Harvard referencing system

Harvard Referencing
System
Mr Patrice Seuwou
School of Technology

Copyright © Patrice Seuwou 2013

Session objectives


What is plagiarism?
• Use of any source of information
(including electronic) without proper
acknowledgement.
• Quoting, summarising or paraphrasing,
copying and pasting without citing source.
• Citing sources you didn’t use.
• Unauthorised collaboration.


Why do students plagiarise?
• Poor study skills
• Inability to find information
• Poor citation skills
• Lack of understanding of what constitutes
plagiarism


Writing a dissertation, thesis,
article, essay
To support your arguments and provide ideas:

• Read widely and analyse the work of
others.
• Use as many sources as you can (books,
journals, newspapers, reports, web etc.)
• Read at an appropriate academic level.
• Use good quality sources.


Why should you cite other people’s work?

• Acknowledge the work of other writers and
researchers
• Demonstrate your reading and research
• Enable others to trace your sources easily
and lead them on to further information
• Part of the marking criteria
• Provide a check against plagiarism
• Meet copyright regulations

Referencing in Context

Book
Your Project

Evidence to Acknowledge
support your Sources Used
Journal own ideas or
Research, arguments • Briefly in your
Article
read and text
make notes • Paraphrase and/or
• In full at the
Web Page • Direct Quote end


What is citing and referencing?

• In your assignments you must demonstrate
that you have used relevant, good quality
sources by:

– providing in-text citations in the body of your work

AND

– a reference list/bibliography at the end of your
work


What’s an in-text citation?

In-text citations appear in the body of the text of
your assignment and should be included
whenever you quote, summarise or otherwise
refer to someone else’s ideas.


What do I need to include?
• author
• year the work was published
• page number(s) if applicable


What’s an in-text citation? -
Examples
• According to Clegg (1985, p.543) the inter-war period
was….
• Barter (2003, p.258) has shown that…..
• As Evans, Jamal and Foxall (2006, p.76) point out….
• It has been suggested by Reed (2008, pp.30-31)....
• Barter (2003, p.258) and Stuart (2001, p.85) note…
• A number of authors including Smith (2008, pp.21-24)
and Adams (2001, pp.165-166) have argued that…
**p. - page number / pp. - page numbers**


What’s a reference list?
• A list of all the sources you have cited in the text of your
assignment

• Presented at the end of your work in alphabetical
order by author/ editor

• Do not list books, journals, newspapers, then websites etc.

Note: a bibliography lists all of the sources you have read to help write
your assignment, not just those cited in the text.

Bibliography and/ or reference list? Ask your tutor!


How to Reference

You need to reference in two places:

• Brief details – these will go into the main
body of your assignment
• Full details – these will go at the end of
your assignment


Referencing a book


Referencing a printed journal article


Referencing an electronic journal
article


Referencing a web page


References of images and diagrams

All externally sourced images and
diagrams must be referenced
• Enter the title underneath the image or
diagram
• Add, in brackets, the author, date of
publication and page number
• Where there is no author use the title of
the source i.e. book, website etc.


Example 1 (Book/Publication):

Figure 1: Risk assessment guidelines for lifting and lowering
(Essentials of Health and Safety at Work 2008, 48)


Example 2 (Website):

Figure 1: Marriages, United Kingdom, 1951 – 2007
(Office for National Statistics website 2009)


How to Reference


Secondary referencing


Summary
• When you use ideas from, refer to, or quote from, another
person’s work you MUST acknowledge this in your work by
citing and referencing

• Ensure that your citations and references are complete,
accurate and consistent, by keeping note of the sources
you have used and where you found them

• If you present work containing ideas or quotes from other
authors, without acknowledging their work (even if you do
so accidentally) you may be accused of plagiarism!


Harvard referencing system

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