Red Cross

Red Cross
Red Cross
– It is an international organization concerned with the alleviation of human suffering and the
promotion of public health; the world–recognized symbols of mercy and absolute neutrality are the
Red Cross, the Red Crescent, and the Red Crystal flags and emblems.
– It is an international humanitarian organization (Red Cross Society) formally established by the
Geneva Convention of 1864. It was originally limited to providing medical care for war casualties,
but its services now include liaison between prisoners of war and their families, relief to victims of
natural disasters, etc.
Purposes: * HUMANITY – The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, born of a
desire to bring assistance without discrimination to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It's the Universal Donor.
Recipients: O, A, B, AB * Group A – can donate RBC to A's and AB's. * Group B – can donate RBC
to B's and AB's. * Group AB – can donate to other AB's but can receive from all others. It's the
Universal Recipient.
In addition to the A and B antigens, there is a third antigen called the Rh factor, which can be either
present (+) or absent ( – ). In general, Rh negative blood is given to Rh–negative patients, and Rh
positive blood or Rh negative blood may be given to Rh positive patients. * The universal red cell
donor has Type O negative blood type. * The universal plasma donor has Type AB positive blood
type.
WHO CAN DONATE BLOOD?
Anyone who:
– is in good health
– is between 16 to 65 years old (16 and 17 years old need parents consent);
– weighs at least 110 pounds;
– has a blood pressure between: Systolic: 90–160 mmHg, Diastolic: 60–100 mmHg; and
– pass the physical and health history assessments.
EMERGENCY TOOL KIT FOR RED CROSS
it is a tool kit designed to provide emergency response agencies with the series of planning tools to
help prepare their personnel and their families for emergencies.

– Plastic laminated ID card for family member(s) with special concerns. Indicate name, address,
phone, who to call in case of emergency, contact details, the condition of the bearer and special
instructions on what to do in case seen unconscious (e.g.
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Sickle Cell Anemia Essay
Sickle cell disease is a hereditary hemoglobin defect that occurs in people of African and
Mediterranean decent. "First identified in 1904 by a hospital intern, sickle cell disease became, more
than forty years later, the first disease found to be a genetic disease" (Harris 83). This disorder is
caused by a recessive allele that changes the structure of hemoglobin. Sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS)
differs from normal hemoglobin (HbA) in that of all the 574 amino acids it is made of, just one is
different. In the sixth amino acid of the beta chain, HbA has glutamic acid and HbS has valine.
Normal red blood cells have a biconcave shape that transports hemoglobin which is responsible for
most oxygen transport. The shape of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are precautions, though, that should be taken in order to prevent this disease. For example, in
Saudi Arabia, they have a Saudi Premarital Screening Program. "In 2004, the Saudi Ministry of
Health implemented a mandatory premarital screening program in order to decrease the incidence of
these genetic disorders in future generations" (Fakhoury). A blood test will be done to screen for
sickle cell trait or sickle cell disease. Should married couples find out they have the sickle cell trait,
genetic counseling can be done to help couples understand the risks associated with conceiving.
Once a child has been conceived "Couples at risk of having affected children can be identified by
inexpensive and reliable blood tests; chronic villus sampling from nine weeks of pregnancy can be
performed for prenatal diagnosis" (WHO 3). There are several countries where the prevalence of
sickle cell anemia is high. In Ghana, about 1 in every 50 births results in the disease but most in
rural Africa don't live beyond 5 years of age. Although there are nine government sponsored
languages, the official language is English. The currency unit in Ghana is the cedi and their capital is
Accra. Another country where sickle cell anemia is prevalent is Mali where the national capital is
Bamako. While French is the official language of the country most

Organ Donation
Topic: Why organ donation should be mandatory
Audience: College Students
General Purpose: To persuade
Specific Purpose: To persuade people to want to become an organ donor and the benefits of being
one
Proposition: You should become an organ donor
Organizational Pattern: Statement of logical reasoning
Introduction:
Attention Getter: Organ donation is an amazing thing, saving many lives every year.
Roughly 152,000 people die every day and 55 Million die each year yet, there is 116,000 people
sitting on the transplant list. Just to put into perceptive, there are 26 Million Americans that have
kidney disease and most don't even know they have it but the average wait for a kidney transplant is
up to 5 years and 20 people die every day ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Transition: As I said, my first point I will discuss the pros and benefits of being an organ donor.
Main Point #1 – Pros and Benefits
From an article in The Week UK, they have stated that "There have been advances in medical
science mean that the number of people whose lives could be saved by a transplant is rising more
rapidly than the number of willing donors"
So, the more donors the more lives being saved, the technology is helping make sure the transplant
is successful but there is a lack of willing donors.
A dead body is an inanimate object, incapable of feeling. When I person passes they are incapable of
feeling, so donating to others will not affect them in a negative way at all.
Donating your organs will not hurt you in anyway
Organ donation is the gift of life
Saving someone else's life at the end or your is truly a gift in itself, at the end of your life you're are
saving or benefiting to someone else. That could truly make someone's world
The more people that are registered organ donors the more lives that can be saved
There are a lot to the matching process when a transplant is going to occur, the more donors willing
to help save someone's life gives more people a greater chance to live.
Transition: Now that I have discussed some of the benefits to organ donation I will tell you about
some of the facts and common myths of organ donation.
Main Point #2 – Facts not myths Most people do not know the true facts about

Essay On Organ Donation
Organ donation is when a person authorizes an organ or any biological tissue of the human body to
be surgically remove while the donor is still alive or after death. Organs and tissues that are
transplantable will be removed in a surgical procedure and will be determine if they are suitable and
can be used for transplantation. An organ transplantation is a surgical procedure in which an organ is
removed from the donor's body and placed in the recipient's body. Organ donor is someone who is
giving an organ or tissue to the recipient who is in need of a transplant while the beneficiary of the
organ that will be donated from the organ donor is called the recipient. There are two kinds of organ
donation: living donation and deceased donation. Living donation is when the organ donor is still
alive while deceased donation is when the donation takes place after death. Organ donation has been
going on for centuries. The very first successful living–donor transplant took five and a half hours at
Brigham Hospital in Boston in December 23, 1954. The operation was led by Dr. Joseph Murray
along with Dr. David. The first organ donor was Ronald Herrick. He donated one of his kidneys to
his identical twin brother, Richard Herrick. Richard was dying from a chronic nephritis, an
inflammation of the kidneys. As a matter of fact, Ronald was a living–related donor. That means the
organ comes from a blood relative such as parent, brother or sister. Later on, the successful
operation led Dr.

