 The gospel of Jesus Christ
 Justification by faith
 German dislike for the Italians
1. The Reformation was, 1st and foremost,
all about:

6. 2. What was the Reformation?
 When protestant churches and ideas formed,
breaking away from the Catholic church.
 A time when more and more people were
reading the NIV Bible
 When the Roman Empire broke into two
empires – north and south
 A time when people became more involved in
theatre and art class.

7. 3. Which one is Martin Luther?
A. B.
C. D.

8. 4. Who was not a leader in the Protestant
Reformation?
 John Calvin
 Martin Luther
 John Wesley
 Ulrich Zwingli

9. 5. Martin Luther was originally born
Martin Ludher or Luder. What is the
meaning of Ludher?
 A woman deficient in morals, a hussy
 One who steals, a looter
 A loudmouth
 Without a home or job, a vagabond

10. 6. Martin Luther was not the first person
who attempted to correct theological,
moral, social, and other problems
within the church. Which church
reformer did NOT precede Luther?
 Jan Hus
 Peter Waldo
 John Wycliffe
 John Calvin

11. 7. Who was Martin Luther named after?
 St. Martin
 His father
 Martin Luther King
 Mary

12. 8. What did Luther write that resulted in a
theological firestorm and the reformation
of the Western Church?
 Promoting Church Growth
 Church Indulgences
 How to Win Friends and Influence People
 95 Theses

13. 9. What was Martin Luther’s occupation?
 Lawyer
 Church Bishop
 Co-owner of copper mines
with his father
 Monk

14. 10. Which of the following practices of the
Roman Catholic Church prompted
Martin Luther to post the 95 theses to
a church door in 1517?
 Indulgences
 Condolences
 Rosaries
 Creeds

15. 11. What did Luther expect would happen
by publishing his 95 thesis?
 Create a Protestant Reformation
 Create a debate between church scholars
and priests about unbiblical practices
 Create a name for himself so his work
would be published
 Create the Lutheran Church

16. 12. On which church door did Martin
Luther nail the 95 Theses :
 St. Paul’s Church, Berlin
 Castle Church in Wittenberg
 Peter the Confessor Church in Eisenach
 United Dr. Martin Luther King Church in
Birmingham, AL

17. 13. Martin Luther opposed to the selling of
indulgences. What are indulgences?
 Too much dessert
 A token to get into church
 Pieces of paper the church sold, granting
people less time in purgatory
 A piece of paper the church sold,
granting a Sunday off

18. 14. What did the Catholic church do to Martin
Luther for publishing his 95 theses?
 Had him burned at the stake in the public
square
 Forgave him but told him it would cost him
more time in purgatory
 Read his complaints and addressed them at
a board meeting
 Excommunicated him from the church for
being a heretic

19. 15. What does Transubstantiation mean?
 A Christian confessor has truly repented
 A payment of Indulgences
 The miracle of a “saint” becoming a
part of the body of Christ
 The “host” becomes the body and
blood of Christ

20. 16. What does Consubstantiation mean?
 The remembrance of Christ at the time
of communion
 The same as transubstantiation
 The miracle of a “con” becoming a part
of the body of Christ
 The “real presents” of Christ occurs at
the celebration of the Eucharist

21. 17. What is the Diet of Worms?
 The meeting between Martin
Luther and Johann Eck which
resulted in Pope Leo X
excommunicating Luther.
 The cause of Luther’s dysentery
 An early attempt at Nutri-System
 The place at which many European
nobility and church hierarchy
acknowledged that Luther was
right

22. 18. When did Luther decide to become a
monk?
 He saw a group of monks and liked their
cool outfits.
 Monk recruiters promised him a
scholarship at a private school
 His girlfriend became a nun and he
wanted to live in the monastery across
the street.
 He almost got struck by lightning and
feared that he may go to hell if he died.

23. 19. Which of the following is NOT a direct
by-product of Luther’s Reformation?
 Bibles translated into every language
in the world.
 People singing hymns to popular
tunes during church worship services.
 Grape juice was substituted for
communion wine
 People receiving bread and wine(or
juice) at the Lord’s Table.

24. 20. What event did NOT support the
expansion of the Reformation
 The Black Plague.
 The Peasants’ Revolt.
 The rise of nationalism in Germany.
 The building of new churches.

