This document provides an overview of referencing and citation for a course on academic writing. The central objective is for students to learn referencing and apply it properly with a positive attitude. Specific objectives are to define referencing, identify the difference between references and bibliographies, and describe sources, elements, needs, and what to reference. The document defines referencing and citation, discusses the difference between references and bibliographies, lists common sources to reference, and elements to include. It explains why referencing is important to give credit, allow readers to find sources, and avoid plagiarism. The document also covers when to reference, such as for tables or when describing theories, and different referencing styles like APA, MLA,

1. Application No: 0050bb4ceca511e98ee317e0ee88b223
Name: JUSTY JOY
Email – justycj@gmail.com
Course: Academic writing
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2. CC BY-SA-NC

3. Central objective
At the end of teaching session the readers will
gain knowledge on referencing and able to apply
this knowledge into practice with a positive attitude
Specific objectives
The students will be able to
• Define referencing
• Identify difference between reference and
bibliography
• Describe the source, elements, need and what to
reference
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4. Referencing Styles
• What is it?
• Difference between reference and
bibliography!
• Why we need to reference?
• Sources of reference!
• Elements of reference!
• What to reference?
• When to reference?
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5. REFERENCE AND CITING
REFERENCE: the detailed description of the
document from which you have obtained your
information. Referencing is a way of
demonstrating that you have done that reading.
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6. References Vs Bibliography
• The terms „References‟ and „Bibliography‟
are often used synonymously, but there is a
difference in meaning between them.
• References are the items you have read and
specifically referred to (or cited) in your work ,
and your list of sources at the end of the
assignment will be headed „References‟.
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7. Bibliography
• Bibliography is a list of everything you read -
whether or not you referred specifically to it .
• Normally contain sources that have been cited
and also those found to be influential, but
decided not to cite.
• A bibliography can give a tutor an overview of
which authors have influenced your ideas and
arguments even if you do not specifically refer
to them.
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8. Sources of reference
• Book
• Journal
• Newspaper / magazine
• Conference paper/proceedings
• Annual report
• Government publication
• Electronic sources
• Theses/ Reports/ unpublished works etc.
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9. Elements in the reference list
• Author
• Title of document
• Place of publication
• Edition
• Periodicity (volume/ issue/ part number)
• Date ( year of publication)
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10. WHY?
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11. Why do we need reference?
To add credits to others work or to acknowledge
others works
To allow readers to find the original sources easily
To get approval for the work.
To make the quality of the work done
To trace the intellectual development of the ideas
you present.
To avoid plagiarism
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12. WHEN?
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13. When to reference
To give the source of tables, pictures, statistics
and diagrams which might be copied or have
been a source of idea.
When describing a theory, model or practice
associated with a particular writer.
To give credibility to an argument.
To inform the reader of sources of direct
quotations or definitions.
When paraphrasing another person's idea that
you feel is particularly significant.
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14. Different referencing styles
 APA (American Psychological Association) style,
author/date based style where emphasis is given
to the author and the date of work.
 MLA (Modern Language Association) style, used
for arts and humanities.
 Chicago style, used for history and economics.
 Harvard style, similar to APA style and most used
in Australia and UK.
 The Vancouver system – used in medical and scientific
journal (numeric)
 campbell
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15. References
1. Polit F Denise, Beck Cheryl. Nursing Research
principles and methods. Lippincott & wilkins
publishers
2. Burns Nancy, Grove K Susan. Understanding
nursing research building in evidence based
practice. Elsevier publishers
3. Sharma R. Nursing Research. New central
agency publishers
4. Houser Janet. Nursing Research reading using
and creating evident. Jones & Berlet publishers
5. www.student.learning.rod.ie
6. www.miami.edu.ac.in
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16. THANK YOU
ACADEMIC WRITING
SWAYAM
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