Essay on Transplants
Transplants
How many times have you been in line to get a new drivers license and heard the clerk ask very
plainly and without any real inflection of voice, would you like to be an organ donor? You don't
know if you should answer yes or no. What if you answered yes? What would you need to do to
have your wishes fulfilled? I will inform of what you need to know to have your wishes carried out.
Who can donate organs, and how many people are waiting in KY and Nationally for an organ
transplant. I will inform you of the organ waiting list the good and the bad. Who is on the waiting
list and how long they can expect to wait? What can be done to shorten the time on the organ
waiting list? We have all heard the question; would you ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Everyone is looked at as a donor regardless of age and general health. "Most everyone can give
someone a second chance at life." Second Chance At Life Non Profit LouisvillKY .A division of
KODA.
more than 580 people age 65 and older were organ donors. To determine if someone can be a donor,
an organ recovery coordinator conducts an evaluation at the time of death. The coordinator looks at
the patient's past medical and social history, as well as present medical condition. This is done in a
confidential manner.www.optn.org Currently there are 99237 people on the waiting list for a
transplant according to OPTN. www.OPTN.org "The average person can expect to wait three to four
years. 7000 people die each year while waiting for a life saving organ. Modern Healthcare
1/28/2008 vol.38 issue four P17–17 Op Article. Living donors can shorten the waiting list time for
an organ transplant. A living donor is someone who can donate an organ without the loss of life. The
most comman donation is Kidney and Bone marrow. Marrow transplants are the only hope for
survival for many children and adults with leukemia, aplastic anemia, and other fatal blood diseases
and cancers. Unfortunately, nearly 70 percent of these patients cannot find suitably matched marrow
donors within their families. They need to find unrelated marrow donors – people who have
volunteered to donate marrow if ever matched with any

Mia Hamm Research paper
Tatum Brogan Mrs. Sattelmeyer English 9 13 March 2012 An All–star American Soccer Player Mia
Hamm is the most talented women's soccer player in the United States of America to date. She is
one of the most recognizable soccer figures for both genders. She has dominated the soccer world
since the late 1980's, inspiring athletes across the United States and as well as the world. During her
years on the U.S Women's National Soccer team, she received numerous awards most notably the
title for best all–around female soccer player. Because of these successes, she has developed one of
the biggest fan bases across the world. Mia Hamm serves as a model for all collegiate and
professional athletes combining her celebrity and passion for the ... Show more content on
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Look back at the pictures of all the young faces on that 1991 team, awash with smiles, the glow of a
world championship, and athletic glory in its purest form, and it becomes obvious why we play."
("Hamm, Mariel (Mia) Margaret"). Mai was nonplused that year based on the lack of zeal from the
sports world. She did not allow this to lower her morale or affection for the game. She remained
focused and steadfast and continued to promote women's participation in the sport. Mia Hamm's
professional soccer biography is distinctive and filled with numerous accomplishments. Hamm
graduated college with the record of 103 goals, 72 assists and helped win all four NCAA titles for
University of North Carolina (UNC). (Lincoln Library of Sports Champions). Mia broke the all–
time international goal record with her 108th goal against Brazil (Lincoln Library of Sports
Champions). On the UNC tar heels team she only lost one out of the 95 games she played. She
graduated in 1994, with a degree in political science, and the university retired her number 19 jersey
that same year. Mia was the winner of female athlete of the year from 1994 to 1998 ("The 1990's
Sports: Head Line Makers."). Mia returned back to the World Cup for the third time as a member of
Women's National Soccer team in 1995. That year, the U.S. team took bronze (third) and Norway
won the gold ("Hamm, Mariel (Mia) Margaret"). She helped the U.S. soccer team get

A Research On The Myeloid Leukemia
I am Gino Dettorre, and I will be a senior at Bishop Watterson High School this coming school year.
Currently, I am interested in pursuing a major in biology with a minor in Spanish at either
Washington University in Saint Louis, University of Pennsylvania, or Vanderbilt University. While
participating in the Mechanisms of Human Health and Disease program at Children's Hospital, I
have gained a better understanding of the molecular bases of various diseases, and I am interested in
applying this knowledge in a laboratory setting. I have chosen to research acute myeloid leukemia
because I have known relatives and friends affected by blood cancers, and I am interested in better
understanding the mechanisms of this disease.
Advertisement/Pitch: Picture yourself at a check–up appointment with your oncologist. You are told
the chemotherapy is not responding. You feel weaker each day. You cannot see straight, you feel
dizzy, and you pray that you will find a match for a bone marrow transplant. This is the reality that
AML patients face. AML poses the greatest risk to cancer survivors who develop this disease
following treatment for a previous cancer–for these patients, it is the next hurdle in their lives
(Cancer Research UK). When chemotherapy does not work and bone marrow transplant matches
cannot be found, patients realize that they do not have much time left in this world. New treatments
are desperately needed for AML, but many just assume that donating money to the American

The Ethics Of Fetal Stem Cell Research
Despite the new technological advances that bring promise to many medical treatments, few issues
cause concern when implementing the research into clinical studies. Many ethical dilemmas slow
the progression of research due to the variety of opinions influenced by moral beliefs. Resembling
abortion, the process of fetal stem cell research includes destruction of the embryo five to seven
days after conceived, in order to obtain the needed stem cells. Stem cells main function is to divide
and regenerate into new more specially designed cells. In 1981, mice stem cells were obtained but
over ten years later, researchers were able to extract stem cells from human embryos. It is believed
the stem cells of a human embryo could better the treatments of birth defects, diseases such as
Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and cancer. The finding of these stem cells and their uses established a
moral standstill within medicine and society. Besides fetal stem cells, adult stem cells are also
researched for new therapies yet are not as effective. According to the National Institutes of Health
(2015), the stem cells obtained from an embryo are analyzed in order "to identify how
undifferentiated stem cells become the differentiated cells that form the tissues and organs." Many
diseases are caused by an abnormality of cell division and cause the body to decline in health over
time. The most common disease of abnormal cell growth is cancer, which destroy body tissues.
Although there are

Symptoms And Treatment Of A Miracle Drug
TUESDAY This Tuesday is entirely different from the time I was born. Rather than passing by
without much happening, this Tuesday starts the beginning stages of recovery. This Tuesday is the
hangover as the result of Monday's poor decisions. As the day passes, you begin to feel better, but
it's a long, bumpy road ahead of you. On a Tuesday there is a long wait until the much–desired
Friday and Saturday, but it's an inevitable step in the right direction. I am twenty–one and it is
Tuesday. The depression pills did not work as I had hoped they would. There is no such thing as a
miracle drug. After a month I refused to take them any longer. I felt like my pills were controlling
my life so I was also weaned off the blood pressure medicine treating my migraines. I only remained
on the two medications I absolutely needed: Synthroid for my Hashimoto's disease and omeprazole
for my acid reflux. I felt like I was beginning to take back control of my life. For some, this
probably seems like a minute, irrelevant change in a world of chaos. But for those who are forced to
live by their medications, especially at such a young age, this is a very large step in regaining
freedom. I no longer feel as though my doctors, doctor's appointments, medications, and medical
testing control my life. Another step toward full recovery has been finding new meaning in my life
since many of the old ones disappeared after high school. Without sports, I had to find something
else to consume my time. Both

