Recombinant dna vaccines
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This document discusses recombinant DNA vaccines. It begins with an introduction to vaccines and their role in preventing disease through immunization. It then explains recombinant DNA technology and how it is used to develop recombinant vaccines. There are three main types of recombinant vaccines: live genetically modified organisms, recombinant inactivated vaccines which are subunit vaccines, and genetic vaccines like DNA vaccines. The document outlines the advantages of recombinant vaccines as being safer, more efficacious, less expensive and faster to produce. It also notes some potential limitations like insufficient technology and lack of complete disease knowledge. In the conclusion, it briefly discusses the most advanced COVID-19 vaccine candidates currently in clinical development.
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EDWARD JENNER conduct experiments in 1796 that lead to the creation of the first smallpox vaccine for prevention of smallpox.
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Vaccine for COLERA and TYPHOID were developed in 1896 and PLAGE vaccine in 1887.
The first DIPHTHERIA vaccine is developed in about 1913 by EMIL ADOLPH BEHRING,WILLIAM HALLOCK PARK.
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A TETANUS vaccine is developed in 1927.
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Biotechnology tools and products are useful in animal health research, agriculture, and veterinary medicine. Some key applications include:
1. Biotechnology-derived veterinary vaccines like recombinant vaccines which use genetic engineering to produce antigens without infectious agents. DNA vaccines are another type that use only DNA from pathogens.
2. Veterinary diagnostic systems using techniques like DNA/RNA probes and PCR for fast, sensitive, and specific disease diagnosis directly from samples.
3. Biotechnology-derived therapeutics including gene-deleted vaccines which use genetically engineered pathogens lacking virulence genes to induce immunity safely.
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- Natural selection was used to generate lambda strains lacking restriction sites, allowing restriction-based cloning.
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PGEM3-Z is a plasmid vector derived from pUC vectors. It contains the ampicillin resistance gene (ampR) and LacZ gene with clustered restriction sites, similar to pUC vectors. PGEM3-Z is commonly used for in vitro transcription, protein expression, and DNA cloning due to its high copy number, ability to identify inserts through blue-white screening, and flexibility afforded by clustered restriction sites.
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Cell Sorting Techniques
This document provides an overview of cell sorting techniques. It begins by outlining the objectives and defining cell sorting as a process to isolate specific cell populations from a mixture based on differences in size, morphology, or surface protein expression. The document then discusses various applications of cell sorting and sample preparation methods. It categorizes the main approaches to cell sorting as positive selection, depletion, or negative selection. Finally, it provides details on several specific cell sorting techniques including filtration, centrifugation, magnetic sorting, adhesion, and microfluidic methods.
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Subunit and peptide vaccine
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EDWARD JENNER conduct experiments in 1796 that lead to the creation of the first smallpox vaccine for prevention of smallpox.
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The whole cell PERTUSIS vaccines are developed in 1914.
A TETANUS vaccine is developed in 1927.
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Biotechnology tools and products are useful in animal health research, agriculture, and veterinary medicine. Some key applications include:
1. Biotechnology-derived veterinary vaccines like recombinant vaccines which use genetic engineering to produce antigens without infectious agents. DNA vaccines are another type that use only DNA from pathogens.
2. Veterinary diagnostic systems using techniques like DNA/RNA probes and PCR for fast, sensitive, and specific disease diagnosis directly from samples.
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The document discusses single-shot vaccines and their delivery systems. It defines vaccines and describes traditional types including killed, attenuated, and subunit. It explains antigen uptake, processing, and presentation by cells. Microsphere-based single-shot vaccines provide priming and boosting through delayed antigen release. Factors influencing release include polymer properties and antigen size. Future areas of research include combining pulsatile delivery with existing vaccines to mimic multiple doses through a single injection. Adverse effects are usually mild and include fever and pain, while risks involve potential illness from live vaccines or allergic reactions.
Vaccines and Type of Vaccines
This presentation talks about vaccines, currently being used in medicinal processes and therapeutics and their types. It elaborates the importance of the different types of vaccines along with their examples and their mechanism of action. The mode of production of all the types of vaccines is also discussed in the presentation including recent developments made for the production of mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19 vaccines details.pdf
coronavirus caused millions of deaths around the world recently .
not only knowing the structure of this virus matters but also the vaccines preventing its deadly effects is of importance .
in this power point which I prepared for my university advisor almost 1.5 year ago I mentioned all types of vaccines which then were approved or were on clinical trials.
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Recombinant dna vaccines
- 2. CONTENTS Introduction Vaccines Recombinant DNA technology Recombinant vaccines Types of recombinant vaccines Advantages Limitations 2
- 3. INTRODUCTION Prevention of disease most desirable most convenient highly effective approach to health Achieved by immunization using biological preparation called vaccine 3
- 4. VACCINES Vaccines preparations containing antigenic substances administered for the purpose of inducing specific and active immunity Against disease provoked by bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms like parasites 4
- 5. RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY Genetic engineering a group of techniques used for genetic modification of organisms These procedures are of use to Identify Replicate Modify Transfer the genetic material 5
- 6. RECOMBINANT VACCINES Recombinant DNA technology Heterologous expression Cloning Gene regulation Vaccine technology Molecular mechanisms underlying disease Better understanding of immune response genetic makeup of disease agents 6
- 7. TYPES OF RECOMBINANT VACCINES Recombinant vaccines are classified as live genetically modified organisms recombinant inactivated (“killed”) vaccines genetic vaccines 7
- 8. LIVE GENETICALLY MODIFIED VACCINES Approaches Attenuate the disease agent Infectious clone of the disease agent Vaccine vectors 8
- 9. ATTENUATED DISEASE AGENT Attenuate the disease agent can be viruses or bacteria with one or more genes deleted or inactivated (double-knockout) or more genes are deleted or inactivated 9
- 10. INFECTIOUS CLONE Infectious clone of the disease agent the isolated or cloned genome can be specifically and purposefully modified in the laboratory 10
- 11. VACCINE VECTORS Vaccine vectors vaccines carrying a foreign gene from another disease agent 11
- 12. OTHER TYPES RECOMBINANT INACTIVATED VACCINE are subunit vaccines containing only part of the whole organism GENETIC VACCINES DNA vaccines usually plasmids Contain a foreign gene from a disease agent and a promoter 12
- 13. ADVANTAGES Safer More efficacious Less expensive Faster 13
- 14. LIMITATIONS shortage of capital insufficiency of technology lack of complete knowledge. Cancer causing ability Autoimmune response disease enhancement 14
- 15. COVID-19 (SARS CoV 2) • Vaccine development status 15
- 16. MOST ADVANCED CANDIDATES Vaccines for COVID-19 recently moved into clinical development mRNA-1273 from Moderna Ad5-nCoV from CanSino Biologicals INO-4800 from Inovio LV-SMENP-DC pathogen-specific aAPC from Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute 16
- 17. 17 THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
- Requires knowledge of the gene(s) responsible for pathogenicity does not effect viability and the ability of the modified organism to induce an immune response