25. TRUE OR FALSE
The invention of the printing press was
a significant event which occurred at
the same time Luther was speaking out
against the Pope.
TRUE

26. 21. What characterized Roman Catholicism
during the time of Luther?
 Persecuting Church
 Materialistic Greed
 Sensuality
 Lack of Spiritual Leadership
 Degenerating Theology
 None of the above
 All of the above

27. 22. Why did King Henry VIII leave the Roman
Church start the Church of England?
 He did not like the Pope in Rome
 He wanted control of religion
 He wanted to remarry to gain an heir
to the throne
 He didn’t like his wife

28. 23. Which wife did Henry VIII wish to divorce?
Anne Boleyn Catherine of Aragon
Jane Seymour Mary Boleyn

29. 24. John Calvin made what important
contribution to the Protestant
Reformation?
 The Institutes of the Christian Religion
 A better understanding of the doctrines
of grace
 A theological basis for Reformed and
Presbyterian churches
 Commentaries on most of the Bible
 All of the above

30. 25. Why were the Anabaptists were
persecuted by Roman catholic church
and the newly formed Protestant
churches?
 Because they baptized believers twice
 Because they didn’t believe in baptism
 Because they believed in baptism more
than Roman Catholics and Protestants
 Because they were French
 All of the above

31. 26. Protestants who opposed to the throne
in France were known as:
 Huguenots
 Republicans
 Moravians
 Mennonites

32. Key Vocabulary Words
Indulgences
Protestant
Purgatory
95 thesis
Clergy
Sacraments
Pope Leo
Diet of worms
Excommunication
Consubstantiation
Transubstantiation
Predestination
The Council of Trent
Apocrypha
The Index of forbidden

33. Renaissance Humanists
and Evangelicals
• Join in opposition to Scholasticism and deficiencies of
papacy – heading for “Y” in the road
• Humanists revive study of biblical languages,
emphasize and develop literal interpretation
• Nicholas of Lyra (1265-1349)
• Renaissance Humanists: promote textual criticism –
love for scientific investigation – individualism

34. Spread of the Written Word
• Invention of printing press in 1446 by Johann
Gutenberg of Mainz, Germany (1400-1468)
• Crusades open trade routes allowing paper to
arrive from Egypt
• Luther: “Printing is God’s latest and best work to
spread the true religion throughout the world”

35. Printing Press

36. Reforming Evangelicals
• Peter de Bruys (d. ca. 1140) – Petrobusians
• Peter Waldo – Waldenses
• John Wyclif (d. 1384) – Lollards
• John Huss (1369-1415)

37. John Wyclif
(d. 1384)

38. Wyclif Sends Out Preachers

39. Reforming Evangelicals
• Petrobusians- Peter de Bruys (d. ca. 1140)
• Waldenses- Peter Waldo
• John Wyclif (d. 1384) - Lollards
• John Huss (1369-1415)

40. Girolamo
Savonarola
(1452-1498)

41. John Hus
(1369-1415)

42. “Compared with the persecution of heresy [by the RCC] . . . the
persecution of Christians by [pagan] Romans . . . was a mild
and humane procedure.”
- Will Durant

43. “Compared with the persecution of heresy [by the RCC] . . . the
persecution of Christians by [pagan] Romans . . . was a mild
and humane procedure.”
- Will Durant

44. Vatican City

45. Letter of Indulgence

46. Martin Luther
(1483-1546)

47. Castle Church, Wittenburg

49. Door of
Castle Church

50. Door of Castle
Church,
Wittenburg

52. Pope Leo X

53. St. Peter’s Basilica

54. “Table Talk”

55. Luther’s Music

56. Philip Melanchthon
(1497-1560)

57. Ulrich Zwingli
(1484-1531)

58. Jean Calvin
(1509-1564)

59. Guillaume Farel

60. St. Peter’s Cathedral, Geneva

63. TOPIC LUTHER CALVIN
Lord’s
Supper
Consubstantiation – actual bodily
presence of Christ in the elements
Spiritual Presence – elements serve
as a sign of the presence of Christ
Baptism Infant baptism practiced –
immersion preferred but seldom
practiced
Infant baptism practiced – immersion
preferred but seldom practiced
Worship Retained RC forms unless the Bible
strictly forbid them. Promoted
congregational hymn singing.
Preaching was central.
Worship forms permitted only if they
were found in the Bible.
Congregational singing had to be
Psalms. Preaching was central.
Church &
State
State has extensive powers over
Church. Head of state is head of
Church.
State must submit to the Church
which has extensive powers over
everyone.
Occupation Professor who was a popular
preacher
Preacher who became a popular
professor
Theology Augustinian, stressing justification
of sinners by faith alone in Christ
alone. Predestination to salvation
and damnation.
Augustinian, emphasizing the
sovereignty and glory of God.
Predestination to salvation and
damnation.
Bible
Translator
Bible translated for the sake of the
common man into German
Bible translated for the sake of the
common man into French