Selling Human Organs
TERM PAPER RESEARCH : Selling Human Organs ARTICLE 1 : Should people be allowed to
sell their organs? Currently, exchanging organs for money or other "valuable considerations" is
illegal, but some members of the medical and business communities would like to change that. One
of those is the American Medical Association's influential Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs.
Convinced that the balance of moral and ethical concerns favors the ability to sell organs, they
would like the laws to change, and the AMA's governing house of delegates is scheduled to vote in
June on whether to support a pilot program. The American Society of Transplant Surgeons has
already endorsed giving money for cadaveric organs to the families of the ... Show more content on
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Finally, there is no guarantee that the person really will be able to live with just one kidney – disease
or injury later on could be fatal for a kidney donor. This is even more likely with the poor because of
their health, behavior, where they live, etc. Do we really want to start flying poor people from Africa
or Asia to Europe and North America so that they can sell a kidney to the wealthy? Given the above
circumstances, why would anyone sell a kidney? The rich don't do it, and neither does the middle
class – only the poor are likely to do it, and it is without question an act of desperation. When such
desperation is the motive for selling a kidney, to what degree can we argue that the decision is
genuinely voluntary? In a just society, no person should have to sell off pieces of their body in order
to survive. This, then, is why these issues cut to the heart of what we want our society to be like:
will it be just enough that selling organs is something people can, but never feel they need, to do?
Selling organs from the deceased raises entirely different problems, because a dead person isn't
desperate, and selling the organs of your deceased relative isn't nearly such an act of desperation on
your part. Nevertheless, that doesn't mean that the situation would be entirely acceptable. Organ
transplantation is already

Why Do We Study Stem Cells?
In 1978 stem cells were discovered in human cord blood and in1997 stem cells were used to clone a
lamb (Murnaghan,2016). Why do we want to study stem cells? Why is it important to medicine?
Stem cells are non–specialized cells that have the ability to transform into the different kinds of
specialized cells in the body. These stem cells can be either a muscle cell, blood cell, or brain cell.
Stem cells ability to transform into any one of these cells provides the body with a repair system in
which the stem cell can replace a dead cell as long as the patient is still alive. According to the
National Marrow Donor Program, stem cell therapy in the form of a bone marrow transplant is used
for patients suffering from multiple sclerosis, leukemia, and lymphoma. Stem cells are important for
patients who are suffering from diseases without a cure. The stem cell treatment allows the cells that
have died to be replaced which in terms prolongs the patient's life. Stem cell treatment is also used
in knee injuries. However, there are many complications with stem cell transplants. Although, there
are many complications with stem cell transplants the good far outweighs the bad. The stem cells
unique abilities allow patients to live longer and more comfortably. Speaking about the stem cells,
there are different types of stem cells. There are embryonic stem cells which are grown in the lab
and found in early embryos. There is also tissue stem cells (found in bone marrow) which are found
in

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Essay
Introduction
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, also called acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute lymphoid leukemia,
or ALL; is the most common cancer in childhood. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a cancer of the
blood and bone marrow. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia has a higher rate of affecting Caucasians
than African Americans and is more commonly diagnosed in males. Studies have found that genetics
may predispose children to develop leukemia. Several studies have been conducted trying to link
environmental factors, such as: exposure to pesticides and herbicides; maternal use of alcohol,
cigarettes, and contraceptives; and chemical contamination of groundwater to the diagnosis of
leukemia, but currently no definitively link to childhood has been established. [3]
Pathogenesis
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the abnormal white blood cells accumulating in bone marrow.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia rapidly spreads through the body by replacing healthy cells with
leukemia cells. Leukemia cells are carried in the blood stream to other organs such as the liver,
spleen, lymph nodes, and brain. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The general symptoms for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which are non–specific symptoms are
weight loss, fever, night sweats, fatigue, and loss of appetite. These symptoms can cause numerous
conditions, not just acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Since acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a cancer of
the blood cells, it can cause symptoms related to shortages of normal blood cells due to the
overcrowding of leukemia cells in the bone marrow. These signs and symptoms include: feeling
tired, weak, dizzy or lightheaded, shortness of breath, fever, pale skin coloration, bruising easily,
frequent or severe nosebleeds and/or bleeding gums, petechial, painless lumps in the neck,
underarm, stomach or groin, pain or feeling of fullness below the ribs, and infections that don't go
away or keeping coming

Hsc 525 Week 2 Essay example
Ethical Health Care Issues: Organ Transplant Allocation
University of Phoenix
HCS 545 Health Care Law and Ethics
Louise Underhahl
July 23, 2012
Ethical Health Care Issues: Organ Transplant Allocation One of the areas that is currently affecting
the United States is the ethical issue of organ transplant allocation. Since the first single lung
transplant in 1983 and then the first double lung transplant in 1986 there have been thousands of
people who have lived because of the surgery. One must examine, evaluate, and apply the four
ethical principles to Organ transplant allocation to look at the ethical issues involved. Once must
look at the fact that not every patient who would benefit from a transplant will receive one in time ...
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If many people are tested but they do not match the individual trying to acquire a match there may
be other recipients that can to take advantage of a match for him or herself. Back before 1984 the
United States Government had regulations governing organ transplant allocation where the doctor
who removed the organs routinely give the organs to one of his or own patients. After 1984
according to McCarrick (2010) "Congress passed the National Organ Transplant Act of 1984 which
established a national Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) to improve the
effectiveness of organ procurement, organ distribution, and transplant activities" (p. 2). The ethical
principle nonmaleficence focuses on avoiding and minimizing harm. For a person to become a
member of the transplant registry, they must forego a very extensive physical and psychological
assessment. Each transplant list patient must also have the transplant surgeon's final decision putting
them on the list. The potential recipient, according to London Health Science Centre (2011) is
assigned a "status code". "The lowest number (1) indicates a patient is relatively stable and who is
home and not in hospital. The highest number (4) is a patient on life support in ICU and will die
within days if not transplant. Except level (4) surgeons prefer blood group compatibility and organ
size before determining organ match" (p.

Organ Donation Essay
Organ Donation The United States government website organdonor.gov gives information on the
organ donation and transplantation. According to the website, there is an increase in demand than
supply of organs for donation. Organs donated include kidney, liver, heart, pancreases, bone marrow,
bones, and skins. Typically, most donations occur after the death of a person. However, a living
donor can donate organs such as the kidney, part of lungs, fraction of intestines or component of the
liver. As per the government website, statistics show more than 116,000 people await transplants as
per August 2017 (Services). Of this number, at least 20 people die daily awaiting transplants. What
is disheartening is, for every ten minutes, there is an addition of one person to the waiting list.
Nevertheless, of the 95% United States adults supporting organ donation, only 54% of these adults
signed up as donors. The improvement of this percentage is through changing the moral perception
on organ donation and introduction of compensation to donors. To illustrate the financial incentive
issues and ethics involvement as far as organ donation is concerned, the paper will be divided into
two. The first section will dwell on the monetary aspect surrounding organ donation. The second
segment entails the moral question on organ donation and the conclusion. Compensation What if the
donors can be paid to donate their organs to the patients awaiting the transplant? Gary S. Becker and
Julio J. Elias

Childhood Cancer-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Essay
There are many discussions that remain in the world about what is the number one killer in children
today, cancer; and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia is one of the most common childhood diseases,
more likely to occur in children under the age of fifteen. (Leukemia–Lymphoma) There are few
adults that may end up getting Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia but the symptoms would be much
harder to find than it would be in a child. Although cancer in children is getting to the point where it
is becoming rare or well it may seem that way, one in every three hundred and fifty American
children will start to develop the symptoms of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia just by the time they
would reach the age of 21 years. Even with a high percentage of being ... Show more content on
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The question that the patients always ask is, what about a healthy life? What about the parts of their
life they have already lost? All the treatments, radiations, and chemotherapy they have already gone
through; they have scars so big that nothing they do can hide them. What about all the things that
they missed out on because of all the time they had to be in the hospital? Many doctors stated that
they would help or treat anyone "no matter what" the issue may be, not in the case of three year old
Amy. Research has shown me that this little girl was refused to be helped with her disease because
of the families' inability to pay right away, because of not having a good enough insurance to cover
the bills. Already slowly losing their lives anyways, the hospital refusing to treat them was killing
them faster than what was going to be expected. This poor little girl already in the twenty percent
category slowly but surely easing her way to death because of not receiving the help she needed. If
you are unable to pay because of your insurance or whatever the reason may be, doctors or even the
hospitals should not deny helping you or your children live their lives or even are helped to stay
alive maybe a few days more if anything. The national marrow donors program stated that nearly
4,000 new cases of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the United States occur in just one year.
(Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Marrow)

Umbilical Cord Blood
There are so many people in this world today that are diagnosed with blood disorders, and other
cancerous diseases. Along these terrible diseases comes a long, painful journey of treatments, like
bone marrow transplants. But, bone marrow transplants aren't the only transplants in this world now.
"In the outstanding findings of 1980 an estimation of more than 130 million infants are born, and
umbilical cord blood (UCB) is known to be the most abundant reservoir of hematopoietic cells for
many clinical applications." (Waller–Wise R.)
Umbilical cord blood has many potential usages, yet mothers don't know about it. Instead of using
the umbilical cord blood, doctors usually just dispose of it. What mothers don't have the knowledge
of is that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is because one unit of umbilical cord blood won't affect adults whatsoever. There aren't enough
hematopoietic stem cells in one unit. This is why scientists and clinical trials are doing their best to
come up with a way to double the unit so adults are able to use it, and not just adolescence.
Scientists are also still studying more ways to treat diseases with cord blood. At Duke University, for
example, researchers are using patients' own cord blood in trials for cerebral palsy and Hypoxic
ischemic encephalopathy (a condition in which the brain does not receive enough oxygen). Trials
are also under way for the treatment of autism at the Sutter Neuroscience Institute in Sacramento,
California. Also, according to the New England Journal of Medicine, cord blood is still better than
marrow transplantations after studies were done. The adult patients in the trial had advanced
leukemia, and were then give a bone marrow transplant, but recovery was slower because they
weren't matched. On the other hand, the leukemia patients that were given cord blood transplants
had more matches than bone marrow, and also had no acute graft–versus–host disease. "A really
exciting area that's just now in the basic science lab, is the area where stem cells...can be used for
going over to muscle cells like your heart muscle if you had a heart attack...or brain cells if

Different Types Of Cell Research
From brain cells to skin cells, our body is made up of 200 different types of specialized cells. One of
the most versatile types of cell is a stem cell. Stem cells are cells that have not been specialized yet;
in other words, they do not have a specific job. For example, nerve cells work to send signals
throughout your body, while stem cells do not have any specific functions. But they do possess the
ability to develop into all of the other different types of specialized cells in our body. With
regenerative abilities, stem cells are capable of renewing themselves through cell division and when
the stem cell divides to create another cell, the new cell has the potential to either stay a stem cell or
differentiate into a specialized cell, such as a nerve cell, a muscle cell, or a brain cell. This leaves the
potential of stem cell research wide–open.
For over 50 years, scientists have been focusing their studies on a specific type of stem cell,
hematopoietic stem cells. Hematopoietic stem cells, also known as HSCs, are stem cells that can
form immune and blood cells. Above all, they are responsible for the constant renewal of blood
through the production of billions of blood cells. Through much of the past half century, they have
led to a deeper understanding of other stem cell systems and pioneered a way for stem cell research.
Scientists continue to focus their research on HSCs with the hopes of discovering their potential to
treating numerous diseases, conditions, and

Written Assignment 2: Biology And Technology In The Real...
Written Assignment 2: Biology and Technology in the Real World
Addresses course outcomes 2 and 3:
use knowledge of biological principles to ask relevant questions about the natural world
make observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanations 1. Select
one of the following topics below.
2. Find articles related to the topic. 3. Write two pages, double spaced, excluding references. You
must read the articles that you find and summarize the information they contain briefly in your own
words. Extensive quotes from the article are discouraged. This assignment demonstrates the
acceptable, ethical, and academic method for citing information from a public source. You may not
use online ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A friend asks you. "What's all this controversy in the news about fracking and tar sands?" Briefly
explain to your friend how hydraulic fracturing and oil sands are used to obtain fossil fuels. Then, in
more detail, describe the environmental problems involved in these processes and why they are
controversial. Finally, give your opinions on possible solutions to the problems, with your reasoning
backed by the references that you studied.
Stem cells
Stem cells are a special group of cells found in all multicellular organisms. What makes them unique
and different from other cells is the fact that they are unspecialized and have the potential to
differentiate into diverse cell types while still maintaining the ability to replenish themselves.
Generally, these cells are divided into 2 broad categories – the embryonic stem cells that are derived
from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and the adult stem cells that are harvested from the bone
marrow, umbilical cord blood or the adipose tissue of an adult.
Stem cell based regenerative therapies Because of their unparalleled ability to differentiate into a
number of different cell types, stem cells are an attractive subject in the field of medical science.
Stem cell therapy explores the possibility of introducing stem cells into

Bone Marrow Research Paper
Bone Marrow Dorian N. Christian Excelsior College Abstract Every year, thousands of people of all
ages are diagnosed with leukemia and other life–threatening diseases. Many of them will die unless
they get a bone marrow or cord blood transplant from a matching donor. Seventy percent of people
do not have a matching donor in their family and depend on the Be The Match Registry to find a
match to save their life. The National Marrow Donor Program, which operates Be The Match, is an
Institute Award for Excellence winner (Balanced Scorecard Institute, 2016). But. The not–for–profit
organization matches patients with donors, educates healthcare professionals and conducts research
so more lives can be saved. During the summer of 2006, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The Decision Boo called on two of his Finance and Strategic Planning senior team members, who
were known for their analytical and organization skills. As they began discussing potential strategic
management frameworks and tools, they came up with a short list of options: Total Quality
Management (TQM), Balanced Scorecard, Lean and Six Sigma. After speaking with other non–
profits, health care organizations and target vendors' clients, as well as researching each
methodology on the internet and in best–selling business books, Boo's staff prepared a white paper
detailing the pros and cons of each given NMDP/Be The Match's organizational culture and
capabilities, non–profit business structure, employee and Board requirements, along with
considering the time constraints for implementation. They decided to take a three–phased approach
to their selection process. Phase I was to select a process that could be easily implemented and fit
the non–profit business model and organizational requirements. As a result of Phase 1 analysis, the
balanced scorecard was selected due to the fact that not only was it applicable to NMDP/Be The
Match's business model and organizational requirements, but the balanced scorecard provides an
overarching strategic framework that

Ayala Case Study
The Ayala Case presented in Case 2 from Chapter nine explains that Anissa "was diagnosed with
chronic myelogenous leukemia (174)," at the age of sixteen. None of Anissa's family members or
candidates from the National Marrow Donor Program was a match with her bone marrow. The only
option left was for Anissa's parents to conceive a child with compatible bone marrow. "...The odds
of having a child that could save Anissa's life (175)" were only 6.4%. Against the low odds, Anissa's
parents had a child named Marissa–Eve that was compatible with Anissa's bone marrow. At fourteen
months, Marissa–Eve's "bone marrow was used in a transplant to save Anissa's life. Anissa's life
expectancy surpassed the original numbers she was given, which was three to

Mia Ham In Soccer
There have been many influential women in the history of soccer. For example, Abby Wambach,
Mia Hamm, and Alex Morgan are just some of the many influential female soccer players. Through
all of them, Mia Hamm stands out the most. Mia Hamm is influential because she was the founder
of a bone marrow research foundation, she wrote a kids book to encourage them not to quit even if
they don't win, and she is an inspiration to girls who want to play soccer or any other sports. First,
she was the founder the Mia Hamm Foundation (a bone marrow research foundation). For example,
"About." Mia Hamm Foundation says "The Mia Hamm Foundation is one of several organizations
that honors bone marrow donors for their gift of life, celebrates the lives of bone ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Winners Never Quit! / Mia Hamm (Book) says "The world's top goal scorer and three–time
Olympian offers a soccer tale, putatively autobiographical, about a little girl whose tendency to
stomp off the field when frustrated prompts her teammates to teach her a lesson. The text perfectly
reflects a competitive child's rage when things don't go as desired." The book could be an influence
to kids to show them the importance of having good sportsmanship and not being too hard on
yourself when you don't win. Next, it says "Mia learns quickly that there will be times when she will
score a goal and those when she will not, but playing the game is the most fun of all." This quote
supports that her book is one of the reasons she is influential because it comes from her point of
view so it's easy for kids who have had the same attitude when they don't win to relate to. Last,
Winners Never Quit! says, "Mia Hamm, American soccer champion and best–selling author of Go
for the Goal, tells a true–life–inspired story of learning that winning and losing aren't as important as
being part of a team." When kids (or really anyone) reads this, they could learn the lesson that Mia
learns, winning is not as important as being part of a team. Mia Hamm's book is important to many
children because of the influences in

Facts About Organ Donation and Organ Transplantation Essay
In life, there is one thing that is inevitable and unavoidable. The subject is often avoided because of
fear. Death is universal. Every day eighteen people will die in the United States of America waiting
for an organ transplant. Organ Transplantation involves the giving of a healthy body part from either
a living or dead individual to another person. (Fundukian, Organ, p674–678) Medical illnesses do
not discriminate. It doesn't matter about wealth, race, religion, or even age. The types of illnesses
causing and leading to organ failure are heart disease, cirrhosis, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, hepatitis,
kidney disease, and hypertension. Currently medical professionals are able to transplant kidneys,
livers, lungs, hearts, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The transplant team complied of coordinators, transplant physicians, transplant surgeons, financial
coordinators, and social workers. Coordinators aid patients with evaluation, treatment and follow up
care. Physicians usually manage the patient's care, test, and medications. Some physician coordinate
up until the transplant and even some times post–transplant. Surgeons are the ones who actually
perform the surgery and follow up care for some time after the surgery. Financial coordinators of
course aid patients in the understanding of financial matters. Finally, social workers help patients
understand and cope with issues pertaining. Besides the above groups, United Network Organ
Sharing and Organ Procurement Transplantation Network are essential in organ transplantation.
These organizations make it possible. UNOS "created efficient distribution system of deceased
organs that allow for fair and timely allocation, formulated a patient waiting list, and set up a system
to publicize the need for organ donations." With UNOS, the Organ Procurement and Transplantation
Network (OPTN), work with local Organ Procurement Organizations (OPO). OPO representatives
meet with families of recently deceased individuals to discuss the possibility of organ donations.
They assist in the evaluation of organs, their likelihood of medical use, and if organs are usable,
recovery, preservation and transport. Here in Philadelphia, we have the Gift of

Consent After Death Case Study
Consent After Death I. PURPOSE 1. All personal information about you and your relationship with
the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) is strictly confidential. Therefore, we will not share
any personal information with the donor or recipient family without your approval. 2. This consent
provides a written permission to the NMDP to release signer's personal information to the donor or
the recipient's next of kin if the recipient has passed away. Next of kin includes: – Spouse –
Parent/guardian –Children –Siblings 3. NMDP policy does not allow the sharing of any donor or
recipient personal information until twelve months have passed since the peripheral blood stem cell
(PBSC) or bone marrow donation and transplant. However, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In the case it occurs, NMDP will help you understand the international center's policies and start the
contact process if possible. II. POTENTIAL RISKS OF RELEASING YOUR PERSONAL
INFORMATION There may be some risks with sharing your personal information with your donor
or recipient's relative. These risks include, but are not limited to: 1. Your information will no longer
be private. Once information has been exchanged you may later decide you do not like being in
contact with them. They may say things or ask you for things that make you uncomfortable. They
may use the information you give on this form to find more information about you, such as through
social media. #2 2. You may be subjected to unwanted attention from the media. 3. The donor or
recipient may choose to not respond to your request for contact. 4. If you do not keep in contact
after exchanging information, NMDP will not make additional attempts to re–establish contact in
the future. 5. Exchanging personal information could create personal

Symptoms And Treatment Of Cancer
Whether a friend, family member, or personally, cancer affects millions each year. In fact, 1,685,210
individuals will be newly diagnosed by cancer and 595,690 will die from cancer in the year of 2016.
2 In order to receive a transplant, radiation, chemotherapy, immunosuppressive drugs, isolation, plus
more are required in hopes to achieve success. The possibility of the unknown, the fear of rejection,
graft–versus–host disease (GVHD), looms throughout the minds of patients and challenges medical
professionals. GVHD can begin at any time thus verifying the importance of nursing. GVHD is a
condition that occurs when a donor's bone marrow attacks the patient, which varies in organs and
tissues. As a result, the affected organs or tissues lose their ability to function and increase the risk
of infection for the recipient. Nurses are solely responsible for recognizing early signs of rejection
during patient hospitalization, teaching patients how to recognize signs of rejection when at home,
preventing infection, and vital to the overall health of an immunocompromised patient. GVHD
varies depending on the length of the condition (acute or chronic). Nurses must be competent in
assessing the multiple organ systems for rejection. To name a few, the skin, stomach, intestines,
liver, joints, eyes, and lungs can be affected. Some signs of rejection include rashes, jaundice,
abdominal discomfort, sores in mouth, trouble breathing, diarrhea, and nausea, in addition to others.
Evaluating

Functions Of Type Vii Collagen
Pathophysiology
The COL7A1 gene contains the instruction manual for making proteins that are used for
strengthening and supporting the connective tissue in the body which includes tendons, ligaments,
bones and skin. "The proteins produced from the COL7A1 gene, called pro–α1 (VII) chains, are the
components of type VII collagen." (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/COL7A1) When three pro–α1 (VII)
chains twist together, they form a triple–stranded molecule called a procollagen, these molecules are
secreted by the cell and are processed by enzymes which remove extra protein segments. When
these procollagen molecules are processed by getting rid of the extra segment on the ends, they then
can arrange themselves into longer, thinner bundles of mature type VII collagen.
Type VII collagen is the major component of anchoring fibrils which is found in the basement
membrane zone, which is a two–layer membrane found between the epidermis, and the dermis.
"Anchoring fibrils hold the two layers of skin together by connecting the epidermal basement
membrane to the dermis." (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/COL7A1) Without the anchoring fibrils
holding those layers together the skin become extremely fragile and blistering occurs with the
slightest of trauma, heat, rubbing or friction. Injury may also occur from the removal of adhesive
tape or tight clothing. Children with EB are called "Butterfly Children" because their skin is so
fragile, like a butterfly's wings.
Diagnosis

American Red Cross
The American Red Cross is a non–profit organization that was created to assist people in time of
need regardless nationality, race religious beliefs, class or political opinions. This national society
has a long rich history and is one of the most identifiable humanitarian organizations in the nation.
The mission of the American Red Cross is to alleviate and prevent human suffering in the face of
emergencies by mobilizing the power of volunteers and the generosity of donors. It promotes mutual
understanding, friendship, cooperation and lasting peace among all peoples. The programs are
founded on principles of Humanity, Impartiality, Neutrality, Independence, Voluntary Service, Unity
and Universality.
The American Red Cross was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The staff of the Senate Finance Committee, which formulates tax policy and has oversight over tax–
exempt charitable organizations, is to meet Friday to begin developing legislation that will include
new rules for corporate governance of nonprofit organizations."The Red Cross is known to all
Americans as the main organization that responds to disasters," Grassley said. "It's important for the
Red Cross to go the extra mile with governance reforms to ensure public confidence Johanna
Neumann writes for the Los Angeles Times. In 2003 and 2004, the Post reported, the Red Cross paid
consultants more than $500,000 to pitch the charity's name in Hollywood, recruit stars for its
Celebrity Cabinet and give Evans a more high–profile image even as she was laying off staff and
cutting travel expenses. The American Red Cross has activities in helping the physical and
emotionally recovery with children in famine torn Mali.
A Manager can learn many things from the American Red Cross particularly their ability to
collaborate, communicate, manage resources, train personnel and fulfill the organizations mandate
with precision and efficiency in relationship with other organizations such as the American Military
as they respond to millions of emergencies around the globe with cohesion among their national
network of 650 chapters and 36 blood services regions as the work to respond to those emergencies
for the recovery and the saving of lives during war,

An Organization 's Mission And Vision Statements
Balanced scorecards have been around since the 1990's and was developed by Robert Kaplan and
David Norton (Edwards (2011) and is used by many organizations of all types all over the world,
non–profit, for–profit, governmental agencies, ect., in order to develop a strategic planning and
improve strategies within their organizational structures. It pertains to many different aspects from
financial aspects, employee retention, and customer satisfaction, internal and external perspectives,
to employee morale, as well as accountability. A balanced scorecard will indicate weaknesses and
strengths of all aspects within an organization such as finances, the business prospective, short and
long term goals, customer satisfaction, knowledgeable concepts, as well as the organization's
mission and vision statements. A balanced scorecard is created to measure the following aspects:
perspectives, objectives, initiatives, and targets all under one organization, but when doing so the
organization's mission and vision statements must be focused on as well. Prior to an organization
considering implanting a balanced scorecard the following should be considered, in order to be
effective in there long range goals and objectives: Is the organization's prepared for the results and
determining their weakness and strengths? Is the organization prepared to act on the results and
acting on the results to improve the organization prospective future, with the financial, customer,
internal and

The Shortage Of Donated Organs And The Issues With The...
Dying painfully in a hospital bed is not the way anyone wants to go. Unfortunately for many people,
it is a reality. Thousands of people a year end up dying while waiting for an organ that could save
their lives. While on the other side of the world, thousands of people die a year, but from infection
when an organ is forcefully taken from them to sell on the black market. There are two sides of the
organ donation list, and both can end in death. This paper will discuss the shortage of donated
organs and the issues with the current donation system. It will also discuss the black market for
transplant organs and possible solutions to viable organ shortage. The focus of this paper will be on
transplant kidneys as they are the most desirable organ for buyers and sellers.
In order to be eligible for an organ donation list, you must be in end–stage organ failure. This means
that one of the patient's organs has not been working for a while and it is impossible for them to live
without some kind of help or transplant. For many patients, end–stage organ failure can come as a
shock even if they have known for months that one of their organs was failing. With kidneys, this
means the patients are put on dialysis if they are not already. Dialysis is a process that mechanically
helps to do the things that the kidneys normally do. This can include filtering waste and toxins out
of the body. Many organs can be transplanted from living and dead donors, including kidneys, heart,
lung,

Organ Donation Essay
The Compromise for organ donors
More than thirty–thousand organ transplants are performed every year in the United States, however
many more individuals are in need of transplants. Without a supply of organs to be donated most
individuals unfortunately pass away, or turn to the black market organ sales. How could the United
States boost the number of available organs, while decreasing the activity of illegal organ sales? A
national system could be implied to boost, reimburse, and make organ donning more acceptable to
those who consider donating. Organ donors could be financially compensated for their financial
burden of donating an organ such as hospital bills, rehabilitation and, days of missed work. This in
turn would increase the number of available organs, while the need for black market organ sales
would plummet.
Organ donation is when an individual allows for the legal removal of major organs for someone in
need of a major organ. Donation may be for research purposes, or, more popular healthy
transplantable organs and tissues may be donated to be transplanted into another individual.
Common transplantations include the kidneys, heart, liver, pancreas, intestines, lungs, bones, bone
marrow, skin, and corneas. Some organs and tissues can be donated by living donors, such as a
kidney or part of the liver, part of the pancreas, part of the lungs or part of the intestines, but most
donations occur after the donor has passed away. While organ donation is a positive deed

Different Types Of Cell Research
HSC Research Paper
From brain cells to skin cells, our body is made up of 200 different types of specialized cells. One of
the most versatile types of cell is a stem cell. Stem cells are cells that have not been specialized yet;
in other words, they do not have a specific job. For example, nerve cells work to send signals
throughout your body, while stem cells do not have any specific functions. But they do possess the
ability to develop into all of the other different types of specialized cells in our body. With
regenerative abilities, stem cells are capable of renewing themselves through cell division and when
the stem cell divides to create another cell, the new cell has the potential to either stay a stem cell or
differentiate into a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For over 40 years, they have been used to successfully treat the cancers of blood, including
lymphoma and leukemia. HSCs have showed a widespread of potential clinical uses and today,
researchers continue to advance their knowledge of stem cells and dig deeper with hopes of
widening the clinical uses of HSCs.
The first evidence of HSCs came from victims of the nuclear bombing in 1945. Research indicated
that the victims, who died over a prolonged period, had compromised hematopoietic systems; in
other words, their bodies were unable to regenerate either white blood cells to protect against
infections or platelets to clot their blood. To further their understanding, an experiment was
conducted on mice, in which they were exposed to radiation, identical to the citizens of Nagasaki
and Hiroshima. The mice, which were given the minimal lethal dose, died of hematopoietic failure
during the two weeks following after the radiation exposure, similar to the citizens. Scientists later
discovered that they could rescue the mice from hematopoietic failure by injecting cells from blood–
forming organs of healthy mice. This discovery uncovered the importance of the hematopoietic
system and its functions, such as the bone marrow's role in the regeneration of blood and immune
cells.
Early research of HSCs primarily focused on characterizing HSCs from other cells. Identifying and
differentiating HSCs from other cells proved to be easier said than done,

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Hr Managment
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital was founded in 1962, is a pediatric treatment and research
facility focused on children's catastrophic diseases and cancer. It is located in Memphis, Tennessee,
and is a nonprofit medical corporation. St. Jude was the first institution to develop a cure for sickle
cell disease with a bone marrow transplant and has one of the largest pediatric sickle cell programs
in the country. St. Jude has developed protocols that have helped push overall survival rates for
childhood cancers from less than 20 percent when the hospital opened in 1962 to 80 percent today in
2012. St. Jude researchers and doctors are treating children with pediatric AIDS, as well as using
new drugs and therapies to fight infections. No ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These benefits are available to employees who work 50% or greater of full–time. Vacation days are
accrued or earned based on your service. Most important they provide retirement plan both
employer and employee contributions. All employees are eligible to participate regardless of
position or length of employment. The employees have 15 vacation days per year. After 10 years of
continuous employment, they have 20 vacation days per year. Sick days are accrued based on their
service. Newly hired employees accrue sick time beginning on their date of hire. St. Jude recently
introduced family sick leave as part of the Paid Sick Leave policy. Family sick leave allows
employees to use up to 32 hours of their sick leave each fiscal year to care for immediate family
members. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital grants leave to eligible employees for up to 12 work
weeks in a 12–month period. FMLA leave is a guaranteed period of time in which an employee may
be absent from work with job protection due to the following: an employee's own serious health
condition or to care for a child, spouse or parent with a serious health condition, care for a newborn
child or newly adopted or newly placed foster care child. Holidays are available to employees who
work 50% or greater of full–time on the day of the observed holiday. The hospital priority is to
provide health to their employees. St. Jude is proud to

The Ethical Cost Of Stem Cell
Through the history of medicine there have been different interventions, inventions, patents,
breakthrough discoveries, and cured diseases. However, some of these crucial discoveries have
come at an ethical cost to the scientific community which has raised concerns among the different
populations of the world. A critical discovery in the world of medicine was the development and use
of stem cells to cure tissue, organ, and endothelial damage; the regeneration of hair and auditory
neurons; and the potential to cure some of the world's most puzzling diseases. The term "stem cell"
was first used in scientific literature in 1868 by a German biologist Ernst Haeckel to describe a
fertilized egg that becomes an organism.3 Haeckel also used the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Good of the University of Minnesota was able to perform the first successful bone marrow
transplant on a child who was suffering from immune deficiency.3 The child received the

Human Organ Market Essay
Economic Analysis of a Human Organ Market Human organs have been transplanted for many
years. There are currently 123,940 people waiting for an organ in order to get their transplant. Of
that vast number, around 18 people die each day waiting for an organ ("Why Organ, Eye, and Tissue
Donation?" n.d.). There has been some issues with human organ transplants whether it is ethical or
not. Another view on transplantation is to create a market for organs. With the increasing number of
people in search for an organ in order to save their life, the demand for human organs is on the rise.
As with any economic and ethical debate there are two viewpoints on this issue. Proponents believe
that it will eliminate the black market of human organ ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When it is unknown whether the person was a donor, the next of kin could make the decision to
donate the deceased organs (Hansmann, n.d.). This act did not specify if the organs were subject to
sales however. The chairman of the committee involved in drafting the UAGA stated,
"... it is possible, of course, that abuses may occur if payment could customarily be demanded, but
every payment is not necessarily unethical... Until the matter of payment becomes a problem of
some dimensions, the matter should be left to the decency of intelligent human beings" (Hansmann,
n.d.).
The sales of organs remained uncertain until in 1984 when the National Organ Transplant Act
(NOTA) was established. The act established federal monetary support for nonprofit organ attaining
organizations and national organ and transplantation network to assist in matching recipients with
donors. NOTA also made commercial markets for organ transplants a federal crime, and states also
made different statues of their own outlawing sales of organs. As a result, an effort to create a human
organ market would require a repeal of amendment of legislation at both the state and federal levels
(Hansmann, n.d.). The ban of sale from this act was to encourage altruism to benefit others by
becoming a donor instead of being forced to become a donor.
As stated above, it has been a difficult process to make the provisions of transplantation clear and

Research On Stem Cell Research Essay
Stem Cell Research James A Merritt PIMA Medical institute
Embryonic stem cell research is a controversial topic. In the religious aspect its man trying to play
the authority of GOD on whether people should live, die or suffer from ailments and injuries. On a
scientific and medical aspect it is compassionate people looking for ways to enhance the quality of
life by treating and possibly curing disease, illness and injuries that seem to have plagued society
since the dawn of medicine. This paper will go through time lines, the benefits, pitfalls, and the
economic woes of embryonic stem cell research.
Sickened and weak she weeps in her hospital bed praying for a miracle that with high probability
will never appear. That miracle is a bone marrow transplant due to a debilitating disease known as
leukemia. As she's lying in wait, the Dr Walks in seemingly emotionless but carrying a heavy heart.
He walks toward his grieving patient trying to find the proper but ultimately sincere and truthful
words to let her know that without a donor she is almost certainly going to succumb. Knowing she
will die without this operation, she pleads for reassurance on finding an answer to help cure this
horrific and devastating disease. The Dr without hesitation thinks to himself, "If only

The Problem Of Medical Benefits
In animal and human cloning alike, arguments over ethicality boil down to a matter of medical
benefits versus moral concerns. Governmental and social groups are split by the benefits of
therapeutic, reproductive, and molecular cloning, which bring their own moral rewards in the
preservation of life, and the grey areas cloning brings on matters of protection of morals and
individuality. Through cloning technology, medical science will learn to renew activity of damaged
cells by growing new cells and replacing them, yet concerns are raised over the possibility of
compromising individualities or violating the rights of the cell. Cloning gives the capability to create
humans with identical genetic makeup to act as organ donors for each other, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
As of now, there are three types of cloning, each with their own potentials and moral arguments
against. Molecular cloning, also known as "recombinant DNA technology," "DNA cloning," and
"gene cloning", entails the transfer of DNA from an organism to a self–replicating genetic element
such as a bacterial plasmid. A bacterial plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is
separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. The DNA of interest can then
be cultivated in a foreign host cell. This technology has been around since the 1970s, and has
become a common practice in molecular biology labs today. Molecular cloning provides scientists
with an essentially unlimited quantity of any individual DNA segments derived from any genome.
As molecular cloning does not go beyond a molecular level or involve stem cells, there is little that
is morally reprehensible about it, and is left alone. Stem cells are a major concern for activist groups
in that stem cells come from embryos that are three to five days old. At this stage, an embryo is
called a blastocyst and has about 150 cells, which can divide into more stem cells or can become
any type of cell in the body. Therapeutic cloning, which is the production of human embryos for use
in research, becomes more of an ethical issue in its use of embryonic stem cells. The

Persuasive Speech About Organ Donation
There are currently 115,930 people on the national list awaiting an organ transplant ("Data"). These
people wait patiently as death knocks on their door. In America, we can do so much to ensure that
people will live on with the donations of organs. Unfortunately, many are unaware of the amount of
people who are dying that are waiting for an organ. Organ donation is a great way to save someone's
life, and continue the life of a loved one. Although it is a great way to give someone a new life many
people are uninformed about donation and how valuable organs are. For example, did you know that
in order for you to be recognized as a valid donor you must sign the back of your license? The
amount of knowledge that the general public has about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is very difficult for some people because many do not know what organs are eligible for
donation. When people think of organ donation most think kidney and heart donation, there is so
much more than that, for example, you can donate almost any organ that you use or do not use for
that matter. You can also donate tissues such as skin, cartilage, and you can also donate bone
marrow. The waiting list for organs is never–ending, as of December 15th, 2017 there are 115,930
people on the list for an organ and for some it is their fate because they know that this is their last
option to live, and many will not make it off this list alive ("Data"). Everyday there are on average
20 people that die awaiting an organ ("Data"). For many people, the ability to receive an organ is
almost out of the question because when an organ becomes available doctors will match the organ to
the recipient with the closest height and weight to the donor. They will also look at the medical
urgency, blood, and the size of the organ (2). If a person were to need an organ that is a rare blood
type or if the organ needed is an unusual shape or size, it will become very difficult to find a match
in all categories. This is very difficult for people to understand because you can not put a heart from
a 250lbs man into a 130lbs woman just because they have the same blood type.
Every 10 minutes a person is added to the donor list, which includes over 115,000 people awaiting

The Ethical Issue Surrounding Organ Transplantation
Outline Title: The Ethical Issues Surrounding Organ Transplantation Abstract With organ transplants
so prevalent in today's society, it is important that the ethical issues surrounding them are fully
understood. While many people want to see life extended as long as possible, there are others who
believe life must be allowed to run its natural course. This literature review examines the process of
organ transplantation from continuous shortages of available organs to the distribution process to the
lasting effects of the transplant on the patient. The research showed that even as policies and
procedures adapt to our evolving society, it is very likely there will always be disagreement on the
subject of organ transplantation. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ethical Issues Surrounding Organ Transplantation 1 The Ethical Issues Surrounding Organ
Transplantation A Review of the Literature Beginning with the first organ transplants in the 1950's;
questions have risen regarding these life–changing procedures and the ethics that surround them.
During the years since, society has continued to debate the issues surrounding organ transplants.
With the creation of regulations regarding organ procurement and the development of transplant
waiting lists, it is obvious that an increasing number of people have had their lives effected by this
medical advancement. That being said, the importance of educating people on the facts of
transplantation is greater than it has ever been. This literature review considers the use of personal
ethics in the decision making process as it relates to organ transplantation by responding to the
following questions: 1. How do we deal with the shortage of donated organs? 2. What is the
distribution process for the organs? 3. What are the effects of organ transplantation on the patient?
Understanding the ethics of the organ transplantation process could increase the number of possible
donors, thus saving the lives of so many who are in need of organ transplants. How Do We Deal
With the Shortage of Donated Organs? There are

Bone Marrow Transplant Research Paper
The Different Kinds of Bone Marrow Transplants There are three different types of BMTs,
autologous, allogeneic, and syngeneic. In autologous BMTs the patient who is receiving the bone
marrow was also the donor. Before patient received their treatment, in the form of chemotherapy,
radiation, or both, stem cells were taken from the patient via bone marrow harvest or apheresis (The
Johns Hopkins University, para. 10). Apheresis is a process of collecting peripheral blood stem cells,
stem cells found in the bloodstream (National Marrow Donor Program, para. 1). Once the cells are
removed, they are frozen, and then given back to the patient after their treatment. The term rescue is
often used when describing this form of procedure (The Johns ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
8), neuroblastoma (Knight, Jackson–Grusby, and White Ryan, 163), and some solid–tumor cancer,
however those are very rare (The Johns Hopkins University, para. 8). Additional cancers are being
evaluated in clinical trials for eligibility (Knight, Jackson–Grusby, and White Ryan, 163).
Matching Donors and Patients Finding a potential donor involves matching the human leukocyte
antigen (HLA) tissue. These antigens are on the surface of special white blood cells. The HLA tissue
determines the genetic makeup of a person's immune system (The Johns Hopkins University, para.
11). Doctors try to minimize the possible side effects of BMTs by using donor stem cells that match
the patients as closely as possible. The overall success of a BMT depends on how closely the match
between donor and patient was. Less than one–third of patients will have a matched sibling; siblings
are often the closest matches. In about one–half of the cases it is possible to find an unrelated,
matched donor. The chances of a donor matching a patient increase drastically if the two are of the
same racial and ethnic background. Blood work is used to determine the level of a match between
donor and patient. Donor registries are often used to find donors when there is no related match.

Persuasive Essay On Organ Donation
More than thirty–thousand organ transplants are performed every year in the United States, however
many more individuals are in need of transplants. Without a supply of organs to be donated most
individuals unfortunately pass away, or turn to the black market organ sales. How could the United
States boost the number of available organs, while decreasing the activity of illegal organ sales? A
national system could be employed to boost, reimburse, and make organ donning more acceptable to
those who consider donating. Organ donors could be financially compensated for their financial
burden of donating an organ such as hospital bills, rehabilitation and, days of missed work. This in
turn would increase the number of available organs, while the need for black market organ sales
would plummet.
Organ donation is when an individual allows for the legal removal of major organs for someone in
need of a major organ. Donation may be for research purposes, or, more popular healthy
Transplantable organs and tissues may be donated to be transplanted into another individual.
Common transplantations include the kidneys, heart, liver, pancreas, intestines, lungs, bones, bone
marrow, skin, and corneas. Some organs and tissues can be donated by living donors, such as a
kidney or part of the liver, part of the pancreas, part of the lungs or part of the intestines, but most
donations occur after the donor has passed away. While organ donation is a positive deed there is an
uncomfortable

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